Update Opposition - but - however.md

.obsidian/app.json

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 {
   "alwaysUpdateLinks": true,
-  "showInlineTitle": false
+  "showInlineTitle": false,
+  "pdfExportSettings": {
+    "pageSize": "A4",
+    "landscape": false,
+    "margin": "0",
+    "downscalePercent": 100
+  }
 }

Conjugation/Conditional.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 	<p class="right">+ と</p>
 </div>
 
-Means "if" when a result is known or assumed to be true, aka a logical cause-effect relationship. Cannot be used if the result is uncertain. So it cannot be an intention, a request, a desire, an order, etc.
+Means "if", "whenever". Used when a result is known or assumed to be true, aka a logical cause-effect relationship. Cannot be used if the result is uncertain. So it cannot be an intention, a request, a desire, an order, etc.
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {急|いそ}いでない==と==、{遅刻|ちこく}に{着|つ}きます。
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ Means "if" when a result is known or assumed to be true, aka a logical cause-eff
 </div>
 
 Means "in the case that/of". The second part of the sentence is generally an opinion, a request or a suggestion.
-Adding の adds emphasis.
+Adding の adds emphasis. ならば can be used in more formal contexts.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> 車を使う==なら==、気を{付|つ}けて。
+> {車|くるま}を{使|つか}う==なら==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けて。
 > If you're using a car, be careful.
 
 ## たら
@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ Adding の adds emphasis.
 	<p class="right">+ ら</p>
 </div>
 
-Means "if" or "when". Describes a condition (the first action must be completed before the second action). Usually used for hypothetical situations. It is the main word used for conditional.
+Means "if" or "when". Describes a condition (the first action must be completed before the second action). Used for hypothetical situations and certain results. It is the main word used for conditional.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> 安==かったら==、買う。
+> {安|やす}==かったら==、{買|か}う。
 > (If / When) it's cheap, I'll buy it.
 
 ## 場合
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ Negative form:
 See Conjugation [[Basics]] for verbs (the う sound transforms the the corresponding え sound).
 
 Means "if". A conditional relationship without the cause-effect relationship of と.
+If A happens, then B. Situations must be hypothetical. Generally used for one-time results.
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > 雨が止==めれば==、店に行く。
@@ -169,12 +170,11 @@ Means "the more... the more". Used by repeating the same verb.
 
 ## Summing up
 
-🛠 Todo: complete this.
 * ==と== has a logical cause-effect relationship. Certain result.
 * ==なら== usually used for opinion, request, suggestion.
 * ==V-たら== describes a condition to be met for the result. Usually used for hypothetical situation.
 * ==場合== explains what to do in a described situation. More formal than V-たら.
-* ==V-ば== is a conditional relationship, close to V-たら.
+* ==V-ば== is a conditional relationship, close to V-たら. Used for hypothetical situations, generally for for one-time results.
 
 ## とすれば・としたら・とすると
 
@@ -195,3 +195,12 @@ Means "if we assume that A, B".
 > [!info] Example
 > {電車|でんしゃ}で行く==とすると==、２０{分|っぷん}かかるです。
 > If you were to go by train, it would take 20 minutes.
+
+## もし(も)
+
+Used with conditional forms ば, と, たら and ても (see [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]]).
+もしも puts more emphasis than もし.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==もし==ペットが{病気|びょうき}になったら、{動物|どうぶつ}{病院|びょういん}に行かなきゃ。
+> If you pet gets sick, you have to bring it to the veterinarian clinic.

Conjugation/TeF (2) - manner of doing.md

@@ -105,3 +105,12 @@ Means "not until".
 > 
 > {会合|かいごう}に{遅|おく}れてしまったが、{電話|でんわ}で{謝|あやま}==って済みました==。
 > I was late for a meeting, but I was able to apologize over the phone (thus solving the situation).
+
+## ている場合じゃない
+
+ている{場合|ばあい}(じゃない・ではない) means "this is no time to be doing". Tells the listener to stop doing what they are doing.
+Used with verbs in て form.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {夜|よる}ので、{歌|うた}え==ている場合じゃない==！
+> It's night, so it's no time to be singing!

index.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The goal of this website is to be a synthesis of useful resources for my Japanes
 
 ## Sources
 
-Of course, since I'm _learning_ the language, I need to borrow what I write from different sources. So this website uses data from the websites listed here. I don't want any recognition of what is here! It's mostly a compilation of what people who are way better in this language have made before.
+Of course, since I'm _learning_ the language, I need to get inspired from different sources. So this website partly uses information from the websites listed here. I don't want any recognition of what is here! It's mostly a compilation of what people who are way better in this language have made before.
 
 * [Bunpro](https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points)
 * [JLPT Sensei](https://jlptsensei.com/#jlpt-grammar-lists)
@@ -46,8 +46,7 @@ In addition to those I cited, here are other resources I find useful.
 
 * [Jisho](https://jisho.org/), an online dictionary
 * [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org), for its sentences database
-* [Tangorin](https://tangorin.com/sentences), for its sentences database
 
 ## Any errors?
 
-If you find any error, please do contact me! You can find my website in the footer of any page of this website. Thanks!
+If you find any error, please do contact me! I wrote the examples by myself, so they might not be accurate. You can find my website in the footer of any page of this website. Thanks!

🔰 Grammar/Adverbs.md

@@ -68,14 +68,6 @@ Means "as if".
 > え、{中古|ちゅうこ}ですね。==まるで=={新規|しんき}の==よう==です。
 > Eh, it's second-hand? It looks like new.
 
-## むしろ
-
-Means "instead" or "rather".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==むしろ=={自転車|じてんしゃ}で行こうと思います。
-> I think I'd rather go by bike.
-
 ## もう
 
 Means "already".

🔰 Grammar/Amount.md

@@ -54,3 +54,21 @@ Like くらい, it describes an approximate amount. It focuses on a limit being
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {地下鉄|ちかてつ}を{乗|の}るために、{死|し}ぬ==程=={走|はし}った。
+> In order to catch the subway, I ran to death.
+
+## 一度に
+
+{一度|いち|ど}に means "all at once".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> バスは==一度に==１００{人|にん}を{乗|の}せることができる。
+> A bus can carry 100 persons at a time.
+
+## ずつ
+
+Used with nouns that express a number or a counter, meaning "each", "at time".
+Used with {少|すこ}し, means "little by little".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ２{個|こ}==ずつ==ください。
+> I'll take two of each please.

🔰 Grammar/Amounts - frequency.md

@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@
 
 ## Never
 
-🛠
-ぜんぜん?
-{絶対|ぜったい}に?
-
 ### 決して～ない
 
 <div class="usage">
@@ -18,23 +14,15 @@
 </div>
 </div>
 
-{決|け}して~ない means "never".
+{決|け}して~ない means "never". Used with negative verbs.
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > 私は==決して=={夢|ゆめ}を{覚|おぼ}えません。
 > I never remember my dreams.
 
-### とても～ない
-
-Means "cannot". This form implies a strong impossibility. Used with negative verbs, often in potential form.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {苦|にが}い{食|たべ}べ{物|もの}は==とても==食べられ==ない==。
-> I cannot eat bitter food.
-
 ## Rarely
 
-### めったに～ない (5%)
+### めったに～ない
 
 <div class="usage">
 	<p class="r">めったに + </p>
@@ -49,16 +37,22 @@ Means "cannot". This form implies a strong impossibility. Used with negative ver
 	<p class="r">+ めったに</p>
 </div>
 
-Means "hardly", "rarely".
+Means "hardly", "rarely". Used with negative verbs.
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > {車|くるま}は==めったに=={運転|うんてん}し==ません==。
 > I rarely drive a car.
 
-### あまり (30%)
+### あまり
 
-🛠
-negative.
+Means "rarely".
+Used with negative verbs.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {最近|さいきん}{絵|え}を==あまり=={書|か}けない。
+> I haven't been able to draw much lately.
+
+## Unlikely
 
 ### そうもない・そうにない
 
@@ -71,24 +65,57 @@ Made by removing ます from a verb and adding そうもない・そうにない
 
 ## Sometimes
 
+### たまに
+
+Means "occasionally", "once in a while".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {彼女|かのじょ}は{抹茶|まっちゃ}を==たまに=={飲|の}む。
+> She occasionally drinks matcha.
+
 ### 時々
 
-🛠
-ときどき
-たまに
+{時々|ときどき} means "sometimes".
 
-## Usually
-
-🛠
-づつう
-ふだん
+> [!info] Examples
+> ==時々=={遊園地|ゆうえんち}に{行|い}く。
+> I sometimes go to amusement parks.
 
