Delete Connectors - even if.md

.gitignore

@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 .obsidian/workspace.json
-.obsidian/workspace-mobile.json
+0- Do-Not-Commit
-0- Do-Not-Commit
-.DS_Store

.obsidian/community-plugins.json

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 [
   "obsidian-markdown-furigana",
-  "obsidian-style-settings"
+  "obsidian-style-settings",
+  "obsidian42-brat",
+  "obsidian-opener"
 ]

.obsidian/core-plugins.json

@@ -1,33 +1,20 @@
-{
+[
-  "file-explorer": true,
+  "file-explorer",
-  "global-search": true,
+  "global-search",
-  "switcher": true,
+  "switcher",
-  "graph": true,
+  "graph",
-  "backlink": true,
+  "backlink",
-  "canvas": true,
+  "canvas",
-  "outgoing-link": true,
+  "outgoing-link",
-  "tag-pane": true,
+  "tag-pane",
-  "properties": false,
+  "page-preview",
-  "page-preview": true,
+  "daily-notes",
-  "daily-notes": true,
+  "templates",
-  "templates": true,
+  "note-composer",
-  "note-composer": true,
+  "command-palette",
-  "command-palette": true,
+  "editor-status",
-  "slash-command": false,
+  "bookmarks",
-  "editor-status": true,
+  "outline",
-  "bookmarks": true,
+  "word-count",
-  "markdown-importer": false,
+  "file-recovery"
-  "zk-prefixer": false,
+]
-  "random-note": false,
-  "outline": true,
-  "word-count": true,
-  "slides": false,
-  "audio-recorder": false,
-  "workspaces": false,
-  "file-recovery": true,
-  "publish": false,
-  "sync": false,
-  "webviewer": false,
-  "footnotes": false,
-  "bases": true
-}

.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-markdown-furigana/main.js

@@ -9,29 +9,29 @@ var obsidian = require('obsidian');
 var state = require('@codemirror/state');
 var view = require('@codemirror/view');
 
-/******************************************************************************
+/******************************************************************************
-Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
-
+
-Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
-purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.
-
+
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
-REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
-AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
+AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
-INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
+INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
-LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
+LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
-OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
-PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-***************************************************************************** */
+***************************************************************************** */
-
+
-function __awaiter(thisArg, _arguments, P, generator) {
+function __awaiter(thisArg, _arguments, P, generator) {
-    function adopt(value) { return value instanceof P ? value : new P(function (resolve) { resolve(value); }); }
+    function adopt(value) { return value instanceof P ? value : new P(function (resolve) { resolve(value); }); }
-    return new (P || (P = Promise))(function (resolve, reject) {
+    return new (P || (P = Promise))(function (resolve, reject) {
-        function fulfilled(value) { try { step(generator.next(value)); } catch (e) { reject(e); } }
+        function fulfilled(value) { try { step(generator.next(value)); } catch (e) { reject(e); } }
-        function rejected(value) { try { step(generator["throw"](value)); } catch (e) { reject(e); } }
+        function rejected(value) { try { step(generator["throw"](value)); } catch (e) { reject(e); } }
-        function step(result) { result.done ? resolve(result.value) : adopt(result.value).then(fulfilled, rejected); }
+        function step(result) { result.done ? resolve(result.value) : adopt(result.value).then(fulfilled, rejected); }
-        step((generator = generator.apply(thisArg, _arguments || [])).next());
+        step((generator = generator.apply(thisArg, _arguments || [])).next());
-    });
+    });
 }
 
 // Regular Expression for {{kanji|kana|kana|...}} format

.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-markdown-furigana/manifest.json

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-{
+{
-	"id": "obsidian-markdown-furigana",
+	"id": "obsidian-markdown-furigana",
-	"name": "Markdown Furigana",
+	"name": "Markdown Furigana",
-	"version": "1.3.0",
+	"version": "1.3.0",
-	"minAppVersion": "0.9.12",
+	"minAppVersion": "0.9.12",
-	"description": "Simple Markdown to Furigana Rendering Plugin for Obsidian.",
+	"description": "Simple Markdown to Furigana Rendering Plugin for Obsidian.",
-	"author": "Steven Kraft",
+	"author": "Steven Kraft",
-	"authorUrl": "https://github.com/steven-kraft/obsidian-markdown-furigana",
+	"authorUrl": "https://github.com/steven-kraft/obsidian-markdown-furigana",
-	"isDesktopOnly": false
+	"isDesktopOnly": false
-}
+}

