3.5 KiB
3- Te-Form - manner of doing - give & receive
Manner of doing
てしまう
Vて + しまう
Vて + ちゃう
Vで + じゃう
This means "by accident, unfortunately" or "completely". Only for verbs.
[!info] Examples {宿題|しゅく|だい}もうや==ってしまいました==。 I've already finished my homework.
もう{全部|ぜん|ぶ}食べ==ちゃった==。。。 I've already eaten everything...
てみる
Used to express the meaning of trying something, usually something new. Can also be used to suggest to someone to try something. Used in past tense, it implies a successful attempt. Only for verbs.
[!info] Example これを食べ==てみる==か？ Do you want to try this food?
ていく・てくる
ていく combines the Te-form with the verb 行く. てくる combines the Te-form with the verb 来る. Both can be used when representing time or a physical place. Kanji and hiragana can be used, and they can be conjugated. Only for verbs.
The first meaning is the following:
- ていく means to go and do something.
- てくる means to do and come back.
[!info] Examples 家で食べ==ていく==か？ Want to go and eat at my home?
{晩御飯|ばんごはん}を買==ってきた==。 I brought tonight's dinner. (bought and came with).
The second meaning is:
- ていく means to start doing something with your own agency.
- てくる on the contrary, is when something comes to the listener without agency from them.
[!info] Examples 彼は駅まで歩い==ていきます==。 He walk to the station.
雨が{降|ふ}==ってきた==。 It started raining.
Give and receive
Extends the common forms of あげる, くれる, and もらう, but what is received or given is now a verb, instead of a noun.
てあげる
Expresses that someone is doing or did something for someone else. The person that received the favor is followed by the に particle. Only for verbs.
[!info] Example 母にケーキを買==ってあげた==。 I bought a cake for my mother.
てくれる
Used to ask a favor from someone or to say that something was done to the speaker. The person that received the favor (usually oneself and thus omitted) is followed by the に particle. Only for verbs.
[!info] Example {友達|とも|だち}がギターを{教|おし}え==てくれる==。 My friend will teach me the guitar.
てくれてありがとう
This form expresses gratitude for something that benefited the speaker. It is not used for something expected. Only for verbs.
[!info] Example 今日来==てくれてありがとう==！ Thank you for coming today!
てもらう
This form expresses gratitude for a favor that the recipient generally requested for, or where gratitude is the focus. Only for verbs.
[!info] Example {友達|とも|だち}が手伝==ってもらった==。 My friend helped me (and I owe him / because I asked him and I am grateful)
てくれない・てもらえない
Used as a mean to ask for a favor like "would you, could you?". Used in a similar form to じゃないか. Only for verbs.
[!info] Example {電気|でん|き}をつけ==てもらえない==か。 Could you please turn on the lights?
電気をつけ==ないでもらえない==か。 Could you please turn off the light?