Update Opposition - but - however.md

index.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The goal of this website is to be a synthesis of useful resources for my Japanes
 
 ## Sources
 
-Of course, since I'm _learning_ the language, I need to borrow what I write from different sources. So this website uses data from the websites listed here. I don't want any recognition of what is here! It's mostly a compilation of what people who are way better in this language have made before.
+Of course, since I'm _learning_ the language, I need to get inspired from different sources. So this website partly uses information from the websites listed here. I don't want any recognition of what is here! It's mostly a compilation of what people who are way better in this language have made before.
 
 * [Bunpro](https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points)
 * [JLPT Sensei](https://jlptsensei.com/#jlpt-grammar-lists)
@@ -46,8 +46,7 @@ In addition to those I cited, here are other resources I find useful.
 
 * [Jisho](https://jisho.org/), an online dictionary
 * [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org), for its sentences database
-* [Tangorin](https://tangorin.com/sentences), for its sentences database
 
 ## Any errors?
 
-If you find any error, please do contact me! You can find my website in the footer of any page of this website. Thanks!
+If you find any error, please do contact me! I wrote the examples by myself, so they might not be accurate. You can find my website in the footer of any page of this website. Thanks!

🔰 Grammar/Adverbs.md

@@ -68,14 +68,6 @@ Means "as if".
 > え、{中古|ちゅうこ}ですね。==まるで=={新規|しんき}の==よう==です。
 > Eh, it's second-hand? It looks like new.
 
-## むしろ
-
-Means "instead" or "rather".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==むしろ=={自転車|じてんしゃ}で行こうと思います。
-> I think I'd rather go by bike.
-
 ## もう
 
 Means "already".

🔰 Grammar/Can't help - doesn't matter.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Can't help - Doesn't matter
+# Can't help; doesn't matter
 
 ## Can't help
 

🔰 Grammar/Connectors - in order to.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# In order to
+# Connectors: in order to
 
 ## のに
 

🔰 Grammar/Considering - for - as.md

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# Considering - for - as
+
+## としては
+
+🛠 Todo: nuance.
+
+Means "as", "in the role of". The と particle implies a result.
+More used for objective judgments.
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {厳|きび}しいのに{先生|せんせい}==としては==あまり{良|よ}くない。
+> Because he is strict, he's not a very good teacher.
+
+## にしては
+
+🛠 Todo: nuance.
+
+Means "considering", "for". The に particle implies a simultaneous existence.
+More used to give personal opinions.
+Used with verbs and nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 田中さんは{父|ちち}==にしては=={最低|さいてい}です。
+> As a father, Tanaka-san is the worst.
+
+## としても
+
+🛠 Todo: nuance.
+
+Means "assuming", "even if".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 私==としても==出来ます。
+> I can do it as well.
+
+## にしても
+
+🛠 Todo: nuance.
+
+Means "even if", "even though".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> それ==にしても==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けてくください。
+> Still, please be careful.
+
+## "As": Gradual change
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V + (の)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ につれて・にしたがって・と共に・に伴って</p>
+</div>
+
+The four following forms have the same meaning of a gradual change:
+* につれて
+* にしたがって
+* と{共|とも}に
+* に{伴|とも}って
+
+It means that when when the first part of the sentence changes, the second part changes gradually as well.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {年|とし}をとる==につれて=={髪|かみ}を{抜|ぬ}けます。
+> As we get older, we lose hair.
+
+This example works with all forms.
+
+## につれて and にしたがって
+
+In both forms, the change is natural, and is not an intentional change. When the verb expresses gradual change, both can be used.
+につれて is more common and more used for personal actions.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {冬|ふゆ}が{地|ちか}づく==にしたがって・につれて=={気温|きおん}が{下|さ}がってきた。
+> As winter approaches, the temperatures have lowered.
+
+## にしたがって
+
+This form also has the meaning of "in accordance to". It doesn't express change. It is possible to talk about intention.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {歯医者|はいしゃ}==にしたがって=={毎日|まいにち}２{回|かい}{歯|は}を{磨|みが}く。
+> I brush my teeth twice a day as recommended by my dentist.
+
+## に伴って
+
+に{伴|ともな}って also has the meaning of a an instantaneous change: when the first part changes, the second part also changes instantly. The first part is the reason of it changing.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> オリンピックがある==に伴って=={交通費|こうつうひ}がねあが{値上|ねあ}がりしてしまった。
+> As the Olympics are held, transportations cost have increased.
+
+## と共に
+
+と{共|とも}に has 3 other meanings.
+
+### Almost at the same time
+
+It is also used for two actions that happens at approximately the same time. The two actions do not have to be related. They also don't have to be specifically about change.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {鳥|とり}は{鳴|な}き{声|ごえ}をする==と共に=={風|かぜ}が{吹|ふ}く。
+> The bird sings and the wind blows.
+
+### Together with
+
+It can also mean "together with". It is much more formal than {一緒|いっしょ}に.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {妻|つま}==と共に=={新|あたら}しい{人生|じんせい}を{始|はじ}めります。
+> I am starting a new life with my wife.
+
+### As well as, also
+
+It can also mean "as well as", "also".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> パンはチーズ==と共に==フランスに{人気|にんき}{食料|しょくりょう}です。
+> Bread, along with cheese, is a popular food in France.