.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-opener/main.js

@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+/*
+THIS IS A GENERATED/BUNDLED FILE BY ESBUILD
+if you want to view the source, please visit the github repository of this plugin
+*/
+
+var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
+var __getOwnPropDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+var __getOwnPropNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+var __hasOwnProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var __export = (target, all) => {
+  for (var name in all)
+    __defProp(target, name, { get: all[name], enumerable: true });
+};
+var __copyProps = (to, from, except, desc) => {
+  if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function") {
+    for (let key of __getOwnPropNames(from))
+      if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except)
+        __defProp(to, key, { get: () => from[key], enumerable: !(desc = __getOwnPropDesc(from, key)) || desc.enumerable });
+  }
+  return to;
+};
+var __toCommonJS = (mod) => __copyProps(__defProp({}, "__esModule", { value: true }), mod);
+
+// main.ts
+var main_exports = {};
+__export(main_exports, {
+  default: () => Opener
+});
+module.exports = __toCommonJS(main_exports);
+var import_obsidian2 = require("obsidian");
+
+// node_modules/monkey-around/mjs/index.js
+function around(obj, factories) {
+  const removers = Object.keys(factories).map((key) => around1(obj, key, factories[key]));
+  return removers.length === 1 ? removers[0] : function() {
+    removers.forEach((r) => r());
+  };
+}
+function around1(obj, method, createWrapper) {
+  const original = obj[method], hadOwn = obj.hasOwnProperty(method);
+  let current = createWrapper(original);
+  if (original)
+    Object.setPrototypeOf(current, original);
+  Object.setPrototypeOf(wrapper, current);
+  obj[method] = wrapper;
+  return remove;
+  function wrapper(...args) {
+    if (current === original && obj[method] === wrapper)
+      remove();
+    return current.apply(this, args);
+  }
+  function remove() {
+    if (obj[method] === wrapper) {
+      if (hadOwn)
+        obj[method] = original;
+      else
+        delete obj[method];
+    }
+    if (current === original)
+      return;
+    current = original;
+    Object.setPrototypeOf(wrapper, original || Function);
+  }
+}
+
+// settings.ts
+var import_obsidian = require("obsidian");
+var OpenerSettingTab = class extends import_obsidian.PluginSettingTab {
+  display() {
+    const { containerEl } = this;
+    const plugin = this.plugin;
+    containerEl.empty();
+    new import_obsidian.Setting(containerEl).setName("New Tab Default").setDesc(
+      "Enable to open new files in a new tab (or existing tab, if it was previously opened). Disable for default Obsidian behavior."
+    ).addToggle(
+      (toggle) => toggle.setValue(plugin.settings.newTab).onChange((value) => {
+        plugin.settings.newTab = value;
+        plugin.saveSettings();
+      })
+    );
+    new import_obsidian.Setting(containerEl).setName("PDF Default App").setDesc(
+      "Enable to open pdfs with system viewer app. Disable for default behavior (open pdfs in Obsidian)."
+    ).addToggle(
+      (toggle) => toggle.setValue(plugin.settings.PDFApp).onChange((value) => {
+        plugin.settings.PDFApp = value;
+        plugin.saveSettings();
+      })
+    );
+    new import_obsidian.Setting(containerEl).setName("Default app only when Ctrl/Cmd-Key is held").setDesc(
+      "Open in default app only when Ctrl/Cmd-Key is held. Disable to always\u201A open with system viewer."
+    ).addToggle(
+      (toggle) => toggle.setValue(plugin.settings.extOnlyWhenMetaKey).onChange((value) => {
+        plugin.settings.extOnlyWhenMetaKey = value;
+        plugin.saveSettings();
+      })
+    );
+    new import_obsidian.Setting(containerEl).setName("Open everything outside of Obsidian").setDesc(
+      "Enable to open all obsidian supported extensions with system viewer instead. Disable for default behavior (open within Obsidian). Defaults supported extensions are 'png', 'webp', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'gif', 'bmp', 'svg', 'mp3', 'webm', 'wav', 'm4a', 'ogg','3gp', 'flac', 'mp4', 'ogv', 'mov', 'mkv'."
+    ).addToggle(
+      (toggle) => toggle.setValue(plugin.settings.allExt).onChange((value) => {
+        plugin.settings.allExt = value;
+        plugin.saveSettings();
+      })
+    );
+    new import_obsidian.Setting(containerEl).setName("Open Outside Obsidian: Manual List").setDesc("This shouldn't be necessary, but you can manually enable custom extensions here.").addToggle(
+      (toggle) => toggle.setValue(plugin.settings.custExt).onChange((value) => {
+        plugin.settings.custExt = value;
+        plugin.saveSettings();
+        this.display();
+      })
+    );
+    if (plugin.settings.custExt) {
+      new import_obsidian.Setting(containerEl).setName("Manual List").setDesc("Enter extension names (without the dot, ie, just docx separated by newlines).").addTextArea((textArea) => {
+        textArea.inputEl.rows = 5;
+        textArea.setValue(plugin.settings.custExtList.join("\n")).onChange(async (value) => {
+          plugin.settings.custExtList = value.split("\n");
+          plugin.saveSettings();
+        });
+      }).settingEl.style.borderTop = "none";
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// constants.ts
+var DEFAULT_SETTINGS = {
+  newTab: true,
+  PDFApp: true,
+  extOnlyWhenMetaKey: true,
+  allExt: false,
+  custExt: false,
+  custExtList: []
+};
+
+// main.ts
+var Opener = class extends import_obsidian2.Plugin {
+  constructor() {
+    super(...arguments);
+    this.isMetaKeyHeld = null;
+    this.sameTabOnce = false;
+    // Meta key listeners
+    // arrow syntax to preserve `this` context
+    this.keyDownHandler = (e) => {
+      if (e.key === "Meta" || e.key === "Control") {
+        this.isMetaKeyHeld = true;
+      }
+    };
+    this.keyUpHandler = (e) => {
+      if (e.key === "Meta" || e.key === "Control") {
+        this.isMetaKeyHeld = false;
+      }
+    };
+    // Mouse handler is needed because the key handler will not fire if the app is out of focus
+    this.mouseDownHandler = (e) => {
+      if (e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey) {
+        this.isMetaKeyHeld = true;
+      } else {
+        this.isMetaKeyHeld = false;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+  async onload() {
+    console.log("loading " + this.manifest.name + " plugin");
+    await this.loadSettings();
+    this.addSettingTab(new OpenerSettingTab(this.app, this));
+    this.updateMetaKeyListeners();
+    this.monkeyPatchOpenFile();
+    this.addCommands();
+    this.addMenuItem();
+  }
+  onunload() {
+    this.uninstallMonkeyPatchOpenFile && this.uninstallMonkeyPatchOpenFile();
+    this.removeMetaKeyListeners();
+    console.log("unloading " + this.manifest.name + " plugin");
+  }
+  async loadSettings() {
+    const data = await this.loadData();
+    this.settings = Object.assign({}, DEFAULT_SETTINGS, data);
+  }
+  async saveSettings() {
+    await this.saveData(this.settings);
+    this.updateMetaKeyListeners();
+  }
+  addCommands() {
+    this.addCommand({
+      id: "same-tab-once",
+      name: "Open next file in same tab (Obsidian default behavior)",
+      checkCallback: (checking) => {
+        if (checking) {
+          return this.settings.newTab;
+        }
+        this.sameTabOnce = true;
+        new import_obsidian2.Notice("Next file will open in same tab");
+      }
+    });
+    this.addCommand({
+      id: "enable-new-tab",
+      name: "Enable new tab for all files",
+      checkCallback: (checking) => {
+        if (checking) {
+          return !this.settings.newTab;
+        }
+        this.settings.newTab = true;
+        this.saveSettings();
+        new import_obsidian2.Notice("Opener: New tab for all files enabled");
+      }
+    });
+    this.addCommand({
+      id: "disable-new-tab",
+      name: "Disable new tab for all files",
+      checkCallback: (checking) => {
+        if (checking) {
+          return this.settings.newTab;
+        }
+        this.settings.newTab = false;
+        this.saveSettings();
+        new import_obsidian2.Notice("Opener: New tab for all files disabled");
+      }
+    });
+    this.addCommand({
+      id: "enable-pdf",
+      name: "Enable open all PDFs with default app",
+      checkCallback: (checking) => {
+        if (checking) {
+          return !this.settings.PDFApp;
+        }
+        this.settings.PDFApp = true;
+        this.saveSettings();
+        new import_obsidian2.Notice("Opener: Open all PDFs with default app enabled");
+      }
+    });
+    this.addCommand({
+      id: "disable-pdf",
+      name: "Disable open all PDFs with default app",
+      checkCallback: (checking) => {
+        if (checking) {
+          return this.settings.PDFApp;
+        }
+        this.settings.PDFApp = false;
+        this.saveSettings();
+        new import_obsidian2.Notice("Opener: Open all PDFs with default app disabled");
+      }
+    });
+    this.addCommand({
+      id: "open-graph-view-in-new-tab",
+      name: "Open Graph View in new tab",
+      callback: () => {
+        this.app.commands.executeCommandById("workspace:new-tab");
+        this.app.commands.executeCommandById("graph:open");
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  // add command to right-click menu
+  addMenuItem() {
+    this.registerEvent(
+      this.app.workspace.on("file-menu", (menu, file, source, leaf) => {
+        if (file instanceof import_obsidian2.TFile) {
+          menu.addItem((item) => {
+            item.setSection("open");
+            item.setTitle("Open in same tab").onClick(() => {
+              this.sameTabOnce = true;
+              this.app.workspace.getLeaf().openFile(file);
+            });
+          });
+        }
+      })
+    );
+  }
+  addMetaKeyListeners() {
+    if (this.isMetaKeyHeld !== null)
+      return;
+    this.isMetaKeyHeld = false;
+    document.addEventListener("keydown", this.keyDownHandler);
+    document.addEventListener("keyup", this.keyUpHandler);
+    document.addEventListener("mousedown", this.mouseDownHandler, { capture: true });
+  }
+  removeMetaKeyListeners() {
+    if (this.isMetaKeyHeld === null)
+      return;
+    document.removeEventListener("keydown", this.keyDownHandler);
+    document.removeEventListener("keyup", this.keyUpHandler);
+    document.removeEventListener("mousedown", this.mouseDownHandler, { capture: true });
+    this.isMetaKeyHeld = null;
+  }
+  updateMetaKeyListeners() {
+    if (this.settings.extOnlyWhenMetaKey) {
+      this.addMetaKeyListeners();
+    } else {
+      this.removeMetaKeyListeners();
+    }
+  }
+  monkeyPatchOpenFile() {
+    const parentThis = this;
+    this.uninstallMonkeyPatchOpenFile = around(import_obsidian2.WorkspaceLeaf.prototype, {
+      openFile(oldOpenFile) {
+        return async function(file, openState) {
+          var _a, _b, _c, _d, _e, _f, _g, _h;
+          const defaultBehavior = () => {
+            return oldOpenFile.apply(this, [file, openState]);
+          };
+          const preparedEmptyLeave = ((_a = this.getViewState()) == null ? void 0 : _a.type) == "empty";
+          if (((_b = openState == null ? void 0 : openState.state) == null ? void 0 : _b.mode) && preparedEmptyLeave) {
+            return defaultBehavior();
+          }
+          if (file.path == ((_c = app.workspace.getActiveFile()) == null ? void 0 : _c.path) && ((_d = openState == null ? void 0 : openState.eState) == null ? void 0 : _d.subpath)) {
+            return defaultBehavior();
+          }
+          if (parentThis.sameTabOnce) {
+            parentThis.sameTabOnce = false;
+            return defaultBehavior();
+          }
+          const ALLEXT = ["png", "webp", "jpg", "jpeg", "gif", "bmp", "svg", "mp3", "webm", "wav", "m4a", "ogg", "3gp", "flac", "mp4", "ogv", "mov", "mkv"];
+          const OBSID_OPENABLE = ALLEXT.concat(["md", "canvas", "pdf"]);
+          if (parentThis.settings.PDFApp && file.extension == "pdf" || parentThis.settings.allExt && ALLEXT.includes(file.extension) || parentThis.settings.custExt && parentThis.settings.custExtList.includes(file.extension)) {
+            if (!parentThis.settings.extOnlyWhenMetaKey || parentThis.isMetaKeyHeld) {
+              new import_obsidian2.Notice("Opening external file with default app (Opener Plugin)");
+              if (preparedEmptyLeave) {
+                this.detach();
+              }
+              parentThis.app.openWithDefaultApp(file.path);
+              return;
+            } else {
+              new import_obsidian2.Notice("Opener Tip: Hold Cmd/Ctrl key to open with default app");
+            }
+          }
+          if (!parentThis.settings.newTab) {
+            return defaultBehavior();
+          }
+          if (this.group) {
+            new import_obsidian2.Notice("Opener: This is a Linked Tab! Opening in same tab therefore.");
+            return defaultBehavior();
+          }
+          const matchingLeaves = [];
+          const pushLeaveIfMatching = (leaf) => {
+            var _a2;
+            if (((_a2 = leaf.getViewState().state) == null ? void 0 : _a2.file) == file.path) {
+              matchingLeaves.push(leaf);
+            }
+          };
+          app.workspace.iterateRootLeaves(pushLeaveIfMatching);
+          (_g = (_f = (_e = app.workspace.getLayout()) == null ? void 0 : _e.floating) == null ? void 0 : _f.children) == null ? void 0 : _g.forEach((win) => {
+            var _a2;
+            if ((win == null ? void 0 : win.type) !== "window")
+              return console.log("Opener-Plugin: Strange floating object found (no window)", win);
+            (_a2 = win.children) == null ? void 0 : _a2.forEach((tabs) => {
+              var _a3;
+              if ((tabs == null ? void 0 : tabs.type) !== "tabs")
+                return console.log("Opener-Plugin: Strange floating object found (no tabs)", tabs);
+              (_a3 = tabs.children) == null ? void 0 : _a3.forEach((leaf) => {
+                if ((leaf == null ? void 0 : leaf.type) !== "leaf")
+                  return console.log("Opener-Plugin: Strange floating object found (no leaf)", leaf);
+                pushLeaveIfMatching(app.workspace.getLeafById(leaf.id));
+              });
+            });
+          });
+          if (matchingLeaves.length) {
+            if (preparedEmptyLeave) {
+              new import_obsidian2.Notice(`File is now open in ${matchingLeaves.length + 1} Tabs`);
+              return defaultBehavior();
+            } else {
+              return oldOpenFile.apply(matchingLeaves[0], [file, openState]);
+            }
+          }
+          if (preparedEmptyLeave) {
+            return defaultBehavior();
+          }
+          if (!((_h = parentThis.app.viewRegistry) == null ? void 0 : _h.getTypeByExtension(file.extension))) {
+            return defaultBehavior();
+          }
+          return oldOpenFile.apply(app.workspace.getLeaf("tab"), [
+            file,
+            openState
+          ]);
+        };
+      }
+    });
+  }
+};