 ## Often
 
-🛠
-よく
-しょっちゅう
-たびたび
+### 度々
+
+{度々|たびたび} means "often", "frequently".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {私|わたし}の{彼女|かのじょ}は==度々=={遅|おく}れてきます。
+> My girlfriend is often late.
+
+### よく
+
+Means "often".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {最近|さいきん}、{数学|すうがく}の{練習|れんしゅう}{問題|もんだい}を==よく==やっています。
+> I have been doing a lot of math exercises lately.
+
+## Always
+
+### いつも
+
+Means "always", "every time".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {夏|なつ}の{時|とき}==いつも==アイスクリームを食べます。
+> I always eat ice cream in the summer.
+
+### ずっと
+
+Means "always", "continuously".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {蛇|へび}が==ずっと=={好|す}きだった。
+> I've always loved snakes.
 
 ### たものだ
 
@@ -98,8 +125,3 @@ Used with a verb in the past tense (た) by adding ものだ.
 > [!info] Examples
 > {子供|こども}のころはいつも{森|もり}で{遊|あそ}==んだものだ==。
 > I always played in the woods when I was a kid.
-
-## Always
-
-🛠
-いつも

🔰 Grammar/Amounts - quantification.md

@@ -139,16 +139,40 @@ Means "as much as possible". なるべく is a bit softer than できるだけ.
 
 ### あまり
 
-🛠🛠🛠🛠
-so much… that
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ あまり</p>
+</div>
 
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%82%e3%81%be%e3%82%8a-amari-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%82%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A
+Means "so much... that".
+Adjectives nominalized can be used as nouns. See [[Transformation#~さ adjective as noun]] and [[Transformation#~み adjective as noun]].
+
+> [!info] Example
+> おいしさの==あまり==、このレストラン{毎日|まいにち}行きたい。
+> The food is so delicious that I want to eat in this restaurant every day.
 
 ### あまりにも
 
-🛠🛠🛠🛠
-too much; so much… that; excessively ~
+<div class="usage">
+	<p class="iright">あまりに(も) + </p>
+<div class="ileft">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
 
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%82%e3%81%be%e3%82%8a%e3%81%ab%e3%82%82-amari-ni-mo-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%82%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB
+<div class="usage">
+	<p class="r">あまりの + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+Means "so much... that". A version of あまり that can also be used with adjectives.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {先生|せんせい}が==あまりに=={厳|きび}しくて、{私|わたし}は{泣|な}き{始|はじ}めった。
+> The teacher was so strict that I started to cry.

🔰 Grammar/Can't help - doesn't matter.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Can't help; doesn't matter
+
+## Can't help
+
+### ずにはいられない
+
+Means "can't help but do something".
+Made with a verb in the negative form (ない) without the ない ending and adding ずにはいられない. 
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {悲|かな}しいのでアイスクリーム食べ==ずには入れれない==。
+> I'm sad so I can't help but eat ice cream.
+
+### てしょうがない・てしかたがない
+
+Means can't be helped".
+See [[Amounts - quantification#てしょうがない・てしかたがない]].
+
+## Doesn't matter
+
+### ても構わない
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くて</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + で</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + で</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ もかまわない・もかまいません</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "it doesn't matter if", "I don't mind".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ここで{座|すわ}==っても構いません==か。
+> Would it be okay if I sit here?
+> 
+> ==かまわない==よ。
+> I don't mind.

🔰 Grammar/Certainty.md

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Certainty
 
-## Certain: に違いない
+## Certain
+
+### に違いない
 
 に{違|ちが}いない means "I'm certain that".
 
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@
 	<p class="right">+ わけがない</p>
 </div>
 
-Means that there is no way, "impossible". 🛠 nuance?
+Means that there is no way, "impossible".
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {全部|ぜんぶ}食べられる==わけがない==よ！
@@ -47,9 +49,11 @@ Means that there is no way, "impossible". 🛠 nuance?
 
 ### ようがない・ようもない
 
-~{様|よう}がない means that there is no way, "impossible". 🛠 nuance?
+🛠 Todo: understand the nuance between わけがない and ようがない.
+🛠 Todo: understand the nuance between ようがない and ようもない.
+
+~{様|よう}がない means that there is no way, "impossible".
 Works by removing ~ます from a verb and adding ようがない・ようもない.
-🛠 difference between ようがない and ようもない?
 
 > [!info] Example
 > もうこんな時間。帰り==ようがない==。
@@ -62,14 +66,3 @@ Usually at the start of a sentence, expresses surprise, about something that see
 > [!info] Example
 > ==まさか=={僕|ぼく}たちのチームが{負|ま}けた。
 > I cannot believe our team lost.
-
-
-
-
-# TODO
-
-## こそ
-
-for sure (emphasize preceding word); precisely; definitely ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%93%e3%81%9d-koso-meaning/

🔰 Grammar/Combination actions.md

@@ -114,20 +114,6 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
 > マラソンの{全部|ぜんぶ}を{走|はし}り==通した==。
 > He ran through the whole marathon.
 
-## ～込む
-🛠
-~{込|こ}む has 
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 
-
-to do something for a long time or to move something inside
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e8%be%bc%e3%82%80-%e3%81%93%e3%82%80-komu-meaning/
-https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/komu-compound-verbs/
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=31xnxSFUCiw
-https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/12b4dtj/%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%80_n3_grammar_what_even_is_this/
-
 ## ～直す
 
 ~{直|なお}す means to do something again.
@@ -143,3 +129,34 @@ https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/12b4dtj/%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%80_n3_gr
 > [!info] Example
 > この１３時間{飛行|ひこう}で{座|すわ}り==っぱなし==でした。
 > I sat the entire time on this 13 hours flight.
+
+## ～込む
+
+~{込|こ}む has multiple meanings depending on the verb. Sometimes it is idiomatic and so it cannot exactly be guessed. However, there are some broad categories.
+
+⚠ Depending on the context, verbs can fall into multiple categories!
+
+### Going into
+
+* If the verb describes a movement, adding 込む add the meaning of "into" (jumping => jumping into).
+* If the verb already has a notion of "into", it put emphasis into it. It could have a meaning like "completely into".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {海|うみ}に{飛|とび}び==込んだ==。
+> He jumped into the ocean.
+
+### Emphasis
+
+When the verb does not include physical movement, 込む can be used to put emphasis on certain verbs (deeply, a lot, etc).
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {猫|ねこ}が{眠|ねむ}り==込んでいます==。
+> The cat is fast asleep.
+
+### Repetition
+
+The last common meaning is for an action that is repeated until a point is reached. It can also be an action that is done for a long time.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {毎朝|まいあさ}5キロ{走|かし}り==込む==。
+> Every morning I go for a 5km run (emphasis on the fact that it is a long run).

🔰 Grammar/Connectors - in order to.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# In order to
+# Connectors: in order to
 
 ## のに
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ See [[Connectors#のに#In order to]].
 
 <div class="usage">
 <div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
 	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
 	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
 	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ See [[Connectors#のに#In order to]].
 	<p class="right">+ ため(に)</p>
 </div>
 
-Means "in order to".
+Means "in order to". Mostly used in writing.
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > {面接|めんせつ}の==ために==ヒゲを{剃|そ}らなきゃ。
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Can also mean "as a result of". Verbs are generally used in past tense.
 
 ## には
 
-Means "in order to", "for", "to".
+Means "in order to", "for", "to". Implies a implicit second part (in order to A... but not B).
 Used with verbs and nouns.
 
 > [!info] Examples
@@ -46,16 +46,18 @@ Can also mean "as for", "regarding".
 
 ## ように
 
-Means "in order to".
+Means "in order to". Implies that an effort is made or a goal to obtain.
 Used with verbs.
 
 > [!info] Examples
-> {泳|およ}ぐ==ように==、{水着|みずぎ}を{持|も}ってください。
-> Bring your swimsuit in order to swim.
+> １００メートルを{泳|およ}げる==ように==、毎週練習しなきゃ。
+> In order to swim 100m, I have to train every week.
 
 ## Summing up
 
-🛠 Todo!
+* ==のに== and ==ために== have the same meaning, but ために is usually more written than のに.
+* ==には== implies an implicit second part.
+* ==ように== implies an effort or an objective.
 
 ## てはいけないから・とはいけないから
 
@@ -65,25 +67,3 @@ Used with both a verb in て-form, and a verb in dictionary (る) with いけな
 > [!info] Examples
 > {遅|おく}れる==とはいけないから==、ちょっと{急|いそ}いでください。
 > In order not to be late, please hurry up a bit.
-
-
-
-
-🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠
-this should probably not be here
-
-## 上で
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 上で</p>
-</div>
-
-{上|うえ}で means "after", "upon". Shows a logical progression. Mostly used in formal situations.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {面接|めんせつ}の==上で==、{連絡|れんらく}します。
-> We will contact you after the interview.

