9.2 KiB
Reason
ので
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N + だ
+ ので
Used after a reason, to explain the consequence. Means "because of", "since". It is more objective than から: it expresses a situation that exists, and that is outside of one's control. For this reason, it can also be perceived as more polite.
[!info] Example 雨な==ので==傘を持ってきてください。 Since it is raining, please bring an umbrella.
から
See 🔰 Particles (2)#Because. It is more subjective than ので: it expresses more personal needs/actions/opinions.
ことから
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N + の
+ ことから
Means "based on the fact that". Most formal than から, and puts an emphasis on it being true (objective information).
[!info] Example {部屋|へや}から{音|おと}がある==ことから==、{誰|だれ}かいるはずです。 From the fact that there is sound coming from the room, someone must be there.
んです・のです
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N + だ
+ んだ・んです・のだ・のです
It is used to explain or put emphasis on something. のだ・のです is a bit more formal than んだ・んです. It is only used with nouns when asking questions.
[!info] Example {良|よ}い{仕事|しごと}な==のです==か。 Is it a good job?
もう言った==んだ==よ！ I've already told you!
のは・のが
Means "the reason for A is B", "doing A is B". See Transformation#のは・のが sentence as noun.
なぜなら～から
result
+ なぜなら +
reason
+ から
Means "the reason is". There are three variations:
- なぜなら(ば)
- なぜかというと
- どうしてかというと
[!info] Example それを{言|い}えない！==どうしてかというと=={秘密|ひみつ}だ==から==。 I cannot tell you that! Why, because it's a secret.
そのために
goal
+ そのため(に) +
action
Means "for that reason", "because of". See also Connectors - in order to#ために.
[!info] Example {丸|まる}い{日|にち}{働|はたら}いていた、==そのために=={今|いま}{寝|ね}に行きます。 I worked the whole day. For that reason, I'm going to bed.
{日本|にほん}に行きたい。==そのために==、{日本語|にほんご}をちゃんと{勉強|べんきょう}しています。 I want to go to Japan. In order to do so, I'm studying seriously.
わけだ・わけではない
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N + の
+ わけだ・わけではない
わけだ・わけです means "for that reason", "as you'd expect". わけではない・わけじゃない means "it doesn't mean that".
[!info] Example {毎日|まいにち}{料理|りょうり}を{作|つく}るからうまくになった==わけだ==。 I got good at cooking because I cook every day.
See also Certainty#わけがない.
からこそ (NEW!)
Means "precisely because". Made with the 🔰 Particles (2)#Because and 🔰 Particles (2)#こそ particles, to emphasize the reason.
[!info] Example {清潔|せいけつ}==だからこそ=={快適|かいてき}です。 It's precisely because it's clean that it is comfortable.
⚠ Uses the same rules as 🔰 Particles (2)#Because.
ことだから (NEW!)
Means "exactly because". Usually used to talk about something characteristic to someone. Used with nouns + の.
[!info] Example {彼女|かのじょ}==のことだから==、{必|かなら}ず{来|き}ます。 It's precisely because it's her that I'm sure she'll come.
につき (NEW!)
Means "due to". Used when a change happens. It is formal.
[!info] Example {年次|ねんじ}{休業|きゅうぎょう}==につき==、セールが{開催|かいさい}{中|ちゅう}。 Due to the annual closure, a sale is being held.
もの・もん (NEW!)
V (+ んだ)
い-Adj (+ んだ)
な-Adj (+ なんだ)
N (+ なんだ)
+ もの・もん
Means "because". It is usually casual.
[!info] Example {具合|ぐあい}が{悪|わる}い。。。{臭|くさ}い==んだもの==。 I don't feel well... because something stinks.
ものだから (NEW!)
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N + な
+ ものだから・ものですから・もんだから
Means "because". Used to emphasize what has been said before, the reason for something, explaining something, or giving an excuse.
[!info] Example {電車|でんしゃ}{事故|じこ}があった==ものだから==、{私|わたし}は{遅|おく}れてしまった。 There was a train accident, so I was late.
Positive
おかげで
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N + の
+ おかげで
Means "because of". Used for positive contexts, like "thanks to".
[!info] Example あなたの==おかげで=={勝|か}った。 We won because of you.
だけあって (NEW!)
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N
+ だけあって・だけのことはあって
Means "being the case", "as expected", "precisely because". Only used for positive results.
[!info] Examples {彼女|かのじょ}==だけあって==、{美|うつく}しい{服|ふく}を{着|き}た。 As expected of her, she wore beautiful clothes.
Negative
せいで
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N + の
+ せいで
Means "because of". Mostly used for negative contexts, to blame, etc.
[!info] Example あなたの==せいで=={負|ま}けた。 We lost because of you.
ばかりに (NEW!)
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N
+ ばかりに
Means "simply because". Usually used for negative results.
[!info] Example {彼|かれ}はたった{一|ひと}つミスをした==ばかりに=={解雇|かいこ}されました。 He was fired after making only one mistake.
Since... it's obvious that...
All three patterns mean "because A... obviously B". They have slight differences. Used when talking about things like decision, judgement, etc.
上は (NEW!)
{上|うえ}は is the most formal form. Used with verbs (る, た forms).
[!info] Example {先生|せんせい}が{言|い}った==上は=={必|かなら}ずする。 Since the teacher said it, I will definitely do it.
以上は (NEW!)
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + である
N + である
+ 以上は
{以上|いじょう}は is formal. Only with this form, both parts of the sentence can talk about different persons.
[!info] Example {彼|かれ}がまだ{来|き}ません==以上は==、{今|いま}{帰|かえ}ります。 Since he still have not come, I'm going home now.
からには (NEW!)
It is used in conversations. Can only be used for talking about oneself. Generally used for positive results. Used with verbs.
[!info] Examples お{金|かね}がある==からには==、いい{家|いえ}を{買|か}うつもりです。 Since I have money, I plan to buy a nice house.