.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-opener/manifest.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"id":"obsidian-opener","name":"Opener","minAppVersion":"0.15.9","description":"Open links in new/existing tabs by default. Open PDFs in System App by default. Can open other file formats in System Apps if desired.","author":"Aidan Gibson","authorUrl":"https://github.com/aidan-gibson","isDesktopOnly":false,"version":"2.1.2"}

.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-style-settings/manifest.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
 	"id": "obsidian-style-settings",
 	"name": "Style Settings",
-	"version": "1.0.9",
+	"version": "1.0.8",
 	"minAppVersion": "0.11.5",
 	"description": "Offers controls for adjusting theme, plugin, and snippet CSS variables.",
 	"author": "mgmeyers",

.obsidian/plugins/obsidian42-brat/data.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "pluginList": [
+    "aidan-gibson/obsidian-opener"
+  ],
+  "pluginSubListFrozenVersion": [],
+  "themesList": [],
+  "updateAtStartup": true,
+  "updateThemesAtStartup": true,
+  "enableAfterInstall": true,
+  "loggingEnabled": false,
+  "loggingPath": "BRAT-log",
+  "loggingVerboseEnabled": false,
+  "debuggingMode": false,
+  "notificationsEnabled": true,
+  "personalAccessToken": ""
+}

.obsidian/plugins/obsidian42-brat/manifest.json

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+	"id": "obsidian42-brat",
+	"name": "BRAT",
+	"version": "1.0.1",
+	"minAppVersion": "1.4.16",
+	"description": "Easily install a beta version of a plugin for testing.",
+	"author": "TfTHacker",
+	"authorUrl": "https://github.com/TfTHacker/obsidian42-brat",
+	"helpUrl": "https://tfthacker.com/BRAT",
+	"isDesktopOnly": false,
+	"fundingUrl": {
+		"Buy Me a Coffee": "https://bit.ly/o42-kofi",
+		"Visit my site": "https://tfthacker.com"
+	}
+}

.obsidian/plugins/obsidian42-brat/styles.css

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.brat-modal .modal-button-container {
+  margin-top: 5px !important;
+}

.obsidian/snippets/highlight-color.css

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-.cm-s-obsidian span.cm-formatting-highlight, .cm-s-obsidian span.cm-highlight, .markdown-rendered mark {
+.cm-s-obsidian span.cm-formatting-highlight, .cm-s-obsidian span.cm-highlight, .markdown-rendered mark {
-    --text-highlight-bg: #e6cee7;
+    --text-highlight-bg: #e6cee7;
 }

.obsidian/snippets/spacing.css

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-.cm-s-obsidian .cm-line.HyperMD-header {
+.cm-s-obsidian .cm-line.HyperMD-header {
-    padding-top: 0;
+    padding-top: 0;
 }

.obsidian/snippets/usage.css

@@ -1,55 +1,55 @@
-.usage {
+.usage {
-    display:flex;
+    display:flex;
-    flex-direction: row;
+    flex-direction: row;
-    align-items: center;
+    align-items: center;
-}
+}
-
+
-.usage p {
+.usage p {
-    margin:0;
+    margin:0;
-}
+}
-
+
-.usage .box {
+.usage .box {
-    border: 1px solid black;
+    border: 1px solid black;
-    border-radius: 0.5rem;
+    border-radius: 0.5rem;
-    padding: 0.2rem 0.3rem 0.2rem 0.3rem;
+    padding: 0.2rem 0.3rem 0.2rem 0.3rem;
-    display: inline-block;
+    display: inline-block;
-    width: fit-content;
+    width: fit-content;
-    margin: 0.2rem;
+    margin: 0.2rem;
-}
+}
-
+
-.usage .left {
+.usage .left {
-    padding-right: 1.7rem;
+    padding-right: 1.7rem;
-
+
-    background-image: linear-gradient(black, black), linear-gradient(black, black);
+    background-image: linear-gradient(black, black), linear-gradient(black, black);
-    background-repeat: no-repeat;
+    background-repeat: no-repeat;
-    background-size: 8px 2px;
+    background-size: 8px 2px;
-    background-position: top right, bottom right;
+    background-position: top right, bottom right;
-
+
-    border-right: solid black;
+    border-right: solid black;
-    border-width: 0 2px;
+    border-width: 0 2px;
-}
+}
-
+
-.usage .right {
+.usage .right {
-    padding-left: 1rem;
+    padding-left: 1rem;
-}
+}
-
+
-.usage .r {
+.usage .r {
-    margin-left: 0.25rem;
+    margin-left: 0.25rem;
-    margin-right: 0.25rem;
+    margin-right: 0.25rem;
-}
+}
-
+
-.usage .ileft {
+.usage .ileft {
-    padding-left: 1.7rem;
+    padding-left: 1.7rem;
-
+
-    background-image: linear-gradient(black, black), linear-gradient(black, black);
+    background-image: linear-gradient(black, black), linear-gradient(black, black);
-    background-repeat: no-repeat;
+    background-repeat: no-repeat;
-    background-size: 8px 2px;
+    background-size: 8px 2px;
-    background-position: top left, bottom left;
+    background-position: top left, bottom left;
-
+
-    border-left: solid black;
+    border-left: solid black;
-    border-width: 0 2px;
+    border-width: 0 2px;
-}
+}
-
+
-.usage .iright {
+.usage .iright {
-    padding-right: 1rem;
+    padding-right: 1rem;
 }

Conjugation/Conditional.md

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Negative form:
 	<p class="right">+ なければ</p>
 </div>
 
-See Conjugation [[Basics]] for verbs (the う sound transforms to the corresponding え sound).
+See Conjugation [[Basics]] for verbs (the う sound transforms the the corresponding え sound).
 
 Means "if". A conditional relationship without the cause-effect relationship of と.
 If A happens, then B. Situations must be hypothetical. Generally used for one-time results.
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ Means "if we assume that A, B".
 
 ## もし(も)
 
-Used with conditional forms ば, と, たら and ても (see [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも|Even if: ても・でも]]).
+Used with conditional forms ば, と, たら and ても (see [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]]).
 もしも puts more emphasis than もし.
 
 > [!info] Example

Conjugation/Misc.md

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-# Misc.
-
-## ～まい
-
-～まい is the opposition of the volitional form (よう). It means "will not".
-
-Careful of two exceptions:
-* する => すまい
-* くる => こまい
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この{川|かわ}は{危|あぶ}ないようだ。ここで{泳|およぐ}ぐ==まい==。
-> This river seems dangerous. I won't swim here.
-
-## ～得る・～得ない
-
-{得|え}る means "able to", "possible". Can be conjugated: えない, えた, えなかった.
-Made by:
-* adding まい to a V-る (dictionary form)
-* removing the ます stem from a verb and adding まい
-
-> [!info] Example
-> それはあり==得ない==。
-> That is impossible.
-
-⚠ Can also be read うる (on this tense only).
-
-## ぬ
-
-It is the traditional negative form of verbs: ぬ instead of ない.
-Exceptions:
-する -> せぬ
-くる -> こぬ
-いる -> あらぬ
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼女|かのじょ}はここにはあら==ぬ==。
-> She is not here.

Conjugation/TeF (2) - manner of doing.md

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Means "glad that".
 ## ているところ
 
 Means "in the process/middle of doing". Can either talk about the exact moment or in general.
-See also [[Time - recently#たところ]].
+See also [[🔰 Grammar/Time#たところ]].
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {現在|げんざい}、{求職|きゅうしょく}し==ているところ==です。
@@ -114,46 +114,3 @@ Used with verbs in て form.
 > [!info] Example
 > {夜|よる}ので、{歌|うた}え==ている場合じゃない==！
 > It's night, so it's no time to be singing!
-
-## てばかりはいられない
-
-Means "can't keep doing". Can also be used as てばかりもいられない.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {走|は}==ってばかりはいられない==。
-> I can't keep running.
-
-## ていては
-
-Means "if something continues". Used generally for negative outcomes.
-Only used for verbs.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {酒|さけ}しかを{飲|の}ん==でいては==、{健康|けんこう}が{悪|わる}くなる。
-> If you only drink alcool, your health will worsen.
-
-## てならない
-
-Means "extremely", "can't help but to do". Usually used for natural things occuring that cannot be controlled, like feeling.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この{町|まち}には{寒|さむ}く==てならない==。
-> It's extremely cold in this town.
-
-## てたまらない
-
-With verbs conjugated in the たい form, this means "can't help but want to".
-With other forms, this means "extremely".
-
-> [!info] Example
->  {留学|りゅうがく}に{行|い}きたく==てたまらない==。
-> I can't help but want to go abroad.
-
-## てはいられない
-
-Means "unable to", "cannot afford to". 
-
-> [!info] Example
-> お{金|かね}がないから、レストランに{食|た}べ==てはいられない==。
-> I can't afford to eat at a restaurant because I don't have any money.
-