🔰 Grammar/Considering - for - as.md

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# Considering - for - as
+
+## としては
+
+🛠 Todo: nuance.
+
+Means "as", "in the role of". The と particle implies a result.
+More used for objective judgments.
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {厳|きび}しいのに{先生|せんせい}==としては==あまり{良|よ}くない。
+> Because he is strict, he's not a very good teacher.
+
+## にしては
+
+🛠 Todo: nuance.
+
+Means "considering", "for". The に particle implies a simultaneous existence.
+More used to give personal opinions.
+Used with verbs and nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 田中さんは{父|ちち}==にしては=={最低|さいてい}です。
+> As a father, Tanaka-san is the worst.
+
+## としても
+
+🛠 Todo: nuance.
+
+Means "assuming", "even if".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 私==としても==出来ます。
+> I can do it as well.
+
+## にしても
+
+🛠 Todo: nuance.
+
+Means "even if", "even though".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> それ==にしても==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けてくください。
+> Still, please be careful.
+
+## "As": Gradual change
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V + (の)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ につれて・にしたがって・と共に・に伴って</p>
+</div>
+
+The four following forms have the same meaning of a gradual change:
+* につれて
+* にしたがって
+* と{共|とも}に
+* に{伴|とも}って
+
+It means that when when the first part of the sentence changes, the second part changes gradually as well.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {年|とし}をとる==につれて=={髪|かみ}を{抜|ぬ}けます。
+> As we get older, we lose hair.
+
+This example works with all forms.
+
+## につれて and にしたがって
+
+In both forms, the change is natural, and is not an intentional change. When the verb expresses gradual change, both can be used.
+につれて is more common and more used for personal actions.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {冬|ふゆ}が{地|ちか}づく==にしたがって・につれて=={気温|きおん}が{下|さ}がってきた。
+> As winter approaches, the temperatures have lowered.
+
+## にしたがって
+
+This form also has the meaning of "in accordance to". It doesn't express change. It is possible to talk about intention.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {歯医者|はいしゃ}==にしたがって=={毎日|まいにち}２{回|かい}{歯|は}を{磨|みが}く。
+> I brush my teeth twice a day as recommended by my dentist.
+
+## に伴って
+
+に{伴|ともな}って also has the meaning of a an instantaneous change: when the first part changes, the second part also changes instantly. The first part is the reason of it changing.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> オリンピックがある==に伴って=={交通費|こうつうひ}がねあが{値上|ねあ}がりしてしまった。
+> As the Olympics are held, transportations cost have increased.
+
+## と共に
+
+と{共|とも}に has 3 other meanings.
+
+### Almost at the same time
+
+It is also used for two actions that happens at approximately the same time. The two actions do not have to be related. They also don't have to be specifically about change.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {鳥|とり}は{鳴|な}き{声|ごえ}をする==と共に=={風|かぜ}が{吹|ふ}く。
+> The bird sings and the wind blows.
+
+### Together with
+
+It can also mean "together with". It is much more formal than {一緒|いっしょ}に.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {妻|つま}==と共に=={新|あたら}しい{人生|じんせい}を{始|はじ}めります。
+> I am starting a new life with my wife.
+
+### As well as, also
+
+It can also mean "as well as", "also".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> パンはチーズ==と共に==フランスに{人気|にんき}{食料|しょくりょう}です。
+> Bread, along with cheese, is a popular food in France.

🔰 Grammar/Description.md

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Means "you could say".
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > サッカーは{彼|かれ}の{得意|とくい}です。ほとんどサッカーのプロ==と言ってもいい==。
+> Soccer is his strong point. You could almost say he's a pro.
 
 ## がする
 

🔰 Grammar/Exception.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Exception
+
+## は別として
+
+は{別|べつ}として means "aside from", "whether or not".
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {虫|むし}==は別として==、{今日|きょう}は{楽|たの}しかった。
+> Aside from the insects, today was fun.
+
+With verbs and adjectives, かどうか is placed before.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {勝|かつ}かどうか==は別として==、{試合|しあい}をやってみたい。
+> Whether we win or not, I want to play the game.
+

🔰 Grammar/Experience.md

@@ -7,3 +7,12 @@ Used with past verbs to talk about things experienced before.
 > [!info] Example
 > 日本に行==ったことがあるですか==。
 > Have you ever been to Japan?
+
+## に慣れる
+
+に{慣|な}れる means "to be used to".
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {自転車|じてんしゃ}{通勤|つうきん}==に慣れました==。
+> I got used to commute by bicycle.

🔰 Grammar/Instead.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Instead
+
+## むしろ
+
+Means "instead" or "rather".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==むしろ=={自転車|じてんしゃ}で行こうと思います。
+> I think I'd rather go by bike.
+
+## 代わりに
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 代わりに</p>
+</div>
+
+{代|か}わりに means "instead of", "in exchange for". Generally used about things.
+Does not have a notion of replacing in a temporal transition, more like a one off occurrence.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {今朝|けさ}{自転車|じてんしゃ}の==代わりに=={地下鉄|ちかてつ}で行きました。
+> I took the train this morning instead of biking.
+
+## にかわって・にかわり
+
+Means "instead of". Generally used about persons.
+Also has a notion of "taking over" as in replacing in a temporal transition.
+にかわり is more formal than にかわって.
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {私|わたし}==に代わって=={妹|いもうと}が{行|い}った。
+> My sister went in my behalf.

🔰 Grammar/Listing.md

@@ -138,18 +138,59 @@ It can be used to emphasize something when used at the end of a sentence.
 
 ### も～ば～も
 
-and; also; as well; either/or; neither/nor
+<div class="usage">
+	<p class="iright">N1 + も + </p>
+<div class="ileft">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (ば)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> ければ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + なら</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + なら</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ N2 + も</p>
+</div>
 
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%82%82%ef%bd%9e%e3%81%b0%ef%bd%9e%e3%82%82-mobamo-meaning/
+Means "also", "as well". Means that both N1 and N2 are true (and should share a connection).
+⚠ Despite using conditional form, it is not conditional in meaning.
 
-### 上に（うえに）
+> [!info] Examples
+> {母|はは}はポルトガル{語|ご}==も==できれ==ば==スペイン{語|ご}==も=={話|はな}せる。
+> My mother can speak Portuguese as well as Spanish.
 
-as well; besides; in addition to; not only… but also ~
+### 上に
 
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e4%b8%8a%e3%81%ab-ue-ni-meaning/
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 上(に)</p>
+</div>
+
+{上|うえ}に means "and also", "in addition", "as well". Used with similar qualities (positive with positive, negative with negative).
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> このスーパーは{高|たか}い==上に=={不便|ふべん}です。
+> This supermarket is expensive as well as inconvenient.
 
 ### はもちろん
 
-not to mention; not only ... but also ~
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ はもちろん + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">phrase</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ も・さえ</p>
+</div>
 
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%af%e3%82%82%e3%81%a1%e3%82%8d%e3%82%93-wa-mochiron-meaning/
+Means "not only but also", "not to mention".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> このゲームセンターにはゲーム==はもちろん==ボウリングもあります。
+> This game center not only has games but also bowling.

🔰 Grammar/Means.md

@@ -65,3 +65,24 @@ Used with a noun.
 > 
 > 台風==により==、出かけられない。
 > Because of the typhoon, I cannot go out.
+
+## とおりに
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">V (る・た)</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ とおりに</p>
+</div>
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ のとおりに・どおりに</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "just as", "precisely". Can be written as 通り.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {計画|けいかく}==どおり=={間|ま}に{合|あ}った。
+> We arrived on time as planned.

🔰 Grammar/Obligation - なければ・ないと.md

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Obligation: なければ・ないと
+
+## Must
+
+### なくちゃ・なきゃ
+
+Only used on casual spoken conversations.
+This form is used with the negative form of a verb (ない), and adding なくちゃ and optionally one of the following ending: だめ, いけない, いけません, ならない, なりません.
+
+なくちゃ is the shortened form of なくては.
+なきゃ is the shortened form of なければ.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {歯|は}を{磨|みが}か==なくちゃいけない==。
+> I must brush my teeth.
+
+### なくては「いけない・ならない」
+
+Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 今{遅|おそ}いね。{寝|ね}に行か==なくてはいけない==。
+> It's late now. I have to go to sleep.
+
+### なければ「いけない・ならない」
+
+Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {事務所|じむしょ}では{静|しず}かにし==なければならない==。
+> You have to be quiet in the office.
+
+### ないといけない
+
+Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
+In casual contexts, can be shortened as ないと.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 今日は{勉強|べんきょう}し==ないといけない==。
+> I have to study today.
+
+## Must not
+
+#### 「ちゃ・じゃ」「だめ・いけない・いけません」
+
+Only used on casual spoken conversations. いけません is a bit more formal.
+This form is used with a V-て, depending on the ending:
+* with て, ちゃ is used.
+* with で, じゃ is used.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> その{花|はな}を食べ==ちゃだめ==。
+> Don't eat those flowers.
+> 
+> {花瓶|か|びん}の水を{飲|の}ん==じゃいけない==。
+> Don't drink the water of the flower vase.
+
+### てはいけない
+
+Used in a more formal or written manner. Used with a V-て.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {鉄道|てつ|どう}に{歩|ある}い==てはいけません==。
+> Do not walk on the railroad.
+
+## Comparing いけない and ならない
+
+* ==いけない== is the standardly used form. It implies a subjective view, that it would be better to do something, to avoid negative consequences (eg: brushing one's teeth, eating well, etc).
+* ==ならない== is usually more formal or in written form. It implies a is more objective view, something that has to be done because there's no other way (eg: respecting the law, paying taxes, etc).
+
+## Comparing なくては, なければ and ないと
+
+なくては and なければ are generally interchangeable in speech. However:
+* ==なくては== is generally used when there is _no penalty_ for not complying.
+* ==なければ== is generally used when there _is a penalty_ for not complying.
+* ==ないと== is lighter and does not imply that there can or cannot be penalty. Its construction is based on the [[Conditional#と]] particle, and should be based on knowledge or experience.

