119 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
119 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
# 3- Te-Form - manner of doing - give and receive
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## Manner of doing
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### てしまう
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<div class="usage">
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<div>
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<p><span class="box">Vて</span> + しまう</p>
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<p><span class="box">V<strike>て</strike></span> + ちゃう</p>
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<p><span class="box">V<strike>で</strike></span> + じゃう</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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This means "by accident, unfortunately" or "completely".
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Only for **verbs**.
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> [!info] Examples
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> {宿題|しゅく|だい}もうや==ってしまいました==。
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> I've already finished my homework.
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>
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> もう{全部|ぜん|ぶ}食べ==ちゃった==。。。
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> I've already eaten everything...
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### てみる
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Used to express the meaning of trying something, usually something new.
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Can also be used to suggest to someone to try something.
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Used in past tense, it implies a successful attempt.
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Only for **verbs**.
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> [!info] Example
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> これを食べ==てみる==か？
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> Do you want to try this food?
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### ていく・てくる
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ていく combines the Te-form with the verb 行く.
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てくる combines the Te-form with the verb 来る.
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Both can be used when representing time or a physical place. Kanji and hiragana can be used, and they can be conjugated.
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Only for **verbs**.
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The first meaning is the following:
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* ていく means to go and do something.
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* てくる means to do and come back.
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> [!info] Examples
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> 家で食べ==ていく==か？
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> Want to go and eat at my home?
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>
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> {晩御飯|ばんごはん}を買==ってきた==。
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> I brought tonight's dinner. (bought and came with).
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The second meaning is:
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* ていく means to start doing something with your own agency.
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* てくる on the contrary, is when something comes to the listener without agency from them.
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> [!info] Examples
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> 彼は駅まで歩い==ていきます==。
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> He walk to the station.
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>
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> 雨が{降|ふ}==ってきた==。
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> It started raining.
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## Give and receive
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Extends the common forms of あげる, くれる, and もらう, but what is received or given is now a verb, instead of a noun.
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### てあげる
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Expresses that someone is doing or did something for someone else.
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The person that received the favor is followed by the に particle.
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Only for **verbs**.
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> [!info] Example
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> 母にケーキを買==ってあげた==。
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> I bought a cake for my mother.
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>
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### てくれる
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Used to ask a favor from someone or to say that something was done to the speaker.
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The person that received the favor (usually oneself and thus omitted) is followed by the に particle.
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Only for **verbs**.
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> [!info] Example
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> {友達|とも|だち}がギターを{教|おし}え==てくれる==。
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> My friend will teach me the guitar.
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#### てくれてありがとう
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This form expresses gratitude for something that benefited the speaker. It is not used for something expected.
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Only for **verbs**.
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> [!info] Example
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> 今日来==てくれてありがとう==！
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> Thank you for coming today!
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### てもらう
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This form expresses gratitude for a favor that the recipient generally requested for, or where gratitude is the focus.
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Only for **verbs**.
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> [!info] Example
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{友達|とも|だち}が手伝==ってもらった==。
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My friend helped me (and I owe him / because I asked him and I am grateful)
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### てくれない・てもらえない
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Used as a mean to ask for a favor like "would you, could you?". Used in a similar form to じゃないか.
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Only for **verbs**.
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> [!info] Example
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> {電気|でん|き}をつけ==てもらえない==か。
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> Could you please turn on the lights?
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>
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> 電気をつけ==ないでもらえない==か。
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> Could you please turn off the light?
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