Conjugation/TeF (3) - give & receive.md

@@ -1,56 +1,56 @@
-# Te-Form (3) - give & receive
+# Te-Form (3) - give & receive
-
+
-Extends the common forms of あげる, くれる, and もらう, but what is received or given is now a verb, instead of a noun.
+Extends the common forms of あげる, くれる, and もらう, but what is received or given is now a verb, instead of a noun.
-
+
-## てあげる
+## てあげる
-
+
-Expresses that someone is doing or did something for someone else.
+Expresses that someone is doing or did something for someone else.
-The person that received the favor is followed by the に particle.
+The person that received the favor is followed by the に particle.
-Only for **verbs**.
+Only for **verbs**.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 母にケーキを買==ってあげた==。
+> 母にケーキを買==ってあげた==。
-> I bought a cake for my mother.
+> I bought a cake for my mother.
-> 
+> 
-
+
-For casual language, てやる can be used.
+For casual language, ==てやる== can be used.
-
+
-## てくれる
+## てくれる
-
+
-Used to ask a favor from someone or to say that something was done to the speaker.
+Used to ask a favor from someone or to say that something was done to the speaker.
-The person that received the favor (usually oneself and thus omitted) is followed by the に particle.
+The person that received the favor (usually oneself and thus omitted) is followed by the に particle.
-Only for **verbs**.
+Only for **verbs**.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {友達|とも|だち}がギターを{教|おし}え==てくれる==。
+> {友達|とも|だち}がギターを{教|おし}え==てくれる==。
-> My friend will teach me the guitar.
+> My friend will teach me the guitar.
-
+
-### てくれてありがとう
+### てくれてありがとう
-
+
-This form expresses gratitude for something that benefited the speaker. It is not used for something expected.
+This form expresses gratitude for something that benefited the speaker. It is not used for something expected.
-Only for **verbs**.
+Only for **verbs**.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 今日来==てくれてありがとう==！
+> 今日来==てくれてありがとう==！
-> Thank you for coming today!
+> Thank you for coming today!
-
+
-## てもらう
+## てもらう
-
+
-This form expresses gratitude for a favor that the recipient generally requested for, or where gratitude is the focus.
+This form expresses gratitude for a favor that the recipient generally requested for, or where gratitude is the focus.
-Only for **verbs**.
+Only for **verbs**.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {友達|とも|だち}が手伝==ってもらった==。
+> {友達|とも|だち}が手伝==ってもらった==。
-> My friend helped me (and I owe him / because I asked him and I am grateful)
+> My friend helped me (and I owe him / because I asked him and I am grateful)
-
+
-## てくれない・てもらえない
+## てくれない・てもらえない
-
+
-Used as a mean to ask for a favor like "would you, could you?". Used in a similar form to じゃないか.
+Used as a mean to ask for a favor like "would you, could you?". Used in a similar form to じゃないか.
-Only for **verbs**.
+Only for **verbs**.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {電気|でん|き}をつけ==てもらえない==か。
+> {電気|でん|き}をつけ==てもらえない==か。
-> Could you please turn on the lights?
+> Could you please turn on the lights?
-> 
+> 
-> 電気をつけ==ないでもらえない==か。
+> 電気をつけ==ないでもらえない==か。
-> Could you please turn off the light?
+> Could you please turn off the light?

Conjugation/TeF (4) - even if.md

@@ -67,11 +67,3 @@ Used to make a supposition. Would translate to something like "even if... is the
 > [!info] Example
 > ==たとえ=={新幹線|しん|かん|せん}==でも==、１時間かかる。
 > Even if you take the Shinkansen, it will take one hour.
-
-### てでも
-
-Means "even if I have to". Expresses a strong determination to do something.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {午前|ごぜん}４{時|じ}に{起|お}きれ==てでも==、{遅刻|ちこく}するつもりはない。
-> Even if it means waking up at 4am, I don't intend to be late.

Conjugation/TeF (5) - Misc.md

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-# Te-Form (5) - Misc
-
-## て以来
-
-て{以来|いらい} means "since". Not used for recent events.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {日本|にほん}に{引|ひ}っ{越|こき}し==て以来==、{帰国|きこく}していませんでした。
-> Ever since I moved to Japan, I haven't been back to my own country.
-
-## てこそ
-
-Means "since", "only if", "unless", "until". Emphasizes on the relationship between the two parts of the sentence.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {先生|せんせい}にな==ってこそ==、{観点|かんてん}が{変|か}わる。
-> Only by becoming a teacher, your perspective changes.
-
-## てまで
-
-Means "to go as far as", "to do excessive effort".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> カードゲームが{好|す}きですけど、{全部|ぜんぶ}の{給料|きゅうりょう}を{費|つい}やし==てまで==と{思|おも}わない。
-> I like card games, but I don't want to spend my entire salary on them.
-
-## て当然だ
-
-て{当然|とうぜん}だ means that something is natural, expected.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 私が{作|つく}ったから、{完璧|かんぺき}==で当然だ==！
-> I made it, so obviously it's perfect!
-
-## ては・では
-
-It is used as a condition: "if", "when", "whenever". Generally expresses a negative outcome.
-は can be changed to ちゃ with verbs, and じゃ with な-adjectives and nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {授業|じゅぎょう}に{来|こ}なく==ては=={卒業|そつぎょう}できない。
-> If you don't come to class, you will not be able to graduate.
-
-## ては～ては
-
-Same structure as [[TeF (5) - Misc#ては・では]], this time only used with verbs. Means the repetition of an action or a phenomenon.
-The verbs can be in the same order or not in the two part.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {働|はたら}い==ては=={寝|ね}、{寝|ね}==ては=={働|はたら}くばかりの{生活|せいかつ}はずるいと{思|おも}います。
-> I think a life of only working and sleeping, sleeping and working is unfair.

index.md

@@ -1,28 +1,23 @@
----
-
-title: Japanese Grammar
-
----
 # Japanese Grammar
 
 Welcome to my Japanese Grammar project!
 
 ## Goal
 
-The goal of this website is to be a synthesis of useful resources for my Japanese learning adventure. I want to have grammar points next to each other, independently of any "difficulty level", set up in a logical and consistent form. I don't want to have to open five pages to compare information, and I don't want a deep dive into a notion. The goal is to be a reminder of the things I learn, rather than a way to learn. I want a few examples to grasp it, but I do not want to have ten of the same kind. And nothing quite fits for me!
+The goal of this website is to be a synthesis of useful resources for my Japanese learning adventure. I want to have grammar points next to each other, independently of any "difficulty level", set up in a logical and consistent form. I don't want to have to open 5 pages to compare information, and I don't want a deep dive into a notion. The goal is to be a reminder of the things I learn, rather than a way to learn. I want a few examples to grasp it, but I do not want to have ten of the same kind. And nothing quite fits for me!
 
 ## Sources
 
-Of course, since I'm _learning_ the language, I need to get inspired from different sources. So this website partly uses information from the websites listed here. I don't want any recognition of what is here! It's mostly a compilation of what people who are way better in this language have made before.
+Of course, since I'm _learning_ the language, I need to borrow what I write from different sources. So this website uses data from the websites listed here. I don't want any recognition of what is here! It's mostly a compilation of what people who are way better in this language have made before.
 
 * [Bunpro](https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points)
 * [JLPT Sensei](https://jlptsensei.com/#jlpt-grammar-lists)
 * [Maggie Sensei](https://maggiesensei.com/)
-* [Try! Series of books](https://ask-books.com/jlpt-try-prep/)
+* [Try! Series of books](https://2024.ask-books.com/tag/try/)
-* [A Handbook of Japanese Grammar](https://www.9640.jp/nihongo/en/detail/?678)
 * [Hedgehog Japanese](https://hedgehog-japanese.com/category/grammar/)
-* [Wasabi](https://wasabi-jpn.com/magazine/japanese-grammar/wasabis-online-japanese-grammar-reference/?lang=en)
+* [Wasabi](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/category/japanese-grammar/)
 * [Japanese StackExchange](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/)
+* [Guide du Japonais](https://guidedujaponais.fr/)
 * [Tofugu](https://www.tofugu.com)
 * [Imabi](https://imabi.org/table-of-contents-%e7%9b%ae%e6%ac%a1/)
 * [Tae-Kim's Guide](https://guidetojapanese.org/learn/)
@@ -41,7 +36,6 @@ In addition to those I cited, here are other resources I find useful.
 
 * [Sakubun](https://sakubun.xyz/)
 * [NHK News Web Easy](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/)
-* [Natively](https://learnnatively.com/browse/jpn/)
 
 ### Grammar
 
@@ -52,11 +46,8 @@ In addition to those I cited, here are other resources I find useful.
 
 * [Jisho](https://jisho.org/), an online dictionary
 * [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org), for its sentences database
-
+* [Tangorin](https://tangorin.com/sentences), for its sentences database
-### Apps
-
-- [Anki](https://apps.ankiweb.net/), the spaced repetition software
 
 ## Any errors?
 
-If you find any error, please do contact me! I wrote the examples by myself, so they might not be accurate. You can find my website in the footer of any page of this website. Thanks!
+If you find any error, please do contact me! You can find my website in the footer of any page of this website. Thanks!