🔰 Grammar/Obligation.md

@@ -26,63 +26,14 @@ Can be used as わけはいかない or わけにはいきません.
 > {本当|ほんとう}に飲み会に行く==わけにはいかない==よ。
 > There's really no way I can go to the afterwork.
 
-## ずにはいられない
+## なくてもいい
 
-Means "can't help but do something".
-Made with a verb in the negative form (ない) without the ない ending and adding ずにはいられない. 
+Means "don't have to". Used with a verb in the negative form (ない), appending なくてもいい.
+Can also be used as なくていい.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {悲|かな}しいのでアイスクリーム食べ==ずには入れれない==。
-> I'm sad so I can't help but eat ice cream.
-
-## Must
-
-### なくちゃ・なきゃ
-
-Only used on casual spoken conversations.
-This form is used with the negative form of a verb (ない), and adding なくちゃ and optionally one of the following ending: だめ, いけない, いけません, ならない, なりません.
-
-なくちゃ is the shortened form of なくては.
-なきゃ is the shortened form of なければ.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {歯|は}を{磨|みが}か==なくちゃいけない==。
-> I must brush my teeth.
-
-### なくては「いけない・ならない」
-
-Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 今{遅|おそ}いね。{寝|ね}に行か==なくてはいけない==。
-> It's late now. I have to go to sleep.
-
-### なければ「いけない・ならない」
-
-Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {事務所|じむしょ}では{静|しず}かにし==なければならない==。
-> You have to be quiet in the office.
-
-### ないといけない
-
-Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
-In casual contexts, can be shortened as ないと.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 今日は{勉強|べんきょう}し==ないといけない==。
-> I have to study today.
-
-## べきだ
-
-Means "should do", "must do".
-Used with verbs.
-する can be used as するべき or すべき.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {来週|らいしゅう}{試験|しけん}があるので{勉強|べんきょう}す==べきです==。
-> There is an exam next week, so I should study.
+> 今日はレストランで{手伝|て|つ}わ==なくてもいい==。
+> You don't have to help out at the restaurant today (it's okay if you don't help at the restaurant today).
 
 ## てからでないと
 
@@ -93,56 +44,66 @@ Used with a verb in て form, with からでないと or からでないけれ
 > {払|はら}==ってからでないと=={入|はい}るができること。
 > You can enter only after paying.
 
+## こと as "should do"
 
-🛠🛠🛠🛠
-Todo: new notions!
+### こと
 
-### Comparing いけない and ならない
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ こと</p>
+</div>
 
-* ==いけない== is the standardly used form. It implies a subjective view, that it would be better to do something, to avoid negative consequences (eg: brushing one's teeth, eating well, etc).
-* ==ならない== is usually more formal or in written form. It implies a is more objective view, something that has to be done because there's no other way (eg: respecting the law, paying taxes, etc).
+Means "should do". Mostly used to set rules.
 
-### Comparing なくては, なければ and ないと
+> [!info] Example
+> ここに{車|くるま}を{止|と}めない==こと==です。
+> Don't park your car here.
 
-なくては and なければ are generally interchangeable in speech. However:
-* ==なくては== is generally used when there is _no penalty_ for not complying.
-* ==なければ== is generally used when there _is a penalty_ for not complying.
-* ==ないと== is lighter and does not imply that there can or cannot be penalty. Its construction is based on the [[Conditional#と]] particle, and should be based on knowledge or experience.
+### ことになっている
 
-## Must not
-
-#### 「ちゃ・じゃ」「だめ・いけない・いけません」
-
-Only used on casual spoken conversations. いけません is a bit more formal.
-This form is used with a V-て, depending on the ending:
-* with て, ちゃ is used.
-* with で, じゃ is used.
+This form is used to express rules or expectations.
+Used with dictionary (る) and negative (ない) form of verbs.
 
 > [!info] Examples
-> その{花|はな}を食べ==ちゃだめ==。
-> Don't eat those flowers.
-> 
-> {花瓶|か|びん}の水を{飲|の}ん==じゃいけない==。
-> Don't drink the water of the flower vase.
+> {指|ゆび}で食べない==ことになっている==。
+> You're not supposed to eat with your fingers.
 
-### てはいけない
+### ことはない
 
-Used in a more formal or written manner. Used with a V-て.
+This has two meanings:
+* it is not necessary to
+* it never happens
+
+Used with a verb in the dictionary form.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {鉄道|てつ|どう}に{歩|ある}い==てはいけません==。
-> Do not walk on the railroad.
+> {走|はし}る==ことはない==。まだ{時間|じかん}がある。
+> There's no need to run. There's still time.
 
-### なくてもいい
+## 必ず
 
-Means "don't have to". Used with a verb in the negative form (ない), appending なくてもいい.
-Can also be used as なくていい.
+{必|かなら}ず means certainly, definitely. Expresses an obligation.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> 今日はレストランで{手伝|て|つ}わ==なくてもいい==。
-> You don't have to help out at the restaurant today (it's okay if you don't help at the restaurant today).
+> 明日の{授業|じゅ|ぎょう}==必ず==来てください。
+> Please be sure to attend tomorrow's class.
 
-## べきではない・べきじゃない
+## べき
+
+### べきだ
+
+Means "should do", "must do". Compared to the [[Obligation - なければ・ないと]] forms and 必ず, it has a nuance of being less universally logical. It is defined by the speaker's own logic.
+Used with verbs.
+する can be used as するべき or すべき.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {来週|らいしゅう}{試験|しけん}があるので{勉強|べんきょう}す==べきです==。
+> There is an exam next week, so I should study.
+
+### べきではない・べきじゃない
 
 The contrary of べきだ is べきではない・べきじゃない.
 
@@ -150,22 +111,23 @@ The contrary of べきだ is べきではない・べきじゃない.
 > {泥|どろ}を食べる==べきではない==。
 > You should not eat mud.
 
+## はずだ・はずがない
 
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ はずだ ・ はずがない</p>
+</div>
 
+はずだ means "it must/should be", while はずがない means "it cannot be". Has a nuance of being sure that it is something possible (or impossible).
 
-
-
-
-
-# TODO
-
-## ないと
-
-
-
-
-
-must do; unless/if you don't ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84%e3%81%a8-naito-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8
+> [!info] Examples
+> {彼|かれ}は今日来る==はずだ==。
+> He should be coming today.
+> 
+> そんあ==はずがありません==。
+> This cannot be true.

🔰 Grammar/Observation - hearsay.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Observation - Hearsay
+# Observation: hearsay
 
 ## んだって
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Can be used as ==ということだ== or ==とのことだ==. A more casual vers
 > {専門家|せん|もん|か}によると、{今年|ことし}の{夏|なつ}は{最高|さいこう}{暑|あつ}くなる==ということです==。
 > According to the experts, this summer will be the hottest ever.
 
-## Summing it up
+## Summing up
 
 * ==んだって== used for quotation, similar to って, when the information is new.
 * ==と聞いた== is used for something for something you heard from an identifiable speaker. Is mostly formal.
@@ -77,10 +77,11 @@ Can be used as ==ということだ== or ==とのことだ==. A more casual vers
 * ==そうだ== is used for hearsay and is casual.
 * ==ということだ== is used for hearsay, when the validity of the information is certain. More formal than そうだ.
 
-# TODO
+## によると・によれば
  
-## によると /によれば
+Means "according to".
+Used with nouns. With verbs, ところ is added before.
 
-according to ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%82%88%e3%82%8b%e3%81%a8-%e3%81%ab%e3%82%88%e3%82%8c%e3%81%b0-ni-yoru-to-ni-yoreba-meaning/
+> [!info] Examples
+> {天気予報|てんきよほう}==によると=={今日|きょう}は{雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}るようだ。
+> According to the weather forecast, it's supposed to snow today.

