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@ -114,12 +114,12 @@ Means "to try to", "to make sure to". It's more of an assertion than ようと
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Used with a verb.
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Used with a verb.
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
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> 毎日に{朝|あさ}ご{飯|はん}を食べる==ようにします==。
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> 毎日に{朝|あさ}ご{飯|はん}を食べる==ようとします==。
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> I'll try to eat a breakfast everyday.
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> I'll try to eat a breakfast everyday.
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### ようとする・ようとしない
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### ようとする・ようとしない
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Means "try to", "attempt to" (or not, in the negative form). It's more of an attempt than with ようにする. Can also mean "just as I was about to".
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Means "try to", "attempt to" (or not, in the negative form). It's more of an attempt than with ようにする.
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Used with the volitional form of verbs (よう).
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Used with the volitional form of verbs (よう).
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ This form is used with a verb in the negative form (ない).
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{一体|いったい} is used to make an emphasis when something is surprising, confusing, etc.
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{一体|いったい} is used to make an emphasis when something is surprising, confusing, etc.
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
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> ==いったい=={誰|だれ}がそんなことをしたか。
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> ==いったい=={誰|だれ}がそんあことをしたか。
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> Who in the world would do something like this?
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> Who in the world would do something like this?
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## まるで
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## まるで
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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### 決して~ない
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### 決して~ない
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="usage">
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<p class="iright">決して + </p>
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<p class="iright">消して + </p>
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<div class="ileft">
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<div class="ileft">
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<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くない</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くない</span></p>
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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{決|けっ}して~ない means "never". Used with negative verbs.
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{決|け}して~ない means "never". Used with negative verbs.
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> [!info] Examples
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> [!info] Examples
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> 私は==決して=={夢|ゆめ}を{覚|おぼ}えません。
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> 私は==決して=={夢|ゆめ}を{覚|おぼ}えません。
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@ -41,22 +41,23 @@
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<p class="right">+ わけがない</p>
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<p class="right">+ わけがない</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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Means that there is no way, "impossible". The nuance is that the way of doing is unknown, thus impossible for the subject. But someone else might know.
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Means that there is no way, "impossible".
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It can also mean that the will to do is not present, especially with する.
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
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> もうこんな時間。帰り==わけがない==。
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> {全部|ぜんぶ}食べられる==わけがない==よ!
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> It's already this late. I have no way to go back home (I don't know how).
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> It is impossible to eat it all!
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### ようがない・ようもない
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### ようがない・ようもない
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🛠 Todo: understand the nuance between わけがない and ようがない.
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🛠 Todo: understand the nuance between ようがない and ようもない.
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~{様|よう}がない means that there is no way, "impossible".
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~{様|よう}がない means that there is no way, "impossible".
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Works by removing ~ます from a verb and adding ようがない・ようもない.
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Works by removing ~ます from a verb and adding ようがない・ようもない.
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The nuance it that it is impossible in general. With する, it can mean the same as わけがない, i.e. "I don't know how to".
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
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> {全部|ぜんぶ}食べられる==ようがない==よ!
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> もうこんな時間。帰り==ようがない==。
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> It is impossible to eat it all!
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> It's already this late. I have no way to go back home.
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### まさか
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### まさか
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ See [[Connectors#のに#In order to]].
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<p class="right">+ ため(に)</p>
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<p class="right">+ ため(に)</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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Means "in order to". Mostly used in writing, rarely used with negative.
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Means "in order to". Mostly used in writing.
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> [!info] Examples
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> [!info] Examples
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> {面接|めんせつ}の==ために==ヒゲを{剃|そ}らなきゃ。
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> {面接|めんせつ}の==ために==ヒゲを{剃|そ}らなきゃ。
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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Can also mean "as for", "regarding".
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## ように
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## ように
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Means "in order to". Implies that an effort is made or a goal to obtain. There is generally will implied.
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Means "in order to". Implies that an effort is made or a goal to obtain.
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Used with verbs.
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Used with verbs.
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> [!info] Examples
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> [!info] Examples
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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Used with nouns and verbs.
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<p class="right">+ のに</p>
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<p class="right">+ のに</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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The first meaning is "although", "even tough". Cannot be an hypothesis, must be a confirmed fact. This, it works with past tense.
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The first meaning is "although", "even tough".
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
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> 食べたばかり==なのに==、まだお{腹|なか}が{空|す}いた。
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> 食べたばかり==なのに==、まだお{腹|なか}が{空|す}いた。
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@ -2,26 +2,33 @@
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## としては
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## としては
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🛠 Todo: nuance.
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Means "as", "in the role of". The と particle implies a result.