🔰 Grammar/Actions.md

@@ -1,135 +1,135 @@
-# Actions
+# Actions
-
+
-## になる
+## になる
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + <strike>い</strike> + く</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + <strike>い</strike> + く</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + に</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + に</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + に</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + に</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ なる</p>
+	<p class="right">+ なる</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means "to become".
+Means "to become".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {新幹線|しんかんせん}==になりたい==！
+> {新幹線|しんかんせん}==になりたい==！
-> I want to become a bullet train!
+> I want to become a bullet train!
-
+
-## にする
+## にする
-
+
-### To decide
+### To decide
-
+
-Means "to decide".
+Means "to decide".
-Used with nouns.
+Used with nouns.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> このレストラン==にしました==。
+> このレストラン==にしました==。
-> I've decided on this restaurant.
+> I've decided on this restaurant.
-
+
-### Make something
+### Make something
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + <strike>い</strike> + く</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + <strike>い</strike> + く</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + に</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + に</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ なる</p>
+	<p class="right">+ なる</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means to "make something more".
+Means to "make something more".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> ストーブを{点|つ}けて{部屋|へや}を{暑|あつ}==くする==。
+> ストーブを{点|つ}けて{部屋|へや}を{暑|あつ}==くする==。
-> Turn on the heater to make the room hotter.
+> Turn on the heater to make the room hotter.
-
+
-## ようになる
+## ようになる
-
+
-Means "to reach a point". Used with verbs.
+Means "to reach a point". Used with verbs.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> この本{全部|ぜんぶ}{分|わ}かる==ようになった==。
+> この本{全部|ぜんぶ}{分|わ}かる==ようになった==。
-> I've come to understand all of this book.
+> I've come to understand all of this book.
-
+
-## に気がつく
+## に気がつく
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V + こと</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V + こと</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ に気がつく</p>
+	<p class="right">+ に気がつく</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-に{気|き}がつく means "to notice", "to realize".
+に{気|き}がつく means "to notice", "to realize".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {新|あたら}しいレストランが{開店|かい|てん}==に気がついた==。
+> {新|あたら}しいレストランが{開店|かい|てん}==に気がついた==。
-> I noticed a new restaurant opened.
+> I noticed a new restaurant opened.
-
+
-## と思う
+## と思う
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ と思う</p>
+	<p class="right">+ と思う</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-と{思|おも}う means "to think".
+と{思|おも}う means "to think".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {変|へん}だ==と思わない==か。
+> {変|へん}だ==と思わない==か。
-> Don't you think it's strange?
+> Don't you think it's strange?
-> 
+> 
-> 今日は{公園|こう|えん}に行く==と思います==。
+> 今日は{公園|こう|えん}に行く==と思います==。
-> I think I'll go to the park today.
+> I think I'll go to the park today.
-
+
-## すぎる
+## すぎる
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ すぎる</p>
+	<p class="right">+ すぎる</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means "too much", "exceeding".
+Means "too much", "exceeding".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {昨晩|さく|ばん}に{飲|の}み==すぎて=={頭|あたま}が{痛|いた}い。
+> {昨晩|さく|ばん}に{飲|の}み==すぎて=={頭|あたま}が{痛|いた}い。
-> I drank too much last night and my head hurts.
+> I drank too much last night and my head hurts.
-
+
-## Try to
+## Try to
-
+
-### ようにする
+### ようにする
-
+
-Means "to try to", "to make sure to". It's more of an assertion than ようとする.
+Means "to try to", "to make sure to". It's more of an assertion than ようとする.
-Used with a verb.
+Used with a verb.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 毎日に{朝|あさ}ご{飯|はん}を食べる==ようにします==。
+> 毎日に{朝|あさ}ご{飯|はん}を食べる==ようとします==。
-> I'll try to eat a breakfast everyday.
+> I'll try to eat a breakfast everyday.
-
+
-### ようとする・ようとしない
+### ようとする・ようとしない
-
+
-Means "try to", "attempt to" (or not, in the negative form). It's more of an attempt than with ようにする. Can also mean "just as I was about to".
+Means "try to", "attempt to" (or not, in the negative form). It's more of an attempt than with ようにする.
-Used with the volitional form of verbs (よう).
+Used with the volitional form of verbs (よう).
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 出かけ==ようとした==時、電話が{鳴|な}ってた。
+> 出かけ==ようとした==時、電話が{鳴|な}ってた。
-> At the time I was trying to go out, the phone rang.
+> At the time I was trying to go out, the phone rang.
-> 
+> 
-> さっき店に{入|はい}==ろうとしたら==が、ドアが{閉|し}まってしまいました。
+> さっき店に{入|はい}==ろうとしたら==が、ドアが{閉|し}まってしまいました。
-> I tried to enter the shop earlier, but the door was closed...
+> I tried to enter the shop earlier, but the door was closed...
-> 
+> 
-> 彼は{運動|うんどう}し==ようとしない==。
+> 彼は{運動|うんどう}し==ようとしない==。
-> He doesn't try to exercise.
+> He doesn't try to exercise.
-
+
-⚠ Not used in negative form to talk about oneself.
+⚠ Not used in negative form to talk about oneself.

🔰 Grammar/Adverbs.md

@@ -1,107 +1,93 @@
-# Adverbs
+# Adverbs
-
+
-## さすが
+## さすが
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
+<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">さすが</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">さすが</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="r">+ に + V</p>
+	<p class="r">+ に + V</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
+<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">さすが</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">さすが</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="r">+ の + N</p>
+	<p class="r">+ の + N</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means "as expected".
+Means "as expected".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> ==さすが==のオランダ人、{自転車|じてんしゃ}で{通|かよ}う。
+> ==さすが==のオランダ人、{自転車|じてんしゃ}で{通|かよ}う。
-> As expected of a Dutch, they commute by bicycle.
+> As expected of a Dutch, they commute by bicycle.
-
+
-## そんなに
+## そんなに
-
+
-Means "so much" or "like that".
+Means "so much" or "like that".
-Not used with nouns.
+Not used with nouns.
-
+
-⚠ It is applied to the following word, not the preceding one.
+⚠ It is applied to the following word, not the preceding one.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {僕|ぼく}は{卵|たまご}が==そんなに==好きじゃない。
+> {僕|ぼく}は{卵|たまご}が==そんなに==好きじゃない。
-> I don't like eggs that much.
+> I don't like eggs that much.
-
+
-## なかなか～ない
+## なかなか～ない
-
+
-This form means that an effort has been made, but no outcome happens. Can be translated as "not easy to", "not able to", "hardly", "not at all".
+This form means that an effort has been made, but no outcome happens. Can be translated as "not easy to", "not able to", "hardly", "not at all".
-This form is used with a verb in the negative form (ない).
+This form is used with a verb in the negative form (ない).
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 雨だから、==なかなか==タクシーが来てい==ません==。
+> 雨だから、==なかなか==タクシーが来てい==ません==。
-> Because of the rain, it's not easy to get a taxi.
+> Because of the rain, it's not easy to get a taxi.
-> 
+> 
-> ==なかなか==お{酒|さけ}止めるでき==ない==。
+> ==なかなか==お{酒|さけ}止めるでき==ない==。
-> It is not easy to stop drinking.
+> It is not easy to stop drinking.
-
+
-## 一体
+## 一体
-
+
-{一体|いったい} is used to make an emphasis when something is surprising, confusing, etc.
+{一体|いったい} is used to make an emphasis when something is surprising, confusing, etc.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> ==いったい=={誰|だれ}がそんなことをしたか。
+> ==いったい=={誰|だれ}がそんあことをしたか。
-> Who in the world would do something like this?
+> Who in the world would do something like this?
-
+
-## まるで
+## まるで
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-	<p class="iright">まるで + </p>
+	<p class="iright">まるで + </p>
-<div class="ileft">
+<div class="ileft">
-	<p><span class="box">V + よう・みたい</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V + よう・みたい</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + のよう・みたい</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + のよう・みたい</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means "as if".
+Means "as if".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> え、{中古|ちゅうこ}ですね。==まるで=={新規|しんき}の==よう==です。
+> え、{中古|ちゅうこ}ですね。==まるで=={新規|しんき}の==よう==です。
-> Eh, it's second-hand? It looks like new.
+> Eh, it's second-hand? It looks like new.
-
+
-## もう
+## むしろ
-
+
-Means "already".
+Means "instead" or "rather".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> ==もう==出ちゃった。
+> ==むしろ=={自転車|じてんしゃ}で行こうと思います。
-> They already left.
+> I think I'd rather go by bike.
-
+
-## すでに
+## もう
-
+
-Means "already". More formal than もう, implies that something is too late and cannot be changed.
+Means "already".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {遅|おそ}く{起|お}きたので==すでに==バスは{出発|しゅっぱつ}してしまった。
+> ==もう==出ちゃった。
-> I woke up late, so the bus already left.
+> They already left.
-
+
-## どうせ
+## すでに
-
+
-Means "anyhow", "at any rate".
+Means "already". More formal than もう, implies that something is too late and cannot be changed.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> ==どうせ==、{僕|ぼく}のアドバイスを{聞|き}かないんでしょう。
+> {遅|おそ}く{起|お}きたので==すでに==バスは{出発|しゅっぱつ}してしまった。
-> Anyhow, you won't listen to advice, right?
+> I woke up late, so the bus already left.
-
-## なお
-
-Means "more", "in addition". Used in writing.
-Can be used:
-- in a similar way as もっと;
-- to add information to a previous sentence.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==なお=={考|かんが}えるせんいけない。
-> I still have to think about it.
-> 
-> {今日|きょう}はたくみさんが{休|やす}みです。==なお==、{彼|かれ}は{仕事|しごと}を{終|お}わりなかった。
-> Takumi-san is not there today. In addition, he did not finish his work.