🔰 Grammar/Observation - looking like.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Observation - Looking like
+# Observation: looking like
 
 ## よう
 
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ This has the meaning of like, easy to, _-ish_. Makes a direct comparison with ce
 > 今日、{君|きみ}はちょっと{病気|びょうき}==気味==です。
 > You look a bit sick today.
 
-## Summing it up
+## Summing up
 
 * ==ようだ== is a formal way to say that it looks like, usually from direct observation. Used for logical assumptions.
 * ==そうだ== is used for things that are on the more subjective side.
@@ -206,10 +206,3 @@ This is used (unlike other forms that can apply to abstract similarities) exclus
 > [!info] Example
 > {彼女|かのじょ}はフランス人==に見える==。
 > She looks like she is French.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

🔰 Grammar/Observation - tendency - feelings.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Observation - Tendency & feelings
+# Observation: tendency & feelings
 
 ## がる・がっている
 

🔰 Grammar/Only - just.md

@@ -37,27 +37,26 @@ Can also be used as だけではなく.
 	<p class="right">+ きり・っきり</p>
 </div>
 
+Used with verbs and nouns, it indicates a cutting off point.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {一人|ひとり}==きり==で{住|す}んでいます。
+> I live alone.
+
 Used with a noun, it means "only".
 
 > [!info] Example
 > このバスで{一度|いちど}==きり=={乗|の}った。
+> I only rode this bus once.
 
 Used with a verb, it means "since", "after", "even since".
 
 > [!info] Example
-> 
+> {彼|かれ}は{卒業|そつぎょう}した==きり=={見|み}なかった。
+> I haven't seen him since we graduated.
 
 Using it as っきり is more casual.
 
-
-
-only; just; since; after ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%8d%e3%82%8a-kiri-meaning/
-https://japanesequizzes.com/all-about-japanese-particles-%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A-kiri/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A
-https://yasuwangblog.com/kkiri-en/
-
 ## ばかり
 
 Means "only" or "nothing but", and can convey surprise or negative judgment depending on the context.
@@ -105,29 +104,11 @@ Means "not only A but also B".
 > 彼女は{綺麗|きれい}==ばかりでなく=={天才|てんさい}もあるです。
 > She's not only beautiful, she's also a genius.
 
-## Summing it up
-
-"Only" can be said with:
-* ==だけ==
-* ==きり==
-* ==ばかり==
-
-"Not only" can be said with:
-* ==だけでなく==
-* ==ばかりでなく==
-
-differences => https://cotoacademy.com/how-to-say-only-just-in-japanese-dake-shika-nai-bakari-whats-the-difference/
-
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B
-
-https://www.reddit.com/r/Japaneselanguage/comments/1747tsd/difference_between_%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91_and_%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A/
-
-
-
-# TODO
-
 ## てばかりいる
 
-only; nothing but ~
+Means "only", "nothing but".
+Used with a verb in て form.
 
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a6%e3%81%b0%e3%81%8b%e3%82%8a%e3%81%84%e3%82%8b-te-bakari-iru-meaning/
+> [!info] Examples
+> {僕|ぼく}の{犬|いぬ}は{鳴|な}け==てばかりいる==。
+> My dog is always barking.

🔰 Grammar/Opposition - although.md

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# Opposition: although
+
+## に反して
+
+に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
+> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
+
+## 割に
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 割に</p>
+</div>
+
+{割|わり}に means "considering A, B", "although".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> このマンションは{古|ふる}い==割に=={高|たか}いです。
+> This apartment is expensive considering how old it is.
+
+## ことは～が
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ が</p>
+</div>
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ が</p>
+</div>
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ が</p>
+</div>
+
+⚠ It must be the same verb or adjective at both end!
+
+Means "although".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {勉強|べんきょう}する==ことは==する==が==、まだ{下手|へた}です。
+> Although I study everyday, I'm still bad at it.
+
+## といっても
+
+Means "although". Puts a nuance to the first statement describing that it is not as much as imagined, and adds a complimentary information.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {彼|かれ}は{医者|いしゃ}==といっても==、あまり{頭|あたま}が{良|よ}くない。
+> He may be a doctor, but he is not very smart.
+
+## に対して
+
+に{対|たい}して.
+See [[Towards#In contrast to]].

🔰 Grammar/Opposition - but - however.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Opposition: but, however
+
+## が
+
+Between two sentences, it has the meaning of "but".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> この{建物|たてもの}は大きいです==が==、トイレは{一|ひと}つだけあります。
+> This building is huge but has only one toilet.
+
+## でも
+
+This is the basic way to say "but".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> コンビニに行きました。==でも==、何も買わなかった。
+> I went to the convenience store. But I didn't buy anything.
+
+⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
+
+## しかし
+
+This is similar to でも, meaning "however", but usually more formal and most commonly found in written form.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {戦争|せん|そう}は{悪|わる}いこと。==しかし==、{人類|じん|るい}はいつも{戦|たたか}っています
+> War is bad. However, humanity is always fighting.
+
+## けど・けれども
+
+Means "but". Contrary to でも (which is more stand-alone), this links two clauses. The second clause can also be implicit and not said.
+けれども is more formal than けど. 
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {外|そと}は{暑|あつ}い==けど==行きたい。
+> It's hot outside but I'd still like to go.
+
+It can also be used to soften your assertion.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {明日|あした}に行きたい==けど==。
+> I'd like to go tomorrow... (but I don't want to cause any inconvenience).
+
+## 「ん・の」「だけど・ですけど」
+
+Means "but", "however". 
+の is more formal than ん, and ですけど is more formal than だけど.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {手伝|てつだ}いたい==んですけど=={暇|ひま}はない。
+> I'd like to help but I don't have time.
+
+## Summing up
+
+🛠 Todo.

🔰 Grammar/Opposition - even if.md

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-# Connectors: even if, even though
+# Opposition: even if, even though
+
+## て-form: even if
+
+See [[TeF (4) - even if]].
 
 ## のに
 
@@ -31,52 +35,6 @@ Means "despite", "even tough". Has a negative connotation.
 > {掃除|そうじ}すると言った==くせに==、まだ{汚|きたな}いよ。
 > You said you would clean it up, but it's still dirty.
 
-## として
-as; in the role of ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a8%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6-toshite-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6
-
-## にしては
-
-Means "considering". The nuance is that 
-Used with verbs and nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
->
-
-for; considering it’s (something or someone)
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%af-ni-shite-wa-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF
-
-## にしても
-
-Means "even if", "even though".
-🛠 nuance?
-
-> [!info] Example
-> それ==にしても==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けてくください。
-> Still, please be careful.
-
-## さえ (nouns)
-
-🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠
-Means "even".
-Can be emphasized by used でさえ, and reemphasized with でさえも.
-Used with a noun.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 
-
-## さえ (verbs)
-
-🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠
-even; so much as; not even
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%95%e3%81%88-sae-%e3%81%a7%e3%81%95%e3%81%88%e3%82%82-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%95%E3%81%88
-
 ## たとえ～ても
 
 <div class="usage">
@@ -108,7 +66,6 @@ Means "even if X is the case". Used to present possibilities.
 </div>
 
 Means "even if", "even though".
-🛠 nuance?
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {今|いま}で行==ったって==、{間|ま}に{合|あ}わない。
@@ -142,7 +99,20 @@ It is used to talk about an unexpected result, that is contradictory to the prec
 > {自転車|じてんしゃ}の{乗|の}り{方|かた}を{忘|わす}れるはありえないと{思|おも}っていた。==ところが==すっかり{忘|わす}れた。
 > I thought it was impossible to forget how to ride a bike. However, I completely forgot.
 
+## ながらも
+
+Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else.
+See also [[Time#ながら]].
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
+> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
+
+## 「と・に」しても
+
+See [[Considering - for - as#としても]].
+See [[Considering - for - as#にしても]].
+
 ## Summing up
 
 🛠 Todo.
-See also [[TeF (4) - even if]].