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Means "as", "in the role of". The と particle implies a result.
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More used for objective judgments.
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Used with nouns.
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Used with nouns.
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
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> 彼はカメラマン==としては==いい{仕事|しごと}をする。
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> {厳|きび}しいのに{先生|せんせい}==としては==あまり{良|よ}くない。
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> As a cameraman, he does a good job.
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> Because he is strict, he's not a very good teacher.
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## にしては
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## にしては
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🛠 Todo: nuance.
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Means "considering", "for". The に particle implies a simultaneous existence.
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Means "considering", "for". The に particle implies a simultaneous existence.
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The difference with としては resides in the fact that this is used to make a contrast between the general image associated with something and what we're describing.
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More used to give personal opinions.
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Used with verbs and nouns.
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Used with verbs and nouns.
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
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> このカバンは安い==にしては==悪くない。
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> 田中さんは{父|ちち}==にしては=={最低|さいてい}です。
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> This bag might be cheap, it is not bad.
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> As a father, Tanaka-san is the worst.
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## としても
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## としても
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Means "assuming", "even if". It has the same meaning as [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]], but bolder.
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🛠 Todo: nuance.
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Means "assuming", "even if".
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
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> 私==としても==出来ます。
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> 私==としても==出来ます。
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@ -29,11 +36,13 @@ Means "assuming", "even if". It has the same meaning as [[TeF (4) - even if#Even
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## にしても
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## にしても
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Means "even if", "even though". It has the same meaning as [[🔰 Particles (1)#も]], but bolder. In some rare written cases, it has the same meaning as としても.
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🛠 Todo: nuance.
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Means "even if", "even though".
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
|
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> フランス{語|ご}==にしても=={英語|えいご}==にしても=={彼|かれ}はとても{上手|じょうず}です。
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> それ==にしても==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けてくください。
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> He is very good at both French and English.
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> Still, please be careful.
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## "As": Gradual change
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## "As": Gradual change
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@ -59,7 +68,7 @@ It means that when when the first part of the sentence changes, the second part
|
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|
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This example works with all forms.
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This example works with all forms.
|
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|
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### につれて and にしたがって
|
## につれて and にしたがって
|
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|
|
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In both forms, the change is natural, and is not an intentional change. When the verb expresses gradual change, both can be used.
|
In both forms, the change is natural, and is not an intentional change. When the verb expresses gradual change, both can be used.
|
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につれて is more common and more used for personal actions.
|
につれて is more common and more used for personal actions.
|
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@ -68,7 +77,7 @@ In both forms, the change is natural, and is not an intentional change. When the
|
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> {冬|ふゆ}が{地|ちか}づく==にしたがって・につれて=={気温|きおん}が{下|さ}がってきた。
|
> {冬|ふゆ}が{地|ちか}づく==にしたがって・につれて=={気温|きおん}が{下|さ}がってきた。
|
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> As winter approaches, the temperatures have lowered.
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> As winter approaches, the temperatures have lowered.
|
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|
|
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### にしたがって
|
## にしたがって
|
||||||
|
|
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This form also has the meaning of "in accordance to". It doesn't express change. It is possible to talk about intention.
|
This form also has the meaning of "in accordance to". It doesn't express change. It is possible to talk about intention.
|
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|
|
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@ -76,7 +85,7 @@ This form also has the meaning of "in accordance to". It doesn't express change.
|
|||||||
> {歯医者|はいしゃ}==にしたがって=={毎日|まいにち}2{回|かい}{歯|は}を{磨|みが}く。
|
> {歯医者|はいしゃ}==にしたがって=={毎日|まいにち}2{回|かい}{歯|は}を{磨|みが}く。
|
||||||
> I brush my teeth twice a day as recommended by my dentist.
|
> I brush my teeth twice a day as recommended by my dentist.
|
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|
|
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### に伴って
|
## に伴って
|
||||||
|
|
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に{伴|ともな}って also has the meaning of a an instantaneous change: when the first part changes, the second part also changes instantly. The first part is the reason of it changing.
|
に{伴|ともな}って also has the meaning of a an instantaneous change: when the first part changes, the second part also changes instantly. The first part is the reason of it changing.
|
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|
|
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@ -84,11 +93,11 @@ This form also has the meaning of "in accordance to". It doesn't express change.
|
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> オリンピックがある==に伴って=={交通費|こうつうひ}がねあが{値上|ねあ}がりしてしまった。
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> オリンピックがある==に伴って=={交通費|こうつうひ}がねあが{値上|ねあ}がりしてしまった。
|
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> As the Olympics are held, transportations cost have increased.
|
> As the Olympics are held, transportations cost have increased.