🔰 Grammar/Advice - Guidance - Proposition.md

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-# Advice, guidance, proposition
-
-## たらどう
-
-Used to ask about a situation, usually to give advice. Translates to "why don't you" or "how about".
-Used with the たら form of verbs.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ゲームをし==たらどう==か。
-> How about you play a game?
-
-## たらいいですか
-
-Used to ask about an advice or instructions. Translates to "what should I do".
-Used with the たら form of verbs.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 何を{飲|の}ん==だらいいですか==。
-> What should I drink?
-
-## ことだ
-
-Means "should do". It is used for suggestion or giving advice in spoken language.
-Used after verbs with a る or ない ending.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {砂糖|さとう}が{多|おお}すぎる{食|た}べ{物|もの}を{食|た}べない==ことだ==。
-> You shouldn't eat food that is too high in sugar.
-
-## ようではないか
-
-Means "why don't we", "shall we", "let's do". Used with a verb in the volitional form (おう). ではないか can be replaced by じゃないか.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {一緒|いっしょ}に{飲|の}==もうではないか==。
-> Why don't we have drinks together?

🔰 Grammar/Advice - Guidance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Advice & guidance
+
+## たらどう
+
+Used to ask about a situation, usually to give advice. Translates to "why don't you" or "how about".
+Used with the たら form of verbs.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ゲームをし==たらどう==か。
+> How about you play a game?
+
+## たらいいですか
+
+Used to ask about an advice or instructions. Translates to "what should I do".
+Used with the たら form of verbs.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 何を{飲|の}ん==だらいいですか==。
+> What should I drink?

🔰 Grammar/Amount.md

@@ -1,99 +1,74 @@
-# Amounts
+# Amount
-
+
-## くらい・ぐらい
+## くらい・ぐらい
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ くらい・ぐらい</p>
+	<p class="right">+ くらい・ぐらい</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means "about" or "approximately" when talking about numbers or counter words. Focuses on the uncertainty of the number.
+Means "about" or "approximately" when talking about numbers or counter words. Focuses on the uncertainty of the number.
-ぐらい is more common than くらい in conversations, but can change depending on the preceding word.
+ぐらい is more common than くらい in conversations, but can change depending on the preceding word.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {電車|でんしゃ}はどの==くらい==で{到着|とうちゃく}しますか。
+> {電車|でんしゃ}はどの==くらい==で{到着|とうちゃく}しますか。
-> About how much time will the train take to arrive?
+> About how much time will the train take to arrive?
-> 
+> 
-> {医者|いしゃ}に１時間==ぐらい==を{待|ま}ってました。
+> {医者|いしゃ}に１時間==ぐらい==を{待|ま}ってました。
-> I waited approximately an hour for the doctor.
+> I waited approximately an hour for the doctor.
-
+
-Also used to compare things as being similar.
+Also used to compare things as being similar.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {友達|ともだち}と{試験|しけん}の{結果|けっか}は{同|おな}じ==ぐらい==です。
+> {友達|ともだち}と{試験|しけん}の{結果|けっか}は{同|おな}じ==ぐらい==です。
-> My friend and I have about the same results at the test.
+> My friend and I have about the same results at the test.
-
+
-Also means "to the extent of".
+Also means "to the extent of".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 食べなくて{寝|ね}たい==ぐらい=={疲|つか}れています。
+> 食べなくて{寝|ね}たい==ぐらい=={疲|つか}れています。
-> I'm tired to the extent of not eating and going to sleep.
+> I'm tired to the extent of not eating and going to sleep.
-
+
-## ばかり
+## は particle
-
+
-Means "about" or "approximately", when used with nouns indicating time or distance. Has the same meaning as ぐらい or ほど, but only in written form.
+See [[🔰 Particles (1)#は]].
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+## ほど
-> {薬屋|くすりや}まで１０分==ばかり==かかる。
+
-> It takes about 10 minutes to get to the pharmacy.
+<div class="usage">
-
+<div class="left">
-## は particle
+	<p><span class="box">V (non-past)</span></p>
-
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-See [[🔰 Particles (1)#は]].
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-## ほど
+</div>
-
+	<p class="right">+ 程</p>
-<div class="usage">
+</div>
-<div class="left">
+
-	<p><span class="box">V (non-past)</span></p>
+Like くらい, it describes an approximate amount. It focuses on a limit being reached. It translates to "about" or "to the extent".
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+> [!info] Example
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+> {地下鉄|ちかてつ}を{乗|の}るために、{死|し}ぬ==程=={走|はし}った。
-</div>
+> In order to catch the subway, I ran to death.
-	<p class="right">+ 程</p>
+
-</div>
+## 一度に
-
+
-{程|ほど}, like くらい, it describes an approximate amount. It focuses on a limit being reached. It translates to "about" or "to the extent".
+{一度|いち|ど}に means "all at once".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {地下鉄|ちかてつ}を{乗|の}るために、{死|し}ぬ==程=={走|はし}った。
+> バスは==一度に==１００{人|にん}を{乗|の}せることができる。
-> In order to catch the subway, I ran to death.
+> A bus can carry 100 persons at a time.
-
+
-## 一応
+## ずつ
-
+
-{一応|いちおう} means "more or less", "roughly".
+Used with nouns that express a number or a counter, meaning "each", "at time".
-Can also mean "just in case". Used to tell the minimum required amount is done.
+Used with {少|すこ}し, means "little by little".
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Example
-> ==一応=={終|お}わりましたけど。
+> ２{個|こ}==ずつ==ください。
-> I more or less finished, but...
+> I'll take two of each please.
-
-## 一度に
-
-{一度|いち|ど}に means "all at once".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> バスは==一度に==１００{人|にん}を{乗|の}せることができる。
-> A bus can carry 100 persons at a time.
-
-## ずつ
-
-Used with nouns that express a number or a counter, meaning "each", "at time".
-Used with {少|すこ}し, means "little by little".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ２{個|こ}==ずつ==ください。
-> I'll take two of each please.
-
-## ろくに～ない
-
-Means "not enough, improperly, insufficiently". Used with a negative phrase.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> ５{年|ねん}{中国語|ちゅうごくご}を{勉強|べんきょう}したのに、==ろくに=={喋|しゃべ}ら==ない==。
-> Even tough I studied Chinese for 5 years, I cannot speak it really well.

🔰 Grammar/Amounts - frequency.md

@@ -1,19 +1,11 @@
 # Amounts of frequency
 
-## 再び
-
-{再|ふたた}び means "again", "once more".
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> ==再び=={来|き}ませんですね。
-> I won't be coming again.
-
 ## Never
 
 ### 決して～ない
 
 <div class="usage">
-	<p class="iright">決して + </p>
+	<p class="iright">消して + </p>
 <div class="ileft">
 	<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
 	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くない</span></p>
@@ -22,7 +14,7 @@
 </div>
 </div>
 
-{決|けっ}して～ない means "never". Used with negative verbs.
+{決|け}して~ない means "never". Used with negative verbs.
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > 私は==決して=={夢|ゆめ}を{覚|おぼ}えません。

🔰 Grammar/Amounts - quantification.md

@@ -43,14 +43,6 @@ Used with words in negative form.
 > どうしてエアコンを{付|つ}きましたか。{今|いま}は==別に=={暑|あつ}==くない==よ。
 > Why did you turn on the AC? It's not that hot right now.
 
-## わずかに
-
-Means "slightly", "only", "a little". Used at the beginning of a phrase to indicate a particularly small amount of something.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> いつでも{隣|となり}の{人|ひと}の{音|おと}が==わずかに=={聞|き}こえます。
-> You can always hear the neighbours a little bit.
-
 ## No matter how
 
 ### どんなに～ても
@@ -65,7 +57,7 @@ Means "slightly", "only", "a little". Used at the beginning of a phrase to indic
 </div>
 </div>
 
-Means "no matter how much". Also used as いくら～ても.
+Means "no matter how much". Also used as いくら~ても.
 
 > [!info] Example
 > ==どんなに=={練習|れんしゅう}し==ても==、マラソンを{走|はし}れない。
@@ -79,42 +71,6 @@ Means "no matter what".
 > ==どうしても=={花火|はなび}に行きたい。
 > No matter what, I want to go see the fireworks.
 
-## At least
-
-### 少なくとも
-
-{少|すく}なくとも means "at least". Implies an obligation.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==少なくとも==もっと{三人|さんにん}が{必要|ひつよう}です。
-> At least three more people are required.
-
-### せめて
-
-Means "at least". Implies a request.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==せめて=={週|しゅう}に{一度|いちど}{勉強|べんきょう}してください。
-> Please study at least once a week.
-
-## だけましだ
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + である</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ だけましだ</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "should be grateful for", "at least", "better than". Means that while something is not good, or not as good as one wishes, it's still better than nothing or an alternative.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {給料|きゅうりょう}がちょっとすくない、{就職|しゅうしょく}==だけましだ==。
-> The salary is a little low, but at least I found a job.
-
 ## Very
 
 ### てしょうがない・てしかたがない
@@ -129,11 +85,13 @@ Means "should be grateful for", "at least", "better than". Means that while some
 </div>
 
 Means both "extremely" and "can't be helped".
-See [[Can't help - doesn't matter#てしょうがない・てしかたがない]]
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {今日|きょう}は{暑|あつ}く==てしょうがない==。
 > Today is extremely hot.
+> 
+> {隣|となり}の{会話|かいわ}は{聞|き}き==ってしょうがない==。
+> I can't help but to listen to the conversion next door.
 
