119 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
119 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
|
# 3- Te-Form - manner of doing - give and receive
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Manner of doing
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### てしまう
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="usage">
|
|||
|
|
<div>
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="box">Vて</span> + しまう</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="box">V<strike>て</strike></span> + ちゃう</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="box">V<strike>で</strike></span> + じゃう</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
This means "by accident, unfortunately" or "completely".
|
|||
|
|
Only for **verbs**.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> [!info] Examples
|
|||
|
|
> {宿題|しゅく|だい}もうや==ってしまいました==。
|
|||
|
|
> I've already finished my homework.
|
|||
|
|
>
|
|||
|
|
> もう{全部|ぜん|ぶ}食べ==ちゃった==。。。
|
|||
|
|
> I've already eaten everything...
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### てみる
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Used to express the meaning of trying something, usually something new.
|
|||
|
|
Can also be used to suggest to someone to try something.
|
|||
|
|
Used in past tense, it implies a successful attempt.
|
|||
|
|
Only for **verbs**.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> [!info] Example
|
|||
|
|
> これを食べ==てみる==か？
|
|||
|
|
> Do you want to try this food?
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### ていく・てくる
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ていく combines the Te-form with the verb 行く.
|
|||
|
|
てくる combines the Te-form with the verb 来る.
|
|||
|
|
Both can be used when representing time or a physical place. Kanji and hiragana can be used, and they can be conjugated.
|
|||
|
|
Only for **verbs**.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The first meaning is the following:
|
|||
|
|
* ていく means to go and do something.
|
|||
|
|
* てくる means to do and come back.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> [!info] Examples
|
|||
|
|
> 家で食べ==ていく==か？
|
|||
|
|
> Want to go and eat at my home?
|
|||
|
|
>
|
|||
|
|
> {晩御飯|ばんごはん}を買==ってきた==。
|
|||
|
|
> I brought tonight's dinner. (bought and came with).
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The second meaning is:
|
|||
|
|
* ていく means to start doing something with your own agency.
|
|||
|
|
* てくる on the contrary, is when something comes to the listener without agency from them.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> [!info] Examples
|
|||
|
|
> 彼は駅まで歩い==ていきます==。
|
|||
|
|
> He walk to the station.
|
|||
|
|
>
|
|||
|
|
> 雨が{降|ふ}==ってきた==。
|
|||
|
|
> It started raining.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Give and receive
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Extends the common forms of あげる, くれる, and もらう, but what is received or given is now a verb, instead of a noun.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### てあげる
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Expresses that someone is doing or did something for someone else.
|
|||
|
|
The person that received the favor is followed by the に particle.
|
|||
|
|
Only for **verbs**.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> [!info] Example
|
|||
|
|
> 母にケーキを買==ってあげた==。
|
|||
|
|
> I bought a cake for my mother.
|
|||
|
|
>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### てくれる
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Used to ask a favor from someone or to say that something was done to the speaker.
|
|||
|
|
The person that received the favor (usually oneself and thus omitted) is followed by the に particle.
|
|||
|
|
Only for **verbs**.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> [!info] Example
|
|||
|
|
> {友達|とも|だち}がギターを{教|おし}え==てくれる==。
|
|||
|
|
> My friend will teach me the guitar.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### てくれてありがとう
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
This form expresses gratitude for something that benefited the speaker. It is not used for something expected.
|
|||
|
|
Only for **verbs**.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> [!info] Example
|
|||
|
|
> 今日来==てくれてありがとう==！
|
|||
|
|
> Thank you for coming today!
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### てもらう
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
This form expresses gratitude for a favor that the recipient generally requested for, or where gratitude is the focus.
|
|||
|
|
Only for **verbs**.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> [!info] Example
|
|||
|
|
{友達|とも|だち}が手伝==ってもらった==。
|
|||
|
|
My friend helped me (and I owe him / because I asked him and I am grateful)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### てくれない・てもらえない
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Used as a mean to ask for a favor like "would you, could you?". Used in a similar form to じゃないか.
|
|||
|
|
Only for **verbs**.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
> [!info] Example
|
|||
|
|
> {電気|でん|き}をつけ==てもらえない==か。
|
|||
|
|
> Could you please turn on the lights?
|
|||
|
|
>
|
|||
|
|
> 電気をつけ==ないでもらえない==か。
|
|||
|
|
> Could you please turn off the light?
|