|
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|
|
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### と共に
|
## と共に
|
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|
|
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と{共|とも}に has 3 other meanings.
|
と{共|とも}に has 3 other meanings.
|
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|
|
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#### Almost at the same time
|
### Almost at the same time
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It is also used for two actions that happens at approximately the same time. The two actions do not have to be related. They also don't have to be specifically about change.
|
It is also used for two actions that happens at approximately the same time. The two actions do not have to be related. They also don't have to be specifically about change.
|
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|
|
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@ -96,7 +105,7 @@ It is also used for two actions that happens at approximately the same time. The
|
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> {鳥|とり}は{鳴|な}き{声|ごえ}をする==と共に=={風|かぜ}が{吹|ふ}く。
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> {鳥|とり}は{鳴|な}き{声|ごえ}をする==と共に=={風|かぜ}が{吹|ふ}く。
|
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> The bird sings and the wind blows.
|
> The bird sings and the wind blows.
|
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|
|
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#### Together with
|
### Together with
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It can also mean "together with". It is much more formal than {一緒|いっしょ}に.
|
It can also mean "together with". It is much more formal than {一緒|いっしょ}に.
|
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|
|
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@ -104,7 +113,7 @@ It can also mean "together with". It is much more formal than {一緒|いっし
|
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> {妻|つま}==と共に=={新|あたら}しい{人生|じんせい}を{始|はじ}めります。
|
> {妻|つま}==と共に=={新|あたら}しい{人生|じんせい}を{始|はじ}めります。
|
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> I am starting a new life with my wife.
|
> I am starting a new life with my wife.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### As well as, also
|
### As well as, also
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It can also mean "as well as", "also".
|
It can also mean "as well as", "also".
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -78,13 +78,11 @@ Means that something is "full of" or "covered with" something undesirable.
|
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|
|
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<div class="usage">
|
<div class="usage">
|
||||||
<p class="iright">N + は + </p>
|
<p class="iright">N + は + </p>
|
||||||
<div class="ileft">
|
|
||||||
<div class="left">
|
<div class="left">
|
||||||
<p><span class="box">V + こと</span></p>
|
<p><span class="box">V + こと</span></p>
|
||||||
<p><span class="box">い-Adj + こと</span></p>
|
<p><span class="box">い-Adj + こと</span></p>
|
||||||
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な + こと</span></p>
|
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な + こと</span></p>
|
||||||
<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
|
<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
</div>
|
||||||
<p class="right">+ で有名</p>
|
<p class="right">+ で有名</p>
|
||||||
</div>
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
@ -192,5 +192,5 @@ Means "also", "as well". Means that both N1 and N2 are true (and should share a
|
|||||||
Means "not only but also", "not to mention".
|
Means "not only but also", "not to mention".
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> [!info] Examples
|
> [!info] Examples
|
||||||
> このゲームセンターにはゲーム==はもちろん==ボウリング==も==あります。
|
> このゲームセンターにはゲーム==はもちろん==ボウリングもあります。
|
||||||
> This game center not only has games but also bowling.
|
> This game center not only has games but also bowling.
|
||||||
|
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Can be used as ==ということだ== or ==とのことだ==. A more casual vers
|
|||||||
## Summing up
|
## Summing up
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* ==んだって== used for quotation, similar to って, when the information is new.
|
* ==んだって== used for quotation, similar to って, when the information is new.
|
||||||
* ==と聞いた== is used for something you heard from an identifiable speaker. Is mostly formal.
|
* ==と聞いた== is used for something for something you heard from an identifiable speaker. Is mostly formal.
|
||||||
* ==と言われている== is used for something for something you heard from an unspecified speaker. Is mostly formal.
|
* ==と言われている== is used for something for something you heard from an unspecified speaker. Is mostly formal.
|
||||||
* ==そうだ== is used for hearsay and is casual.
|
* ==そうだ== is used for hearsay and is casual.
|
||||||
* ==ということだ== is used for hearsay, when the validity of the information is certain. More formal than そうだ.
|
* ==ということだ== is used for hearsay, when the validity of the information is certain. More formal than そうだ.
|
||||||
|
@ -4,28 +4,10 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
See [[TeF (4) - even if]].
|
See [[TeF (4) - even if]].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## 「と・に」しても
|
## のに
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
See [[Considering - for - as#としても]].
|
Means "although", "even tough".
|
||||||
See [[Considering - for - as#にしても]].
