158 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
158 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
# Only, just
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## だけ
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Means "only", "just".
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> [!info] Example
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> {一|ひと}つ==だけ==ください。
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> Only one, please.
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## だけでなく
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な・である</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N (である)</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ だけでなく(て) ... (も)</p>
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</div>
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Means "not only A but also B".
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Can also be used as だけではなく.
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> [!info] Example
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> この{都市|とし}は大きい==だけでなく==、きれいでもある。
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> This city is not only big, it's also pretty.
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## のみ (NEW!)
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It is a more formal, written version of だけ. It is only used with nouns.
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> [!info] Example
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> この{道|みち}は{歩行者|ほこうしゃ}==のみ==です。
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> This road is pedestrian only.
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## きり
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ きり・っきり</p>
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</div>
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Used with verbs and nouns, it indicates a cutting off point.
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> [!info] Example
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> {一人|ひとり}==きり==で{住|す}んでいます。
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> I live alone.
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Used with a noun, it means "only".
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> [!info] Example
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> このバスで{一度|いちど}==きり=={乗|の}った。
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> I only rode this bus once.
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Used with a verb, it means "since", "after", "even since".
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> [!info] Example
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> {彼|かれ}は{卒業|そつぎょう}した==きり=={見|み}なかった。
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> I haven't seen him since we graduated.
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Using it as っきり is more casual.
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## ばかり
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Means "only" or "nothing but", and can convey surprise or negative judgment depending on the context.
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Used with nouns and verbs.
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> [!info] Examples
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> この{国|くに}の{春|はる}は雨==ばかり==だ！
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> In this country, there's nothing but rain in spring.
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>
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> うちの{子供|こども}はテレビ==ばかり==見てる。
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> My child does nothing but watching TV.
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## ばかりで
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ ばかりで</p>
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</div>
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Used to say "only" with a negative meaning.
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> [!info] Examples
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> 彼は{有名|ゆうめい}な==ばかりで=={面白|おもしろ}くない。
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> He's only famous but not interesting.
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## ばかりでなく
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ ばかりでなく... (も)</p>
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</div>
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Means "not only A but also B".
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> [!info] Examples
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> 彼女は{綺麗|きれい}==ばかりでなく=={天才|てんさい}もあるです。
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> She's not only beautiful, she's also a genius.
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## に限らず (NEW!)
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に{限|かぎ}らず means "not only A, but also B".
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Used with nouns.
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> [!info] Examples
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> この{店|みせ}は{平日|へいじつ}==に限らず==、{週末|しゅうまつ}も{営業|えいぎょう}している。
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> This store is open not only on weekdays but also on weekends.
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## てばかりいる
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Means "only", "nothing but".
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Used with a verb in て form.
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> [!info] Examples
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> {僕|ぼく}の{犬|いぬ}は{鳴|な}け==てばかりいる==。
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> My dog is always barking.
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# TODO
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## でしかない (NEW!)
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TODO ask nuance
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Means "nothing but" or "no more than". More often than not conveys a negative nuance.
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Used with nouns.
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> [!info] Examples
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> {彼|かれ}は{子供|こども}==でしかない==。
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> He nothing more than a child.
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## に過ぎない (ni suginai)
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TODO ask nuance
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TODO all
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でしかない similar (check in the handbook)
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Meaning: no more than; just; merely; only ~. This is used to emphasize that something is of a lower quality / quantity / level.
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Category: amount?
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https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e9%81%8e%e3%81%8e%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84-ni-suginai-meaning/
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https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84
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