🔰 Grammar/Description.md

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Means "you could say".
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > サッカーは{彼|かれ}の{得意|とくい}です。ほとんどサッカーのプロ==と言ってもいい==。
+> Soccer is his strong point. You could almost say he's a pro.
 
 ## がする
 

🔰 Grammar/Instead.md

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 # Instead
 
+## むしろ
+
+Means "instead" or "rather".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==むしろ=={自転車|じてんしゃ}で行こうと思います。
+> I think I'd rather go by bike.
+
 ## 代わりに
 
 <div class="usage">

🔰 Grammar/Listing.md

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ Means "also", "as well". Means that both N1 and N2 are true (and should share a
 ⚠ Despite using conditional form, it is not conditional in meaning.
 
 > [!info] Examples
-> {母|はは}はポルトガル{語|ご}もできればスペイン{語|ご}も{話|はな}せる。
+> {母|はは}はポルトガル{語|ご}==も==できれ==ば==スペイン{語|ご}==も=={話|はな}せる。
 > My mother can speak Portuguese as well as Spanish.
 
 ### 上に

🔰 Grammar/Obligation - なければ・ないと.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Obligation - なければ・ないと
+# Obligation: なければ・ないと
 
 ## Must
 

🔰 Grammar/Observation - hearsay.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Observation - Hearsay
+# Observation: hearsay
 
 ## んだって
 

🔰 Grammar/Observation - looking like.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Observation - Looking like
+# Observation: looking like
 
 ## よう
 

🔰 Grammar/Observation - tendency - feelings.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Observation - Tendency & feelings
+# Observation: tendency & feelings
 
 ## がる・がっている
 

🔰 Grammar/Opposition - although.md

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# Opposition: although
+
+## に反して
+
+に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
+> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
+
+## 割に
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 割に</p>
+</div>
+
+{割|わり}に means "considering A, B", "although".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> このマンションは{古|ふる}い==割に=={高|たか}いです。
+> This apartment is expensive considering how old it is.
+
+## ことは～が
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ が</p>
+</div>
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ が</p>
+</div>
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ が</p>
+</div>
+
+⚠ It must be the same verb or adjective at both end!
+
+Means "although".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {勉強|べんきょう}する==ことは==する==が==、まだ{下手|へた}です。
+> Although I study everyday, I'm still bad at it.
+
+## といっても
+
+Means "although". Puts a nuance to the first statement describing that it is not as much as imagined, and adds a complimentary information.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {彼|かれ}は{医者|いしゃ}==といっても==、あまり{頭|あたま}が{良|よ}くない。
+> He may be a doctor, but he is not very smart.
+
+## に対して
+
+に{対|たい}して.
+See [[Towards#In contrast to]].

🔰 Grammar/Opposition - but - however.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Opposition: but, however
+
+## が
+
+Between two sentences, it has the meaning of "but".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> この{建物|たてもの}は大きいです==が==、トイレは{一|ひと}つだけあります。
+> This building is huge but has only one toilet.
+
+## でも
+
+This is the basic way to say "but".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> コンビニに行きました。==でも==、何も買わなかった。
+> I went to the convenience store. But I didn't buy anything.
+
+⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
+
+## しかし
+
+This is similar to でも, meaning "however", but usually more formal and most commonly found in written form.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {戦争|せん|そう}は{悪|わる}いこと。==しかし==、{人類|じん|るい}はいつも{戦|たたか}っています
+> War is bad. However, humanity is always fighting.
+
+## けど・けれども
+
+Means "but". Contrary to でも (which is more stand-alone), this links two clauses. The second clause can also be implicit and not said.
+けれども is more formal than けど. 
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {外|そと}は{暑|あつ}い==けど==行きたい。
+> It's hot outside but I'd still like to go.
+
+It can also be used to soften your assertion.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {明日|あした}に行きたい==けど==。
+> I'd like to go tomorrow... (but I don't want to cause any inconvenience).
+
+## 「ん・の」「だけど・ですけど」
+
+Means "but", "however". 
+の is more formal than ん, and ですけど is more formal than だけど.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {手伝|てつだ}いたい==んですけど=={暇|ひま}はない。
+> I'd like to help but I don't have time.
+
+## Summing up
+
+🛠 Todo.