 ### なかなか
 
@@ -190,7 +148,7 @@ Means "as much as possible". なるべく is a bit softer than できるだけ.
 </div>
 
 Means "so much... that".
-Nominalized adjectives can be used as nouns. See [[Transformation#～さ adjective as noun]] and [[Transformation#～み adjective as noun]].
+Adjectives nominalized can be used as nouns. See [[Transformation#~さ adjective as noun]] and [[Transformation#~み adjective as noun]].
 
 > [!info] Example
 > おいしさの==あまり==、このレストラン{毎日|まいにち}行きたい。
@@ -218,61 +176,3 @@ Means "so much... that". A version of あまり that can also be used with adjec
 > [!info] Example
 > {先生|せんせい}が==あまりに=={厳|きび}しくて、{私|わたし}は{泣|な}き{始|はじ}めった。
 > The teacher was so strict that I started to cry.
-
-## Not at all
-
-### ちっとも～ない
-
-Means "not at all". Has a nuance of perhaps happening once or twice. It is casual.
-Used with a verb in the negative (ない) form.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==ちっとも=={学校|がっこう}を{休|やす}まない。
-> I never miss school.
-
-### 少しも～ない
-
-<div class="usage">
-	<p class="iright">少しも + </p>
-<div class="ileft">
-	<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + <strike>い</strike> くない</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + ではない</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + ではない</span></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-{少|すこ}しも～ない means "not at all". Has a nuance of perhaps happening once or twice. Mostly used in writing.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> そのアパートは==少しも==大きくなかった。
-> That appartment was really not big.
-
-### 全く～ない
-
-{全|まった}く～ない means "not at all". Has a nuance of absolutely never happening.
-Used with a verb in the negative (ない) form.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==全く=={信|しん}じられない。
-> That is absolutely unbelievable.
-
-### として～ない
-
-Means "not at all". Has a nuance of absolutely never happening.
-Insists more on the duration: "not even".
-Used before a a duration, a number, etc.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {彼女|かのじょ}は{一日|いちにち}==として=={仕事|しごと}を{遅|おく}れなかった。
-> She has never missed a day of work, not even one day.
-
-### 全然
-
-{全然|ぜんぜん} means "not at all".
-
-⚠ In more casual settings, it can be used for positive meanings: "completely", "totally".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==全然=={知|し}らなかった。
-> I had no idea.

🔰 Grammar/Based on.md

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-# Based on
-
-## からして
-
-Means "based on", "judging from". Extracts a conclusion from an observation.
-Used with nouns.
-
-Also used to present an extreme example where if A is true, then of course B will also be true. Generally negative.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {新|あたら}しい{部長|ぶちょう}のことの{噂|うわさ}==からして==、{心配|しんぱい}です。
-> Judging from the rumors about the new manager, I'm worried.
-> 
-> もちろん{親|おや}さんはうるさい==からしたら==、{子供|こども}もうるさいです。
-> Of course if the parents are noisy, the kids will also be.
-
-## をもとに・に沿って
-
-をもとに and に{沿|そ}って mean "based on", "in accordance with". Use a source to do something, following it.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この{教科書|きょうかしょ}==をもとに==、{練習問題|れんしゅうもんだい}を{作|つく}った。
-> Based on this text textbook, I made practice questions.
-
-## に基づいて
-
-に{基|もと}づいて means "based on". It is more formal than をもとに and に沿って.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この{映画|えいが}は{漫画|まんが}==に基づいた==。
-> This movie was based on a manga.
-
-## に応えて
-
-に{応|こた}えて means "in response to". Implies a change depending on what is necessary, suitable, etc.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {社長|しゃちょう}の{願|ねが}う==に応えて==、{残業|ざんぎょう}をしました。
-> In reponse to my boss's request, I worked overtime.
-
-## に応じて
-
-に{応|おう}じて means "in accordance with". It is less direct than に応えて.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {社長|しゃちょう}の{願|ねが}う==に応じて==、{残業|ざんぎょう}をしました。
-> In response to my boss's request, I worked overtime. (the request might have been implicit, and not asked directly)
-
-## の下で・のもとに
-
-の{下|もと}で・の{下|もと}に means "under", "on the basis of".
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {新|あたら}しい{法律|ほうりつ}==の下で==はそれは{禁止|きんし}されている。
-> Under the new law, that is prohibited.

🔰 Grammar/Can't help - doesn't matter.md

@@ -1,47 +1,20 @@
-# Can't help; doesn't matter
+# Can't help - Doesn't matter
 
 ## Can't help
 
-### てしょうがない・てしかたがない
-
-Means both "extremely" and "can't be helped". Implies that it's something very much wanted.
-Also expresses strong emotion, feeling, desire that cannot be controlled.
-See [[Amounts - quantification#てしょうがない・てしかたがない]].
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ラーメンが{食|た}べ==てしょうがない==。
-> I can't help but to eat ramen.
-> 
-> {隣|となり}の{会話|かいわ}は{聞|き}き==ってしょうがない==。
-> I can't help but to listen to the conversion next door.
-
 ### ずにはいられない
 
-Means "can't help but do something". Implies that one can't stop doing it.
+Means "can't help but do something".
 Made with a verb in the negative form (ない) without the ない ending and adding ずにはいられない. 
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {悲|かな}しいのでアイスクリーム食べ==ずには入れれない==。
 > I'm sad so I can't help but eat ice cream.
 
-## ないではいられない
+### てしょうがない・てしかたがない
 
-This means "cannot help doing something". Has the same nuance as ずにはいられない。
+Means can't be helped".
-Made with a verb in the negative form (ない) without the ない ending and adding ではいられない.
+See [[Amounts - quantification#てしょうがない・てしかたがない]].
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ゲームをし==ないではいられない==。
-> I can't help but play games.
-
-## ざるを得ない
-
-ざるを{得|え}ない means "can't help doing". Implies that it is not the first choice, but that there is no other option available.
-Made with a verb in the negative form (ない) and adding ざるを得ない.
-Exception: する becomes せ.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この{仕事|しごと}をせ==ざるを得ない==。
-> I have no choice but to do this job.
 
 ## Doesn't matter
 
@@ -57,7 +30,7 @@ Exception: する becomes せ.
 	<p class="right">+ もかまわない・もかまいません</p>
 </div>
 
-ても{構|かま}わない means "it doesn't matter if", "I don't mind".
+Means "it doesn't matter if", "I don't mind".
 
 > [!info] Example
 > ここで{座|すわ}==っても構いません==か。

🔰 Grammar/Certainty.md

@@ -2,37 +2,13 @@
 
 ## Certain
 
-### に決まっている
-
-に{決|き}まっている means "certain that". It is casual.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 私は{試験|しけん}を{合格|ごうかく}==に決まっている==。
-> I'm sure I'll pass the exam.
-
 ### に違いない
 
-に{違|ちが}いない means "certain that". It is polite.
+に{違|ちが}いない means "I'm certain that".
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {絶対|ぜったい}に来る==に違いない==。
+> 私は{試験|しけん}を{合格|ごうかく}==に違いない==。
-> He's definitely coming.
+> I'm sure I'll pass the exam.
-
-### に相違ない
-
-に{相|そう}{違|い}ない means "certain that". It is very formal.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 彼女は{必|かなら}ず{悲|かな}しい==に相違ない==。
-> I'm certain that she's sad.
-
-## Uncertain: というものではない
-
-Means "there is no guarantee that", "not necessarily".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {高|}い{商品|しょうひん}を{買|か}って{良質|りょうしつ}==というものではない==。
-> Buying a product that is expensive does not guarantee that it is of good quality.
 
 ## Not always: とは限らない
 
@@ -65,22 +41,23 @@ Means "there is no guarantee that", "not necessarily".
 	<p class="right">+ わけがない</p>
 </div>
 
-Means that there is no way, "impossible". The nuance is that the way of doing is unknown, thus impossible for the subject. But someone else might know.
+Means that there is no way, "impossible".
-It can also mean that the will to do is not present, especially with する.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> もうこんな時間。帰り==わけがない==。
+> {全部|ぜんぶ}食べられる==わけがない==よ！
-> It's already this late. I have no way to go back home (I don't know how).
+> It is impossible to eat it all!
 
 ### ようがない・ようもない
 
-～{様|よう}がない means that there is no way, "impossible".
+🛠 Todo: understand the nuance between わけがない and ようがない.
-Works by removing ～ます from a verb and adding ようがない・ようもない.
+🛠 Todo: understand the nuance between ようがない and ようもない.
-The nuance it that it is impossible in general. With する, it can mean the same as わけがない, i.e. "I don't know how to".
 
-> [!info] Example 
+~{様|よう}がない means that there is no way, "impossible".
-> {全部|ぜんぶ}食べられる==ようがない==よ！
+Works by removing ~ます from a verb and adding ようがない・ようもない.
-> It is impossible to eat it all!
+
+> [!info] Example
+> もうこんな時間。帰り==ようがない==。
+> It's already this late. I have no way to go back home.
 
 ### まさか
 

🔰 Grammar/Combination actions.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Those rules combine a verb and an adjective to make a new meaning.
 
 ## Difficulty
 
-### ～やすい: easy
+### ~やすい: easy
 
 Means: 
 * easy to do
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Means:
 > {泣|な}き==やすい==。
 > Prone to crying.
 