🔰 Grammar/Opposition.md

@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-# Opposition
-
-## が
-
-Between two sentences, it has the meaning of "but".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この{建物|たてもの}は大きいです==が==、トイレは{一|ひと}つだけあります。
-> This building is huge but has only one toilet.
-
-## でも
-
-This is the basic way to say "but".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> コンビニに行きました。==でも==、何も買わなかった。
-> I went to the convenience store. But I didn't buy anything.
-
-## しかし
-
-This is similar to でも, meaning "however", but usually more formal and most commonly found in written form.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {戦争|せん|そう}は{悪|わる}いこと。==しかし==、{人類|じん|るい}はいつも{戦|たたか}っています
-> War is bad. However, humanity is always fighting.
-
-## けど・けれども
-
-けれども is more formal than けど. Contrary to でも (which is more stand-alone), this links two clauses. The second clause can also be implicit and not said.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {外|そと}は{暑|あつ}い==けど==行きたい。
-> It's hot outside but I'd still like to go.
-
-It can also be used to soften your assertion.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {明日|あした}に行きたい==けど==。
-> I'd like to go tomorrow... (but I don't want to cause any inconvenience).
-
-## (ん・の)(だけど・ですけど)
-
-🛠 what is the nuance?
-
-but; however; although; regarding ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a0%e3%81%91%e3%81%a9-dakedo-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9-%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%8C
-
-## に反して
-
-に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
-> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
-
-## ながらも
-
-Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else.
-See also [[Time#ながら]].
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
-> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
-
-## 割に
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 割に</p>
-</div>
-
-{割|わり}に means "considering A, B".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 
-
-considering ~; for ~; despite ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e5%89%b2%e3%81%ab-%e3%82%8f%e3%82%8a%e3%81%ab-wari-ni-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB
-
-
-🛠 check [[Connectors - even if]]
-lots of things are similar
-
-
-
-# TODO
-
-## といっても
-
-although I say; although one might say ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a8%e3%81%84%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6%e3%82%82-to-ittemo-meaning/

🔰 Grammar/Planning.md

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ This form is stronger than つもり. For a same sentence, the nuance could be a
 > 来年日本へ行く==予定==です。
 > I'm planning to go to Japan next year (I have my tickets).
 
-## Summing it up
+## Summing up
 
 * ==ようとおもう== expresses a thought about doing.
 * ==つもり== expresses an intention.

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - Obligation.md

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# Possibility - obligation
-
-## はずだ・はずがない
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ はずだ ・ はずがない</p>
-</div>
-
-はずだ means "it must/should be", while はずがない means "it cannot be".
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼|かれ}は今日来る==はずだ==。
-> He should be coming today.
-> 
-> そんあ==はずがありません==。
-> This cannot be true.
-
-## 必ず
-
-{必|かなら}ず means certainly, definitely. Expresses an obligation.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 明日の{授業|じゅ|ぎょう}==必ず==来てください。
-> Please be sure to attend tomorrow's class.

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - expectation.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Possibility - expectation
+# Possibility: expectation
 
 ## きっと
 

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - impossibility.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Possibility: impossibility
+
+### とても～ない
+
+Means "cannot". This form implies a strong impossibility. Used with negative verbs, often in potential form.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {苦|にが}い{食|たべ}べ{物|もの}は==とても==食べられ==ない==。
+> I cannot eat bitter food.

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - no choice.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Possibility: no choice
+
+## しかない
+
+Means "have no choice but".
+Used with verbs in dictionary form.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {説明書|せつめいしょ}を{読|よ}む==しかない==な。
+> I guess I have no choice but to read to manual.

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - wish.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Possibility - Wish
+# Possibility: wish
 
 ## ぜひ
 

🔰 Grammar/Possibility.md

@@ -8,6 +8,17 @@ Used to list one or more possible options.
 > ジュース==でも==お茶==でも==飲もうか。
 > Shall we drink something like a juice or tea?
 
+⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
+
+## か何か
+
+か{何|なに}か means "or something".
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ジュース==か何か=={飲|の}もうか。
+> Shall we drink something like a juice?
+
 ## かもしれない
 
 Express a possibility, like "perhaps".
@@ -84,30 +95,3 @@ This is used to give a choice between a limited set of two options. It is casual
 > [!info] Example
 > 何が食べたい。ラーメン==それとも==カレーか。
 > What do you want to eat? Ramen or curry?
-
-
-
-
-# TODO
-
-## じゃない
-maybe; most likely; confirmation of information; express surprise towards listener
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%98%e3%82%83%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84-janai-meaning/
-
-## か何か（かなにか）
-
-or something ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%8b%e4%bd%95%e3%81%8b-ka-nani-ka-meaning/
-
-
-
-## もしも～たら・なら・たなら
-
-🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠
-もしも〜たら
-if; in the case; supposing ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%82%82%e3%81%97%e3%82%82%e3%80%9c%e3%81%9f%e3%82%89-moshimo-tara-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%82%82%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%82%82%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82

🔰 Grammar/Question.md

@@ -17,6 +17,30 @@ It can also be used when there is uncertainty between two or more choices. It ca
 > 雨==か=={分|わ}かりません。
 > I don't know if it will rain.
 
+## かな・かしら
+
+Means "I wonder", "should I?". かな is a neutral form, while かしら sounds feminine.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> この{帽子|ぼうし}を{被|かぶ}ろう==かな==。
+> Should I wear this hat?
+
+## かい
+
+Using this particle, the sentences becomes a yes/no question. Very casual, masculine connotation.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 来るの==かい==。
+> Are you coming?
+
+## どうやって
+
+Means "how", "in what way".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> これを==どうやって==作れましたか。
+> How did you make this?
+
 ## Probably - right - isn't it?
 
 ### でしょう
@@ -64,27 +88,3 @@ This particle when added to the end of a sentence meaning "right?".
 * ==でしょう==・==だろう== expresses a probability or an assumption.
 * ==ではないか==・==じゃないか== invites or suggests an action.
 * ==ね== asks an agreement or a confirmation.
-
-## かな・かしら
-
-Means "I wonder", "should I?". かな is a neutral form, while かしら sounds feminine.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この{帽子|ぼうし}を{被|かぶ}ろう==かな==。
-
-## かい
-
-Using this particle, the sentences becomes a yes/no question. Very casual, masculine connotation.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 来るの==かい==。
-> Are you coming?
-
-## どうやって
-
-Means "how", "in what way".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> これを==どうやって==作れましたか。
-> How did you make this?
-

🔰 Grammar/Reason.md

@@ -24,6 +24,24 @@ It is more objective than から: it expresses a situation that exists, and that
 See [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because]].
 It is more subjective than ので: it expresses more personal needs/actions/opinions.
 
+## ことから
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ ことから</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "based on the fact that". Most formal than から, and puts an emphasis on it being true (objective information).
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {部屋|へや}から{音|おと}がある==ことから==、{誰|だれ}かいるはずです。
+> From the fact that there is sound coming from the room, someone must be there.
+
 ## んです・のです
 
 <div class="usage">
@@ -91,7 +109,7 @@ Means "for that reason", "because of".
 See also [[Connectors - in order to#ために]].
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {丸い日|まるいにち}{働|はたら}いていた、==そのために=={今|いま}{寝|ね}に行きます。
+> {丸|まる}い{日|にち}{働|はたら}いていた、==そのために=={今|いま}{寝|ね}に行きます。
 > I worked the whole day. For that reason, I'm going to bed.
 > 
 > {日本|にほん}に行きたい。==そのために==、{日本語|にほんご}をちゃんと{勉強|べんきょう}しています。
@@ -169,3 +187,5 @@ Means "this means", "known as", "because".
 > [!info] Example
 > {毎日|まいにち}{料理|りょうり}を{作|つく}るからうまくになった==わけだ==。
 > I got good at cooking because I cook every day.
+
+See also [[Certainty#わけがない]].

🔰 Grammar/Request.md

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ Means "is it alright if?", "may I?".
 > ここに{座|すわ}==てもいい==ですか。
 > May I sit here?
 
+A more polite way is [[Can't help - doesn't matter#ても構わない]].
+
 ## ないでください
 
 Means "please don't". It is a polite request. Removing the ください makes it more casual.

🔰 Grammar/Talking about.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## と言えば・と言うと
 
-と{言|い}えば・と{言|い}うこと means "speaking of".
+と{言|い}えば・と{言|い}うと means "speaking of".
 
 > [!info] Example
 > 日本==と言えば==、富士山です。
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ Used with nouns. Is used in formal language.
 > [!info] Example
 > {冬|ふゆ}==において=={雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}る。
 > Snow falls in winter.
+> 
+> 荒川==において=={花火|はなび}。
+> Fireworks held on Arakawa River.
 
 ## について
 
@@ -71,3 +74,30 @@ Used with nouns.
 > 
 > フランスの文化はパン==をはじめ==、ワインも{人気|にんき}です。
 > French culture is popular not only for bread, but also for wine.
+
+## にとって
+
+Means "concerning", "regarding". Focuses on the standpoint of the preceding part.
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 猫==にとって=={睡眠|すい|みん}は{大切|たいせつ}です。
+> Sleeping is important for cats.
+
+## なんか・なんて
+
+Means "such as", "things like". It is used to give examples or to show emphasis.
+なんか is more informal than なんて. Both are spoken form, while [[Listing#など]] is more written.
+なんて is used with all words, while なんか is used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> iPod==なんか=={古|ふる}いな{物|もの}です。
+> Things like iPod are old.
+
+## 例えば
+
+{例|たと}えば means "for example".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {虫|むし}が{好|すき}きです。==例えば=={蝉|せみ}です。
+> I like insect. For example, cicadas.