🔰 Grammar/Opposition - even if.md

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-# Connectors: even if, even though
+# Opposition: even if, even though
+
+## て-form: even if
+
+See [[TeF (4) - even if]].
 
 ## のに
 
@@ -31,52 +35,6 @@ Means "despite", "even tough". Has a negative connotation.
 > {掃除|そうじ}すると言った==くせに==、まだ{汚|きたな}いよ。
 > You said you would clean it up, but it's still dirty.
 
-## として
-as; in the role of ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a8%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6-toshite-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6
-
-## にしては
-
-Means "considering". The nuance is that 
-Used with verbs and nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
->
-
-for; considering it’s (something or someone)
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%af-ni-shite-wa-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF
-
-## にしても
-
-Means "even if", "even though".
-🛠 nuance?
-
-> [!info] Example
-> それ==にしても==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けてくください。
-> Still, please be careful.
-
-## さえ (nouns)
-
-🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠
-Means "even".
-Can be emphasized by used でさえ, and reemphasized with でさえも.
-Used with a noun.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 
-
-## さえ (verbs)
-
-🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠
-even; so much as; not even
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%95%e3%81%88-sae-%e3%81%a7%e3%81%95%e3%81%88%e3%82%82-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%95%E3%81%88
-
 ## たとえ～ても
 
 <div class="usage">
@@ -108,7 +66,6 @@ Means "even if X is the case". Used to present possibilities.
 </div>
 
 Means "even if", "even though".
-🛠 nuance?
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {今|いま}で行==ったって==、{間|ま}に{合|あ}わない。
@@ -142,7 +99,20 @@ It is used to talk about an unexpected result, that is contradictory to the prec
 > {自転車|じてんしゃ}の{乗|の}り{方|かた}を{忘|わす}れるはありえないと{思|おも}っていた。==ところが==すっかり{忘|わす}れた。
 > I thought it was impossible to forget how to ride a bike. However, I completely forgot.
 
+## ながらも
+
+Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else.
+See also [[Time#ながら]].
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
+> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
+
+## 「と・に」しても
+
+See [[Considering - for - as#としても]].
+See [[Considering - for - as#にしても]].
+
 ## Summing up
 
 🛠 Todo.
-See also [[TeF (4) - even if]].

🔰 Grammar/Opposition.md

@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-# Opposition
-
-## が
-
-Between two sentences, it has the meaning of "but".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この{建物|たてもの}は大きいです==が==、トイレは{一|ひと}つだけあります。
-> This building is huge but has only one toilet.
-
-## でも
-
-This is the basic way to say "but".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> コンビニに行きました。==でも==、何も買わなかった。
-> I went to the convenience store. But I didn't buy anything.
-
-⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
-
-## しかし
-
-This is similar to でも, meaning "however", but usually more formal and most commonly found in written form.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {戦争|せん|そう}は{悪|わる}いこと。==しかし==、{人類|じん|るい}はいつも{戦|たたか}っています
-> War is bad. However, humanity is always fighting.
-
-## けど・けれども
-
-Contrary to でも (which is more stand-alone), this links two clauses. The second clause can also be implicit and not said.
-けれども is more formal than けど. 
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {外|そと}は{暑|あつ}い==けど==行きたい。
-> It's hot outside but I'd still like to go.
-
-It can also be used to soften your assertion.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {明日|あした}に行きたい==けど==。
-> I'd like to go tomorrow... (but I don't want to cause any inconvenience).
-
-## (ん・の)(だけど・ですけど)
-
-Means "but", "however". 
-の is more formal than ん, and ですけど is more formal than だけど.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {手伝|てつだ}いたい==んですけど=={暇|ひま}はない。
-> I'd like to help but I don't have time.
-
-## に反して
-
-に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
-> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
-
-## ながらも
-
-Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else.
-See also [[Time#ながら]].
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
-> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
-
-## 割に
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 割に</p>
-</div>
-
-{割|わり}に means "considering A, B", "although".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> このマンションは{古|ふる}い==割に=={高|たか}いです。
-> This apartment is expensive considering how old it is.
-
-## ことは～が
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ が</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ が</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ が</p>
-</div>
-
-⚠ It must be the same verb or adjective at both end!
-
-Means "although".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {勉強|べんきょう}する==ことは==する==が==、まだ{下手|へた}です。
-> Although I study everyday, I'm still bad at it.
-
-## といっても
-
-Means "although". Puts a nuance to the first statement describing that it is not as much as imagined, and adds a complimentary information.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {彼|かれ}は{医者|いしゃ}==といっても==、あまり{頭|あたま}が{良|よ}くない。
-> He may be a doctor, but he is not very smart.
-
-## に対して
-
-に{対|たい}して.
-See [[Towards#In contrast to]].
-
-## Summing up
-
-🛠 Todo.

