242 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
242 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
# Time
|
||
|
||
## とき
|
||
|
||
<div class="usage">
|
||
<div class="left">
|
||
<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="right">+ とき</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
Means "time". When used like this, means "at the time of".
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Example
|
||
> 行った==とき==、{誰|だれ}もいなかった。
|
||
> When I went, no one was there.
|
||
|
||
## 際に
|
||
|
||
<div class="usage">
|
||
<div class="left">
|
||
<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="right">+ 際に・際は</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
{際|さい}に means "time", "when". More formal than とき.
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Example
|
||
> {家|いえ}で{入|はい}る==際に=={靴|くつ}を{脱|ぬ}いでください。
|
||
> Please take off your shoes when entering the house.
|
||
|
||
## ことがある
|
||
|
||
Means "there are time when".
|
||
Used by combining to a verb.
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Example
|
||
> {時々|とき|どき}パリへ行く==ことがある==。
|
||
> I sometimes go to Paris.
|
||
|
||
## から～まで
|
||
|
||
See から: [[🔰 Particles (2)#From, since]] (from).
|
||
See まで: [[🔰 Particles (2)#まで]] (until).
|
||
See から～まで: [[🔰 Particles (2)#から～まで]] (from... until).
|
||
|
||
## 前に
|
||
|
||
<div class="usage">
|
||
<div class="left">
|
||
<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="right">+ 前に</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
{前|まえ}に means before (time) or in front of (place).
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Examples
|
||
> {寝|ねる}る==前に==、レストランに行こうと思います。
|
||
> I think I'll go to the restaurant before sleeping.
|
||
>
|
||
> レストランの==前に=={自転車|じ|てん|しゃ}があります。
|
||
> There are bikes in front of the restaurant.
|
||
|
||
## 後で
|
||
|
||
<div class="usage">
|
||
<div class="left">
|
||
<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="right">+ 後で</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
{後|あと}で means after or later.
|
||
⚠ Only works with the past form of verbs!
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Example
|
||
> 食べた==後で==、寝ます。
|
||
> After eating, I'll go to sleep.
|
||
|
||
## ころ・ごろ
|
||
|
||
<div class="usage">
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="r">+ ごろ</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
Means "around" or "about".
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Example
|
||
> 午後８時==ごろ==来てください。
|
||
> Please come around 8PM.
|
||
|
||
<div class="usage">
|
||
<div class="left">
|
||
<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">い/な-Adj</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="right">+ ころ</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
Means "when".
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Example
|
||
> {子供|こども}の==ころ==、毎日{公園|こうえん}で{遊|あそ}んだ。
|
||
> When I was a kid, I played every day at the park.
|
||
|
||
## までに
|
||
|
||
This indicates a time limit for the action, similar to "by".
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Example
|
||
> {来週|らい|しゅう}==までに=={終|お}わってください。
|
||
> Please finish by next week.
|
||
|
||
## ぶりに
|
||
|
||
<div class="usage">
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="r">+ ぶりに~する</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="usage">
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="r">+ ぶり + の</p>
|
||
<div class="">
|
||
<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
Means "for the first time in duration". Used for long times (can be a psychologically perceived one).
|
||
Used with nouns measuring time.
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Example
|
||
> ３{年|ねん}==ぶりに==ブラジルを{戻|もど}ります。
|
||
> For the first time in 3 years, I'm returning to Brazil.
|
||
|
||
## に先立ち (NEW!)
|
||
|
||
<div class="usage">
|
||
<div class="left">
|
||
<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="right">+ に先立ち・に先立って</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
に{先|さき}{立|だ}ち means "before", "prior to". It is formal.
|
||
Also used as に先立つ when a second noun follows a first one.
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Examples
|
||
> {初|はじ}める==に先立って==、{準備|じゅんび}しないといけない。
|
||
> Before starting, you need to prepare.
|
||
|
||
## 上で
|
||
|
||
<div class="usage">
|
||
<div class="left">
|
||
<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="right">+ 上で</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
{上|うえ}で means "after", "upon". Shows a logical progression. Mostly used in formal situations.
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Examples
|
||
> {面接|めんせつ}の==上で==、{連絡|れんらく}します。
|
||
> We will contact you after the interview.
|
||
|
||
## にあたって (NEW!)
|
||
|
||
<div class="usage">
|
||
<div class="left">
|
||
<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="right">+ にあたって</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
Means "at the time of", "on the occasion of". It is formal. Used when talking about the preparation.
|
||
Can also be used as にあたり.
|
||
Used with verbs and nouns.
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Examples
|
||
> {試験|しけん}を{受|う}ける==にあたって==、{鉛筆|えんぴつ}と{消|け}しゴムを{持|も}ってきてください。
|
||
> Please bring a pencil and an eraser in preparation for the test.
|
||
|
||
## に際して (NEW!)
|
||
|
||
<div class="usage">
|
||
<div class="left">
|
||
<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
|
||
<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="right">+ に際して</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
に{際|さい}して means "at the time of", "on the occasion of". It is formal. Used when talking about the moment of the situation.
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Examples
|
||
> {試験|しけん}を{受|う}ける==に際して==、{静|しず}かにしてください。
|
||
> During the test, please be quiet.
|
||
|
||
## とっくに (NEW!)
|
||
|
||
Means "long ago", "a long time ago".
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Examples
|
||
> {彼女|かのじょ}は==とっくに=={帰|かえ}ってしまった。
|
||
> She went home long ago.
|
||
|
||
## やがて (NEW!)
|
||
|
||
Means "before long", "eventually".
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Examples
|
||
> ==やがて==この{新|あたら}しいゲームは{売|う}り{出|だ}すはずです。
|
||
> This new game should be put on sale soon.
|
||
|
||
## ところだった (NEW!)
|
||
|
||
Means "almost", "about to", "almost happened". Used with a verb (る) by adding ところだった.
|
||
|
||
> [!info] Examples
|
||
> {車|くるま}の{事故|じこ}が{起|お}==こるところだった==。{無事|ぶじ}よかった。
|
||
> A car accident almost happened. Thankfully we're safe.
|