🔰 Grammar/Time - during.md

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+# Time: during
+
+## 間
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 間</p>
+</div>
+
+{間|あいだ} means "while" or "during". Used to express something that is done for the whole period of time.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 電車に{乗|の}っている==間==、ゲームをしてた。
+> While I was on the train, I was playing a game.
+
+Can also be used to talk about a distance between two physical places or the time between two things.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> １時から９じまでの==間==、{寝|ね}ます。
+> I sleep between 1AM and 9AM.
+
+## 間に
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual, non-past)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 間に</p>
+</div>
+
+A first meaning is similar to {間|あいだ} (while), but with intentionality.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 電車に{乗|の}った==間に==、本を読みました。
+> While I was on the train, I read a book.
+
+A second meaning is a statement of something that happened during a time period, independently of your actions.
+Contrary to 間, it doesn't include the whole time period. So 間に means that at a point during the time period, something happened.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {夜|よる}の==間に==、{隣|となり}の木が{落|お}ちていた。
+> During the night, the tree next door fell.
+
+## ながら
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">V-<strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r"> + ながら + ...</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "while", "simultaneously". The difference with ついでに is that here the main action is the second one.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {歩|ある}き==ながら=={電話|でん|わ}を見ています。
+> While walking, I'm looking at my phone.
+
+## ついでに
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ ついでに</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "while", "at the same time". The difference with ながら is that here the main action is the first one.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> スーパーに行く==ついでに==、おにぎりを{買|か}ってくれませんか。
+> While you're going to the supermarket, could you bring onigiri?
+
+## 中
+
+{中|ちゅう}・{中|じゅう} means different things depending on its pronunciation:
+* ちゅう is used when pointing a specific time: "during", "at some point".
+* じゅう is used for the entire time or area: "through", "within", "before it ends".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {午後|ごご}==中==に{会議|かいぎ}がある。
+> There is a meeting in the afternoon (ちゅう).
+> 
+> {今年|ことし}==中==にスウェーデンに行きたい。
+> I want to go to Sweden before the end of this year (じゅう).
+
+## うちに
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ うちに</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "while". The nuance is that the time is optimal and should be taken advantage of.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {晴|は}れる==うちに=={散歩|さんぽ}しましょう。
+> Let's take a walk while the weather is nice.
+
+## 途中で・途中に
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 途中で・途中に</p>
+</div>
+
+{途中|とちゅう}で・{途中|とちゅう}に means "in the middle of", "on the way".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {帰|かえ}る==途中で=={自動販売機|じ|どう|はん|ばい|き}で{飲|のみ}み{物|もの}を{買|か}った。
+> On the way home, I bought a drink from the vending machine.
+
+## ているところ
+
+Means "in the process/middle of doing".
+See [[TeF (2) - manner of doing#ているところ]].
+
+## 最中に
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (ている)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 最中に</p>
+</div>
+
+{最中|さいちゅう}に means "in the middle of". Happens during something else, interrupting or disturbing it.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {運転|うんてん}していた==最中に=={鹿|しか}が{現|あらわ}れた。
+> While I was driving, a deer appeared.
+
+## しばらく
+
+Means "for a while", "for now".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==しばらく==お{待|ま}ちください。
+> Please wait for a moment.

🔰 Grammar/Time - finally.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Time: finally
+
+## やっと
+
+Means that something happened at last. More rarely means "barely".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==やっと=={論文|ろん|ぶん}を書き{終|お}わった。
+> I finally finished writing my thesis.
+
+## ついに
+
+Means "finally", "at last". Something happened after working to accomplish the goal.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==ついに== {新|あたら}しい{地下鉄|ちかてつ}が{出来上|で|き|あ}がった。
+> At last, the new subway was completed.

🔰 Grammar/Time - recently.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Time: recently
+
+## さっき
+
+Means that something happened recently, either just now, or a little while ago.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==さっき==家に出てきた。
+> I just left home.
+
+## たところ
+
+Combined with a verb in the past tense, it express that something just occurred (something just ended, just started, etc).
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 今食べた==ところ==だ。
+> I just finished to eat right now.
+
+## たばかり
+
+Combined with a verb in the past tense, it express that something just occurred (something just ended, just started, etc). It is more subjective than ところ. It doesn't have to be something that literally just happened, but something that feels like it just happened. 
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 今食べた==ばかり==だ。
+> I just finished to eat right now.
+
+When comparing the two examples, the meaning is different depending on the context. Imagine a friend asking you to go eat with him. When using ところ, it means you just finished your meal this instant. When using ばかり, it means that it feels too soon to eat again just yet from your point of view, independently of how much time has really passed.
+
+## たて
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ たて</p>
+</div>
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ たて + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">の + N</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+Means that something has just been finished. It cannot be used with all verbs. It has a meaning of something fresh, that changes after completion (fresh food that degrades, etc).
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {炊|たき}き==たて==のお{好|この}み{焼|やき}きを食べるべきです。
+> You should eat freshly cooked okonomiyaki.

🔰 Grammar/Time - regularity.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# Time: regularity
+
+## たびに
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ たびに</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "whenever", "every time".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {犬|いぬ}を{見|み}る==たびに=={幸|しあわ}せになる。
+> Whenever I see a dog, I feel happy.
+
+## おきに
+
+Means "every other". This is used for repeated intervals, after a noun indicating something measurable.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> この電車は４分==おきに=={出発|しゅ|っぱつ}します。
+> This train leaves every four minutes.
+
+## ごとに
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ ごとに</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "each", "every". Used for intervals.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {彼女|かのじょ}に{会|あ}う==ごとに==、{心|こころ}がドキドキする。
+> Every time I see her, my heart pounds.
+
+## おきに vs ごとに
+
+The way the intervals are counted between these two grammar structure is different.
+* おきに refers to what is _inside_ the interval.
+* ごとに refers to the interval _per se_.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> １日==おきに== =２日==ごとに== = every other day = every second day
+> ●○●○●○●
+>
+> ２日==おきに== =３日==ごとに== (every three days = every third day)  
+> ●○○●○○●○○●

🔰 Grammar/Time - surprise.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Time: surprise
+
+## 急に
+
+{急|きゅう}に means that something happened unexpectedly or quickly.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==急に==電車が{現|あらわ}れた。
+> A train suddenly appeared.
+
+## ふと
+
+This means "suddenly", "unexpectedly", "unintentionally". Emphasis is on the lack of intention.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==ふと=={通|とお}りに１０００円を{見|み}つけた。
+> I found 1000 yen on the street by chance.
+
+## たとたん
+
+Means "just as". Used for an action that happens just at the moment something else occurs. Can convey a nuance of something unexpected or surprising.
+Used with verbs in the past form (た).
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {部屋|へや}を{掃除|そうじ}し==たとたん==、うちの{猫|ねこ}が{吐|は}いてしまった。
+> As soon as I cleaned my room, my cat vomited.

🔰 Grammar/Time.md

@@ -18,14 +18,22 @@ Means "time". When used like this, means "at the time of".
 > 行った==とき==、{誰|だれ}もいなかった。
 > When I went, no one was there.
 
-## ところ
+## 際に
 
-Means "just about to". Used when describing what we're about to do.
-Used by combining to a verb.
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 際に・際は</p>
+</div>
+
+{際|さい}に means "time", "when". More formal than とき.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> 今ご{飯|はん}を作る==ところ==です。
-> I'm about to make dinner.
+> {家|いえ}で{入|はい}る==際に=={靴|くつ}を{脱|ぬ}いでください。
+> Please take off your shoes when entering the house.
 
 ## ことがある
 
@@ -36,73 +44,20 @@ Used by combining to a verb.
 > {時々|とき|どき}パリへ行く==ことがある==。
 > I sometimes go to Paris.
 
-## ながら
+## ところ
 
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V-<strike>ます</strike></span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r"> + ながら + ...</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "while", "simultaneously".
+Means "just about to". Used when describing what we're about to do.
+Used by combining to a verb.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {歩|ある}き==ながら=={電話|でん|わ}を見ています。
-> While walking, I'm looking at my phone.
+> 今ご{飯|はん}を作る==ところ==です。
+> I'm about to make dinner.
 
-## 間
+## から～まで
 
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 間</p>
-</div>
-
-{間|あいだ} means "while" or "during". Used to express something that is done for the whole period of time.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 電車に{乗|の}っている==間==、ゲームをしてた。
-> While I was on the train, I was playing a game.
-
-Can also be used to talk about a distance between two physical places or the time between two things.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> １時から９じまでの==間==、{寝|ね}ます。
-> I sleep between 1AM and 9AM.
-
-## 間に
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (casual, non-past)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 間に</p>
-</div>
-
-A first meaning is similar to {間|あいだ} (while), but with intentionality.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 電車に{乗|の}った==間に==、本を読みました。
-> While I was on the train, I read a book.
-
-A second meaning is a statement of something that happened during a time period, independently of your actions.
-Contrary to 間, it doesn't include the whole time period. So 間に means that at a point during the time period, something happened.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {夜|よる}の==間に==、{隣|となり}の木が{落|お}ちていた。
-> During the night, the tree next door fell.
-
-# から～まで
-
-See から: [[🔰 Particles (2)#From, since]].
-See まで: [[🔰 Particles (2)#まで]].
-See から～まで: [[🔰 Particles (2)#から～まで]].
+See から: [[🔰 Particles (2)#From, since]] (from).
+See まで: [[🔰 Particles (2)#まで]] (until).
+See から～まで: [[🔰 Particles (2)#から～まで]] (from... until).
 