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - expectation.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Possibility - expectation
+# Possibility: expectation
 
 ## きっと
 

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - impossibility.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Possibility - Impossibility
+# Possibility: impossibility
 
 ### とても～ない
 

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - no choice.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Possibility - No choice
+# Possibility: no choice
 
 ## しかない
 

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - wish.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Possibility - Wish
+# Possibility: wish
 
 ## ぜひ
 

🔰 Grammar/Question.md

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Means "I wonder", "should I?". かな is a neutral form, while かしら sounds
 
 > [!info] Example
 > この{帽子|ぼうし}を{被|かぶ}ろう==かな==。
+> Should I wear this hat?
 
 ## かい
 

🔰 Grammar/Request.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Means "is it alright if?", "may I?".
 > ここに{座|すわ}==てもいい==ですか。
 > May I sit here?
 
-A more polite way is ても構いません　(🛠 put link later).
+A more polite way is [[Can't help - doesn't matter#ても構わない]].
 
 ## ないでください
 

🔰 Grammar/Talking about.md

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ Used with nouns. Is used in formal language.
 > [!info] Example
 > {冬|ふゆ}==において=={雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}る。
 > Snow falls in winter.
+> 
+> 荒川==において=={花火|はなび}。
+> Fireworks held on Arakawa River.
 
 ## について
 

🔰 Grammar/Time - during.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Time - During
+# Time: during
 
 ## 間
 

🔰 Grammar/Time - finally.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Time - finally
+# Time: finally
 
 ## やっと
 

🔰 Grammar/Time - recently.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Time - recently
+# Time: recently
 
 ## さっき
 

🔰 Grammar/Time - regularity.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Time - Regularity
+# Time: regularity
 
 ## たびに
 

🔰 Grammar/Time - surprise.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Time - Surprise
+# Time: surprise
 
 ## 急に
 

🔰 Grammar/Towards.md

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Used with nouns.
 > Pokémon is a game centered around on Pokémon battles.
 > 
 > この{授業|じゅぎょう}は{漢字|かんじ}==を中心に=={習|なら}います。
+> This class focuses on learning kanjis.
 
 ## に対して
 

🔰 Grammar/Transformation.md

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Also means "the reason for A is B", "doing A is B".
 > このレストランで{一番|いち|ばん}{人気|にん|き}がある==のは=={寿司|すし}です。
 > The most popular dish in the restaurant is sushi.
 
-## くする: い-adjectives as adverbs
+## くする: い-adjective as adverb
 
 Replacing the い in a い-Adj by くする transforms it into an adverb.
 大きい (big) => 大きくする (make big).
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Replacing the い in a い-Adj by くする transforms it into an adverb.
 > エアコンを{点|つ}けると{空気|くう|き}が{寒|さむ}==くなる==。
 > When turning on the AC, the air becomes cold.
 
-## にする: な-adjectives as adverbs
+## にする: な-adjective as adverb
 
 Appending にする to a な-Adj transforms it into an adverb.
 {静|しず}かな (quiet) => 静かにする (make quiet).
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Appending にする to a な-Adj transforms it into an adverb.
 > {部屋|へや}をきれい==にして==ください。
 > Please clean the room (make the room cleaner).
 
-## がる・がっている: adjectives as verbs
+## がる・がっている: adjective as verb
 
 See [[Observation - tendency - feelings#がる・がっている]].
 

🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (2).md

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Used when the speaker tries to remember, or confirm an information, that has bee
 > {会議|かいぎ}は今日だった==っけ==。
 > Was the meeting today?
 
-### こそ
+## こそ
 
 Means "for sure". Used to emphasize words.
 Used with nouns.
@@ -76,6 +76,26 @@ Used with nouns.
 > {今年|ことし}==こそ=={日本|にほん}を{住|す}む。
 > This year, for sure I'll live in Japan.
 
+## さえ
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + で</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + </span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ さえ</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "even", "not even" (with negative verbs).
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {先生|せんせい}で==さえ==、この{曲|きょく}を{弾|ひ}くことは{難|むずか}しいです。
+> Even for my teacher, this composition is difficult to play.
+
+⚠ With conditional verbs, it means "only". See [[State#さえ～ば]].
+
 ## Sentence ending
 
 At the end of a sentence, some particles can be added to put emphasis on a meaning.