|
See [[Connectors#のに#Even tough]].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## たって
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<div class="usage">
|
|
||||||
<div class="left">
|
|
||||||
<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
|
|
||||||
<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くた</span></p>
|
|
||||||
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
|
|
||||||
<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
<p class="right">+ って</p>
|
|
||||||
</div>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Means "even if", "even though". It has the same meaning as [[#て-form even if]].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> [!info] Example
|
|
||||||
> {今|いま}で行==ったって==、{間|ま}に{合|あ}わない。
|
|
||||||
> Even if you go now, you won't make it in time.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## それでも
|
## それでも
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -35,11 +17,6 @@ Means "but still", "even so", "anyway".
|
|||||||
> 雨が{降|ふ}っていた、==それでも==出かけていた。
|
> 雨が{降|ふ}っていた、==それでも==出かけていた。
|
||||||
> It was raining, but I still went out.
|
> It was raining, but I still went out.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## のに
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Means "although", "even tough". Cannot be an hypothesis, must be a confirmed fact. This, it works with past tense.
|
|
||||||
See [[Connectors#のに#Even tough]].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## くせに
|
## くせに
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<div class="usage">
|
<div class="usage">
|
||||||
@ -52,32 +29,11 @@ See [[Connectors#のに#Even tough]].
|
|||||||
<p class="right">+ くせに</p>
|
<p class="right">+ くせに</p>
|
||||||
</div>
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Means "despite", "even tough". Has a negative connotation when a situation is not what was expected. Regularly used to talk about characteristics. Like のに, cannot be an hypothesis.
|
Means "despite", "even tough". Has a negative connotation.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> [!info] Example
|
> [!info] Example
|
||||||
> {掃除|そうじ}すると言った==くせに==、まだ{汚|きたな}いよ。
|
> {掃除|そうじ}すると言った==くせに==、まだ{汚|きたな}いよ。
|
||||||
> You said you would clean it up, but it's still dirty.
|
> You said you would clean it up, but it's still dirty.
|
||||||
>
|
|
||||||
> {子供|こども}の==くせに==、{数学|すうがく}が{得意|とくい}です。
|
|
||||||
> Despite a child, he is good at math.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## ながらも
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else. Cannot be used for an hypothesis: it is something that is happening right now.
|
|
||||||
See also [[Time#ながら]].
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> [!info] Example
|
|
||||||
> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
|
|
||||||
> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Summing up
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* ==ても==, ==「と・に」しても==, ==たって== and ==それでも== have the same meaning.
|
|
||||||
* ==「と・に」しても== have a bolder meaning.
|
|
||||||
* ==それでも== breaks up the phrase.
|
|
||||||
* ==のに== cannot be used for conditional situations.
|
|
||||||
* ==くせに== talks about disappointment or characteristics.
|
|
||||||
* ==ながらも== talks about something happening right now.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## たとえ~ても
|
## たとえ~ても
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@ -97,6 +53,24 @@ Means "even if X is the case". Used to present possibilities.
|
|||||||
> ==たとえ=={疲|つか}れ==ても==、もうちょっと{起|お}きている。
|
> ==たとえ=={疲|つか}れ==ても==、もうちょっと{起|お}きている。
|
||||||
> Even if I'm tired, I'll stay up a little longer.
|
> Even if I'm tired, I'll stay up a little longer.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## たって
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<div class="usage">
|
||||||
|
<div class="left">
|
||||||
|
<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
|
||||||
|
<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くた</span></p>
|
||||||
|
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
|
||||||
|
<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
<p class="right">+ って</p>
|
||||||
|
</div>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Means "even if", "even though".
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> [!info] Example
|
||||||
|
> {今|いま}で行==ったって==、{間|ま}に{合|あ}わない。
|
||||||
|
> Even if you go now, you won't make it in time.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## ても始まらない
|
## ても始まらない
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
ても{始|はじ}まらない means "there's no point, even if you..."
|
ても{始|はじ}まらない means "there's no point, even if you..."
|
||||||
@ -124,3 +98,21 @@ It is used to talk about an unexpected result, that is contradictory to the prec
|
|||||||
> [!info] Example
|
> [!info] Example
|
||||||
> {自転車|じてんしゃ}の{乗|の}り{方|かた}を{忘|わす}れるはありえないと{思|おも}っていた。==ところが==すっかり{忘|わす}れた。
|
> {自転車|じてんしゃ}の{乗|の}り{方|かた}を{忘|わす}れるはありえないと{思|おも}っていた。==ところが==すっかり{忘|わす}れた。
|
||||||
> I thought it was impossible to forget how to ride a bike. However, I completely forgot.
|
> I thought it was impossible to forget how to ride a bike. However, I completely forgot.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## ながらも
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else.
|
||||||
|
See also [[Time#ながら]].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> [!info] Example
|
||||||
|
> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
|
||||||
|
> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 「と・に」しても
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
See [[Considering - for - as#としても]].