 ## 前に
 
@@ -140,75 +95,13 @@ See から～まで: [[🔰 Particles (2)#から～まで]].
 > 食べた==後で==、寝ます。
 > After eating, I'll go to sleep.
 
-## さっき
-
-Means that something happened recently, either just now, or a little while ago.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==さっき==家に出てきた。
-> I just left home.
-
-## たところ
-
-Combined with a verb in the past tense, it express that something just occurred (something just ended, just started, etc).
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 今食べた==ところ==だ。
-> I just finished to eat right now.
-
-## ているところ
-
-See [[TeF (2) - manner of doing#ているところ]].
-
-## たばかり
-
-Combined with a verb in the past tense, it express that something just occurred (something just ended, just started, etc). It is more subjective than ところ. It doesn't have to be something that literally just happened, but something that feels like it just happened. 
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 今食べた==ばかり==だ。
-> I just finished to eat right now.
-
-When comparing the two examples, the meaning is different depending on the context. Imagine a friend asking you to go eat with him. When using ところ, it means you just finished your meal this instant. When using ばかり, it means that it feels too soon to eat again just yet from your point of view, independently of how much time has really passed.
-
-## 急に
-
-{急|きゅう}に means that something happened unexpectedly or quickly.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==急に==電車が{現|あらわ}れた。
-> A train suddenly appeared.
-
-## やっと
-
-Means that something happened at last. More rarely means "barely".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==やっと=={論文|ろん|ぶん}を書き{終|お}わった。
-> I finally finished writing my thesis.
- 
-## までに
-
-This indicates a time limit for the action, similar to "by".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {来週|らい|しゅう}==までに=={終|お}わってください。
-> Please finish by next week.
-
-## おきに
-
-This is used for repeated intervals, after a noun indicating something measurable.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この電車は４分==おきに=={出発|しゅ|っぱつ}します。
-> This train leaves every four minutes.
-
 ## ころ・ごろ
 
 <div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="">
 	<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
 </div>
-	<p class="right">+ ごろ</p>
+	<p class="r">+ ごろ</p>
 </div>
 
 Means "around" or "about".
@@ -229,5 +122,62 @@ Means "around" or "about".
 Means "when".
 
 > [!info] Example
-> 子供の==ころ==、毎日{公園|こうえん}で{遊|あそ}んだ。
+> {子供|こども}の==ころ==、毎日{公園|こうえん}で{遊|あそ}んだ。
 > When I was a kid, I played every day at the park.
+
+## までに
+
+This indicates a time limit for the action, similar to "by".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {来週|らい|しゅう}==までに=={終|お}わってください。
+> Please finish by next week.
+
+## ぶりに
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ぶりに~する</p>
+</div>
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ぶり + の</p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+Means "for the first time in duration". Used for long times (can be a psychologically perceived one).
+Used with nouns measuring time.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ３{年|ねん}==ぶりに==ブラジルを{戻|もど}ります。
+> For the first time in 3 years, I'm returning to Brazil.
+
+## から〜にかけて
+
+Means "through", "from... until". Indicates that something happens over a period of time.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {朝|あさ}==から=={夜|よる}==にかかて==ゲームしたい。
+> I want to play games from morning to night.
+
+## 上で
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 上で</p>
+</div>
+
+{上|うえ}で means "after", "upon". Shows a logical progression. Mostly used in formal situations.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {面接|めんせつ}の==上で==、{連絡|れんらく}します。
+> We will contact you after the interview.

🔰 Grammar/Towards.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Towards
+
+## 向け
+
+{向|む}け means "intended for", "aimed at".
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> この本は{子供|こども}==向け==です。
+> The book is for children.
+
+## 向き
+
+{向|む}き means "suitable for". Close to 向け, but intended doesn't exactly means suitable.
+Also means "facing".
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> この{建物|たてもの}は{南|みなみ}==向き==です。
+> This building is facing south.
+
+## を中心に
+
+を{中心|ちゅう|しん}に means "mainly", "focused on".
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ポケモンはポケモン==を中心にする==ゲームです。
+> Pokémon is a game centered around on Pokémon battles.
+> 
+> この{授業|じゅぎょう}は{漢字|かんじ}==を中心に=={習|なら}います。
+> This class focuses on learning kanjis.
+
+## に対して
+
+### Towards
+
+The first meaning of に{対|たい}して is "towards", "regarding". Focuses on action, attitude, feelings, etc.
+Used with a noun.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {彼|かれ}は{子供|こども}==に対して=={優|やさ}しいです。
+> He is kind towards children.
+
+### In contrast to
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V + の</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な + の</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + な + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ に対して</p>
+</div>
+
+The second meaning is "in contrast to".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {弟|おとうと}は{漢字|かんじ}を{読|よ}むこと==に対して==、{私|わたし}が{読|よ}みません。
+> My little brother can read kanji, whereas I can't.

🔰 Grammar/Transformation.md

@@ -11,16 +11,16 @@ V+こと => 食べること. The verbs are never conjugated.
 
 ## ~さ: adjective as noun
 
-This allows to transform an adjective into a noun (adjective nominalizer).
-
 <div class="usage">
 <div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
 	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
 </div>
 	<p class="right">+ さ</p>
 </div>
 
+This allows to transform an adjective into a noun (adjective nominalizer). Used to talk about the degree of the adjective. Generally objective.
+
 > [!info] Example
 > やさしい。
 > Kind.
@@ -28,6 +28,28 @@ This allows to transform an adjective into a noun (adjective nominalizer).
 > やさし==さ==。
 > Kindness.
 
+## ~み: adjective as noun
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ み</p>
+</div>
+
+This allows to transform an adjective into a noun (adjective nominalizer). Similar to さ, but it is used in specific contexts. Rather than a degree, it talks about a quality. Generally subjective. Can be used with less adjectives than さ.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 甘い。
+> Sweet.
+> 
+> 甘さ。
+> Amount of sweetness.
+> 
+> 甘==味==。
+> Quality of sweetness.
+
 ## ということ: phrase as noun
 
 This allows to transform a phrase into a noun.
@@ -68,7 +90,7 @@ Also means "the reason for A is B", "doing A is B".
 > このレストランで{一番|いち|ばん}{人気|にん|き}がある==のは=={寿司|すし}です。
 > The most popular dish in the restaurant is sushi.
 
-## くする: い-adjectives as adverbs
+## くする: い-adjective as adverb
 
 Replacing the い in a い-Adj by くする transforms it into an adverb.
 大きい (big) => 大きくする (make big).
@@ -77,7 +99,7 @@ Replacing the い in a い-Adj by くする transforms it into an adverb.
 > エアコンを{点|つ}けると{空気|くう|き}が{寒|さむ}==くなる==。
 > When turning on the AC, the air becomes cold.
 
-## にする: な-adjectives as adverbs
+## にする: な-adjective as adverb
 
 Appending にする to a な-Adj transforms it into an adverb.
 {静|しず}かな (quiet) => 静かにする (make quiet).
@@ -86,7 +108,7 @@ Appending にする to a な-Adj transforms it into an adverb.
 > {部屋|へや}をきれい==にして==ください。
 > Please clean the room (make the room cleaner).
 
-## がる・がっている: adjectives as verbs
+## がる・がっている: adjective as verb
 
 See [[Observation - tendency - feelings#がる・がっている]].
 

🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (2).md

@@ -65,6 +65,37 @@ Used when the speaker tries to remember, or confirm an information, that has bee
 > {会議|かいぎ}は今日だった==っけ==。
 > Was the meeting today?
 
+## こそ
+
+Means "for sure". Used to emphasize words.
+Used with nouns.
+
+⚠ Replaces the を and が particle. It is, in a certain way, a stronger way than が to highlight information.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {今年|ことし}==こそ=={日本|にほん}を{住|す}む。
+> This year, for sure I'll live in Japan.
+
+## さえ
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + で</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + </span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ さえ</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "even", "not even" (with negative verbs).
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {先生|せんせい}で==さえ==、この{曲|きょく}を{弾|ひ}くことは{難|むずか}しいです。
+> Even for my teacher, this composition is difficult to play.
+
+⚠ With conditional verbs, it means "only". See [[State#さえ～ば]].
+
 ## Sentence ending
 
 At the end of a sentence, some particles can be added to put emphasis on a meaning.