3.9 KiB
Opposition
が
Between two sentences, it has the meaning of "but".
[!info] Example この{建物|たてもの}は大きいです==が==、トイレは{一|ひと}つだけあります。 This building is huge but has only one toilet.
でも
This is the basic way to say "but".
[!info] Example コンビニに行きました。==でも==、何も買わなかった。 I went to the convenience store. But I didn't buy anything.
⚠ Do not confuse with TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも.
しかし
This is similar to でも, meaning "however", but usually more formal and most commonly found in written form.
[!info] Example {戦争|せん|そう}は{悪|わる}いこと。==しかし==、{人類|じん|るい}はいつも{戦|たたか}っています War is bad. However, humanity is always fighting.
けど・けれども
Contrary to でも (which is more stand-alone), this links two clauses. The second clause can also be implicit and not said. けれども is more formal than けど.
[!info] Example {外|そと}は{暑|あつ}い==けど==行きたい。 It's hot outside but I'd still like to go.
It can also be used to soften your assertion.
[!info] Example {明日|あした}に行きたい==けど==。 I'd like to go tomorrow... (but I don't want to cause any inconvenience).
(ん・の)(だけど・ですけど)
Means "but", "however". の is more formal than ん, and ですけど is more formal than だけど.
[!info] Example {手伝|てつだ}いたい==んですけど=={暇|ひま}はない。 I'd like to help but I don't have time.
に反して
に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
[!info] Example {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。 Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
ながらも
Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else. See also Time#ながら.
[!info] Example {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。 Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
割に
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N + の
+ 割に
{割|わり}に means "considering A, B", "although".
[!info] Example このマンションは{古|ふる}い==割に=={高|たか}いです。 This apartment is expensive considering how old it is.
ことは～が
V
+ ことは +
V
+ が
い-Adj
+ ことは +
い-Adj
+ が
な-Adj + な
+ ことは +
な-Adj
+ が
⚠ It must be the same verb or adjective at both end!
Means "although".
[!info] Example {勉強|べんきょう}する==ことは==する==が==、まだ{下手|へた}です。 Although I study everyday, I'm still bad at it.
といっても
Means "although". Puts a nuance to the first statement describing that it is not as much as imagined, and adds a complimentary information.
[!info] Example {彼|かれ}は{医者|いしゃ}==といっても==、あまり{頭|あたま}が{良|よ}くない。 He may be a doctor, but he is not very smart.
に対して
に{対|たい}して. See Towards#In contrast to.
Summing up
🛠 Todo.