|
||||||
|
See [[Considering - for - as#にしても]].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Summing up
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
🛠 Todo.
|
||||||
|
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ It is used with verbs by removing the ます and adding なさい. In casual con
|
|||||||
## ように言う
|
## ように言う
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It means "to tell", "to request", "to order".
|
It means "to tell", "to request", "to order".
|
||||||
It is form by added ように{言|い}う to a verb. The verb {頼|たの}む can be used for requests, while {命|めい}じる can be used for order. The verb {言|い}う can tell the three meanings depending on the tone. Other similar verbs can be used ({注意|ちゅうい}する, {進|すす}む, etc).
|
It is form by added ように{言|い}う to a verb. The verb {頼|たの}む can be used for requests, while {命|めい}じる can be used for order. The verb {言|い}う can tell the three meanings depending on the tone.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> [!info] Example
|
> [!info] Example
|
||||||
> {子供|こども}にお{菓子|か|し}を食べない==ように言った==。
|
> {子供|こども}にお{菓子|か|し}を食べない==ように言った==。
|
||||||
|
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Can also be used to talk about a distance between two physical places or the tim
|
|||||||
A first meaning is similar to {間|あいだ} (while), but with intentionality.
|
A first meaning is similar to {間|あいだ} (while), but with intentionality.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> [!info] Example
|
> [!info] Example
|
||||||
> 電車に{乗|の}っている==間に==、本を読みました。
|
> 電車に{乗|の}った==間に==、本を読みました。
|
||||||
> While I was on the train, I read a book.
|
> While I was on the train, I read a book.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A second meaning is a statement of something that happened during a time period, independently of your actions.
|
A second meaning is a statement of something that happened during a time period, independently of your actions.
|
||||||
|
@ -50,5 +50,5 @@ The way the intervals are counted between these two grammar structure is differe
|
|||||||
> 1日==おきに== =2日==ごとに== = every other day = every second day
|
> 1日==おきに== =2日==ごとに== = every other day = every second day
|
||||||
> ●○●○●○●
|
> ●○●○●○●
|
||||||
>
|
>
|
||||||
> 2日==おきに== =3日==ごとに== = every three days = every third day
|
> 2日==おきに== =3日==ごとに== (every three days = every third day)
|
||||||
> ●○○●○○●○○●
|
> ●○○●○○●○○●
|
||||||
|
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Used by combining to a verb.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
## ところ
|
## ところ
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Means "just about to". Used when describing what we're about to do. Can also mean "just after something happened".
|
Means "just about to". Used when describing what we're about to do.
|
||||||
Used by combining to a verb.
|
Used by combining to a verb.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> [!info] Example
|
> [!info] Example
|
||||||
|
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Used with a noun.
|
|||||||
<div class="left">
|
<div class="left">
|
||||||
<p><span class="box">V + の</span></p>
|
<p><span class="box">V + の</span></p>
|
||||||
<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
|
<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
|
||||||
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + (な + の)</span></p>
|
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な + の</span></p>
|
||||||
<p><span class="box">N + な + の</span></p>
|
<p><span class="box">N + な + の</span></p>
|
||||||
</div>
|
</div>
|
||||||
<p class="right">+ に対して</p>
|
<p class="right">+ に対して</p>
|
||||||
|
@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ It is a bit more casual than ずに.
|
|||||||
> {勉強|べんきょう}し==ないで=={卒業|そつぎょう}した。
|
> {勉強|べんきょう}し==ないで=={卒業|そつぎょう}した。
|
||||||
> I graduated without studying.
|
> I graduated without studying.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## ず(に)
|
## ずに
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Means "without doing". Formed with a verb in the negative tense (ない) by removing the -ない stem and adding ず(に).
|
Means "without doing". Formed with a verb in the negative tense (ない) by removing the -ない stem and adding ずに.
|
||||||
する transforms to せずに.
|
する transforms to せずに.
|
||||||
It is a bit more formal than ないで.
|
It is a bit more formal than ないで.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
|||||||
⚠ Replaces the を and が particle. It is, in a certain way, a stronger way than が to highlight information.
|
⚠ Replaces the を and が particle. It is, in a certain way, a stronger way than が to highlight information.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> [!info] Example
|
> [!info] Example
|
||||||
> {今年|ことし}==こそ=={日本|にほん}に{住|す}む。
|
> {今年|ことし}==こそ=={日本|にほん}を{住|す}む。
|
||||||
> This year, for sure I'll live in Japan.
|
> This year, for sure I'll live in Japan.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## さえ
|
## さえ
|
||||||
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user