4.0 KiB
Only, just
だけ
Means "only", "just".
[!info] Example {一|ひと}つ==だけ==ください。 Only one, please.
だけでなく
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な・である
N (である)
+ だけでなく(て) ... (も)
Means "not only A but also B". Can also be used as だけではなく.
[!info] Example この{都市|とし}は大きい==だけでなく==、きれいでもある。 This city is not only big, it's also pretty.
のみ (NEW!)
It is a more formal, written version of だけ. It is only used with nouns.
[!info] Example この{道|みち}は{歩行者|ほこうしゃ}==のみ==です。 This road is pedestrian only.
きり
V (た)
N
+ きり・っきり
Used with verbs and nouns, it indicates a cutting off point.
[!info] Example {一人|ひとり}==きり==で{住|す}んでいます。 I live alone.
Used with a noun, it means "only".
[!info] Example このバスで{一度|いちど}==きり=={乗|の}った。 I only rode this bus once.
Used with a verb, it means "since", "after", "even since".
[!info] Example {彼|かれ}は{卒業|そつぎょう}した==きり=={見|み}なかった。 I haven't seen him since we graduated.
Using it as っきり is more casual.
ばかり
Means "only" or "nothing but", and can convey surprise or negative judgment depending on the context. Used with nouns and verbs.
[!info] Examples この{国|くに}の{春|はる}は雨==ばかり==だ！ In this country, there's nothing but rain in spring.
うちの{子供|こども}はテレビ==ばかり==見てる。 My child does nothing but watching TV.
ばかりで
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
+ ばかりで
Used to say "only" with a negative meaning.
[!info] Examples 彼は{有名|ゆうめい}な==ばかりで=={面白|おもしろ}くない。 He's only famous but not interesting.
ばかりでなく
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N
+ ばかりでなく... (も)
Means "not only A but also B".
[!info] Examples 彼女は{綺麗|きれい}==ばかりでなく=={天才|てんさい}もあるです。 She's not only beautiful, she's also a genius.
に限らず (NEW!)
に{限|かぎ}らず means "not only A, but also B". Used with nouns.
[!info] Examples この{店|みせ}は{平日|へいじつ}==に限らず==、{週末|しゅうまつ}も{営業|えいぎょう}している。 This store is open not only on weekdays but also on weekends.
てばかりいる
Means "only", "nothing but". Used with a verb in て form.
[!info] Examples {僕|ぼく}の{犬|いぬ}は{鳴|な}け==てばかりいる==。 My dog is always barking.
TODO
でしかない (NEW!)
TODO ask nuance
Means "nothing but" or "no more than". More often than not conveys a negative nuance. Used with nouns.
[!info] Examples {彼|かれ}は{子供|こども}==でしかない==。 He nothing more than a child.
に過ぎない (ni suginai)
TODO ask nuance TODO all
でしかない similar (check in the handbook)
Meaning: no more than; just; merely; only ~. This is used to emphasize that something is of a lower quality / quantity / level. Category: amount?
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e9%81%8e%e3%81%8e%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84-ni-suginai-meaning/ https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84