319 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
319 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
# Reason
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## ので
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ ので</p>
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</div>
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Used after a reason, to explain the consequence. Means "because of", "since".
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It is more objective than から: it expresses a situation that exists, and that is outside of one's control. For this reason, it can also be perceived as more polite.
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> [!info] Example
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> 雨な==ので==傘を持ってきてください。
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> Since it is raining, please bring an umbrella.
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## から
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See [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because]].
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It is more subjective than ので: it expresses more personal needs/actions/opinions.
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## ことから
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ ことから</p>
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</div>
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Means "based on the fact that". Most formal than から, and puts an emphasis on it being true (objective information).
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> [!info] Example
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> {部屋|へや}から{音|おと}がある==ことから==、{誰|だれ}かいるはずです。
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> From the fact that there is sound coming from the room, someone must be there.
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## んです・のです
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ んだ・んです・のだ・のです</p>
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</div>
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It is used to explain or put emphasis on something.
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のだ・のです is a bit more formal than んだ・んです.
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It is only used with nouns when asking questions.
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> [!info] Example
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> {良|よ}い{仕事|しごと}な==のです==か。
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> Is it a good job?
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>
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> もう言った==んだ==よ！
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> I've already told you!
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## のは・のが
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Means "the reason for A is B", "doing A is B".
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See [[Transformation#のは・のが sentence as noun]].
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## なぜなら～から
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">result</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r"> + なぜなら + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">reason</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ から</p>
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</div>
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Means "the reason is".
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There are three variations:
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* なぜなら(ば)
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* なぜかというと
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* どうしてかというと
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> [!info] Example
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> それを{言|い}えない！==どうしてかというと=={秘密|ひみつ}だ==から==。
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> I cannot tell you that! Why, because it's a secret.
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## そのために
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">goal</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r"> + そのため(に) + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">action</span></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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Means "for that reason", "because of".
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See also [[Connectors - in order to#ために]].
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> [!info] Example
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> {丸|まる}い{日|にち}{働|はたら}いていた、==そのために=={今|いま}{寝|ね}に行きます。
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> I worked the whole day. For that reason, I'm going to bed.
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>
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> {日本|にほん}に行きたい。==そのために==、{日本語|にほんご}をちゃんと{勉強|べんきょう}しています。
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> I want to go to Japan. In order to do so, I'm studying seriously.
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## わけだ・わけではない
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ わけだ・わけではない</p>
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</div>
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わけだ・わけです means "for that reason", "as you'd expect".
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わけではない・わけじゃない means "it doesn't mean that".
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> [!info] Example
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> {毎日|まいにち}{料理|りょうり}を{作|つく}るからうまくになった==わけだ==。
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> I got good at cooking because I cook every day.
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See also [[Certainty#わけがない]].
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## からこそ (NEW!)
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Means "precisely because". Made with the [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because|から]] and [[🔰 Particles (2)#こそ|こそ]] particles, to emphasize the reason.
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> [!info] Example
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> {清潔|せいけつ}==だからこそ=={快適|かいてき}です。
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> It's precisely because it's clean that it is comfortable.
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⚠ Uses the same rules as [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because|から]].
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## ことだから (NEW!)
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Means "exactly because". Usually used to talk about something characteristic to someone.
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Used with nouns + の.
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> [!info] Example
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> {彼女|かのじょ}==のことだから==、{必|かなら}ず{来|き}ます。
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> It's precisely because it's her that I'm sure she'll come.
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## につき (NEW!)
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Means "due to". Used when a change happens. It is formal.
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> [!info] Example
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> {年次|ねんじ}{休業|きゅうぎょう}==につき==、セールが{開催|かいさい}{中|ちゅう}。
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> Due to the annual closure, a sale is being held.
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## もの・もん (NEW!)
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (+ んだ)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj (+ んだ)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj (+ なんだ)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N (+ なんだ)</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ もの・もん</p>
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</div>
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Means "because". It is usually casual.
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> [!info] Example
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> {具合|ぐあい}が{悪|わる}い。。。{臭|くさ}い==んだもの==。
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> I don't feel well... because something stinks.
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## ものだから (NEW!)
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + な</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ ものだから・ものですから・もんだから</p>
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</div>
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Means "because". Used to emphasize what has been said before, the reason for something, explaining something, or giving an excuse.
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> [!info] Example
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> {電車|でんしゃ}{事故|じこ}があった==ものだから==、{私|わたし}は{遅|おく}れてしまった。
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> There was a train accident, so I was late.
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## Positive
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### おかげで
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ おかげで</p>
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</div>
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Means "because of". Used for positive contexts, like "thanks to".
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> [!info] Example
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> あなたの==おかげで=={勝|か}った。
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> We won because of you.
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### だけあって (NEW!)
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ だけあって・だけのことはあって</p>
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</div>
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Means "being the case", "as expected", "precisely because". Only used for positive results.
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> [!info] Examples
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> {彼女|かのじょ}==だけあって==、{美|うつく}しい{服|ふく}を{着|き}た。
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> As expected of her, she wore beautiful clothes.
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## Negative
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### せいで
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ せいで</p>
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</div>
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Means "because of". Mostly used for negative contexts, to blame, etc.
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> [!info] Example
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> あなたの==せいで=={負|ま}けた。
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> We lost because of you.
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### ばかりに (NEW!)
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ ばかりに</p>
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</div>
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Means "simply because". Usually used for negative results.
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> [!info] Example
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> {彼|かれ}はたった{一|ひと}つミスをした==ばかりに=={解雇|かいこ}されました。
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> He was fired after making only one mistake.
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## Since... it's obvious that...
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All three patterns mean "because A... obviously B". They have slight differences.
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Used when talking about things like decision, judgement, etc.
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### 上は (NEW!)
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{上|うえ}は is the most formal form.
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Used with verbs (る, た forms).
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> [!info] Example
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> {先生|せんせい}が{言|い}った==上は=={必|かなら}ずする。
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> Since the teacher said it, I will definitely do it.
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### 以上は (NEW!)
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + である</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + である</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ 以上は</p>
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</div>
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{以上|いじょう}は is formal.
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Only with this form, both parts of the sentence can talk about different persons.
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> [!info] Example
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> {彼|かれ}がまだ{来|き}ません==以上は==、{今|いま}{帰|かえ}ります。
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> Since he still have not come, I'm going home now.
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### からには (NEW!)
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It is used in conversations. Can only be used for talking about oneself. Generally used for positive results.
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Used with verbs.
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> [!info] Examples
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> お{金|かね}がある==からには==、いい{家|いえ}を{買|か}うつもりです。
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> Since I have money, I plan to buy a nice house.
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