-### ～にくい・～づらい: difficult
+### ~にくい・~づらい: difficult
 
 Means that something is difficult to do.
 While にくい is the broader form, づらい is used in a more subjective manner, for actions that are intentional.
@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ While にくい is the broader form, づらい is used in a more subjective mann
 
 ### ～がたい: very difficult
 
-～がたい means that something is very difficult to do.
+~がたい means that something is very difficult to do.
-It is more extreme than ～にくい.
+It is more extreme than ~にくい.
 
 > [!info] Example
 > それは{信|しん}じ==がたい==な。
 > That's hard to believe...
 
-## ～始める
+## ~始める
 
 ～{始|はじ}める means that something starts or has started. Expresses intentionality.
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ It is more extreme than ～にくい.
 > {飲|の}み==始める==。
 > To start to drink.
 
-## ～出す
+## ~出す
 
 ～{出|だ}す means that something suddenly started. Has the nuance of being unintentional, or cannot be avoided.
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ It is more extreme than ～にくい.
 > 雨が降り==出した==。
 > It suddenly started raining.
 
-## ～続く
+## ~続く
 
 ～{続|つづ}く means that something continues.
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ It is more extreme than ～にくい.
 > {飲|の}み==続ける==。
 > To continue to drink.
 
-## ～終わる
+## ~終わる
 
 ～{終|お}わる means that something ends.
 
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ This can be used both as:
 
 ## ～切る・～切れる・～切れない
 
-～{切|き}る means "to do completely" and ～切れる means "able to do completely".
+~{切|き}る means "to do completely" and ~切れる means "able to do completely".
-The negative form ～切れない means "unable to do", "too much to complete".
+The negative form ~切れない means "unable to do", "too much to complete".
 It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
 
 > [!info] Example
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
 
 ## ～通す
 
-～{通|とお}す means "to do something until the end", "continually" or "through". It focuses on the process of the action, rather than its ending.
+~{通|とお}す means "to do something until the end", "continually" or "through". It focuses on the process of the action, rather than its ending.
 
 > [!info] Example
 > マラソンの{全部|ぜんぶ}を{走|はし}り==通した==。
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
 
 ## ～直す
 
-～{直|なお}す means to do something again.
+~{直|なお}す means to do something again.
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {今年|ことし}をやり==直す==てほしい。
@@ -124,63 +124,15 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
 
 ## ～っぱなし
 
-～っぱなし means leaving something as it is.
+~っぱなし means leaving something as it is.
 
 > [!info] Example
 > この１３時間{飛行|ひこう}で{座|すわ}り==っぱなし==でした。
 > I sat the entire time on this 13 hours flight.
 
-## ～かねる
-
-～かねる means "unable to do", due to an external circumstance. It is polite.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ごめんなさい、それをでき==かねます==。
-> I'm sorry, I cannot do that.
-
-## ～っこない
-
-～っこない means that something is not possible.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {全然|ぜんぜん}{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。。。{合格|ごうかく}し==っこない==よ。
-> I did not study at all... There's no way I'll pass.
-
-## ～抜く
-
-～{抜|ぬ}く means to do something to the end, or completely. The nuance is that someone tried hard and has made an effort to achieve this result.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> それは{毎日|まいにち}やり==抜く=={無理|むり}ですよ。
-> You cannot do this every day.
-
-## ～給え
-
-～{給|たま}え is used for a light order. It is used by someone of higher rank to someone of lower rank.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ここに{座|すわ}り==給え==。
-> Seat here.
-
-## ～つつ(も)
-
-～つつ means that something happens at the same time as another action. Adding も adds the meaning of "even": "even while doing".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 食べ==つつ==、飲みましょう。
-> While eating, let's drink.
-
-## ～つつある
-
-～つつある means that something is in an ongoing process or action, in a similar manner as てくる.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}り==つつある==。
-> It is snowing.
-
 ## ～込む
 
-～{込|こ}む has multiple meanings depending on the verb. Sometimes it is idiomatic and so it cannot exactly be guessed. However, there are some broad categories.
+~{込|こ}む has multiple meanings depending on the verb. Sometimes it is idiomatic and so it cannot exactly be guessed. However, there are some broad categories.
 
 ⚠ Depending on the context, verbs can fall into multiple categories!
 

🔰 Grammar/Comparison.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## より
 
-With the following pattern, it means that A is "more" something "than" B.
+With the following pattern, it means that A is "more" Adj "than" B.
 
 <div class="usage">
 	<p class="r">AはB +</p>
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ With the following pattern, it means that A is "more" something "than" B.
 > 電車は車==より=={速|はや}いです。
 > Trains are faster than cars.
 
-Do not confuse with [[🔰 Particles (2)#より]].
-
 ## より(も)
 
 <div class="usage">
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ Used with nouns.
 </div>
 
 Means that the extent has not been reached, so it is not as much.
-See also [[Amounts#ほど]].
+See also [[Amount#ほど]].
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {韓国|かんこく}==ほど=={辛|から}いの食べ{物|もの}は==ない==。
@@ -119,28 +117,3 @@ See also [[Amounts#ほど]].
 > 
 > {中国|ちゅうごく}{料理|りょうり}は{韓国|かんこく}{料理|りょうり}==ほど=={辛|から}く==ない==です。
 > Korean food is spicier than Chinese food.
-
-## ならまだしも
-
-Means that A is okay, but B is not. "Rather", "instead".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {寒|さむ}いだけ==ならまだしも==、{雨|あめ}が{降|ふ}ているから行きたくない。
-> It would be fine if it was just cold, but since it's raining I don't want to go.
-
-## に限る
-
-に{限|かぎ}る means "the best is".
-Used with verbs and nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> パンなら、フランス==に限る==。
-> Bread is best in France.
-
-## に越したことはない
-
-に{越|こし}したことはない means "there's nothing better than...". Implies that it is nice to reach it.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {健康|けんこう}のために{早|はや}く{寝|ね}る==に越したことはない==。
-> For your health, it's best to go to bed early.

🔰 Grammar/Connectors - in order to.md

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-# Connectors: in order to
+# In order to
 
 ## のに
 
 Means "to do", "in order to".
-See [[Connectors#In order to]].
+See [[Connectors#のに#In order to]].
 
 ## ために
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ See [[Connectors#In order to]].
 	<p class="right">+ ため(に)</p>
 </div>
 
-Means "in order to". Mostly used in writing, rarely used with negative.
+Means "in order to". Mostly used in writing.
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > {面接|めんせつ}の==ために==ヒゲを{剃|そ}らなきゃ。
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Can also mean "as for", "regarding".
 
 ## ように
 
-Means "in order to". Implies that an effort is made or a goal to obtain. There is generally will implied.
+Means "in order to". Implies that an effort is made or a goal to obtain.
 Used with verbs.
 
 > [!info] Examples

🔰 Grammar/Connectors.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Used with nouns and verbs.
 	<p class="right">+ のに</p>
 </div>
 
-The first meaning is "although", "even tough". Cannot be an hypothesis, must be a confirmed fact. This, it works with past tense.
+The first meaning is "although", "even tough".
 
 > [!info] Example
 > 食べたばかり==なのに==、まだお{腹|なか}が{空|す}いた。
@@ -58,22 +58,6 @@ Used to introduce a new topic of conversation. Translates to "by the way".
 > ==ところで==、車の{修理|しゅうり}はどう。
 > By the way, how are the repairs for your car?
 
-## By the way: ちなみに
-
-Used to provide a new information on the current topic of conversation. Translates to "by the way".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {駅|えき}に行くつもりです。==ちなみに==、駅の{前|まえ}には{新|あたら}しいレストランが{開|あけた}けたと言われた。
-> I'm going to the train station. By the way, I heard that a new restaurant has opened in front of the station.
-
-## Come to think of it: そう言えば
-
-Used to talk about a topic connected to the previous one, as something that is remembered.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==そういえば==、{今日|きょう}の{試験|しけん}はどうだったか。
-> Come to think of it, how was today's exam?
-
 ## Certainly: 確かに
 
 {確|たし}かに means "surely", "certainly".
@@ -81,6 +65,3 @@ Used to talk about a topic connected to the previous one, as something that is r
 > [!info] Example
 > この{歌|うた}は==確かに=={面白|おも|しろ}そうだ。
 > This song certainly sounds interesting.
-
-
-

🔰 Grammar/Consequence.md

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-# Consequence
-
-## に関わる
-
-に{関|かか}わる means "to affect", "to be involved". Used with nouns that express something influential.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {命|いのち}==に関わる=={事故|じこ}がありました。
-> There was a life-threatening incident.
-
-## がきっかけで・をきっかけに
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V + の・こと</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ がきっかけで・をきっかけに</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "to take advantage of", "because of", "as an opportunity to". It is a common form.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼女|かのじょ}と{出会|であ}ったの==がきっかけで==、ポップ{音楽|おんがく}が{好|す}き{始|はじ}まった。
-> After meeting her, I started liking pop music.
-
-## を契機に 
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V + の・こと</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ を契機に</p>
-</div>
-
-を{契機|けいき}に means "lead to", "as a result of", "as a good opportunity to". It is used for an important change, in formal situations.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {戦争|せんそう}==を契機に==、{人々|ひとびと}は{家|いえ}を{失|うしな}った。
-> As a result of the war, people lost their homes.
-
-## そうすると
-
-Means "having done that". Used for something where there is no control, or to confirm an information.
-Used at the beginning of a phrase.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ゆっくり{食|た}べてみて。==そうすると==、おいしくなる。
-> Try eating slower. Doing that, it will taste better.
-
-## 甲斐がある
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">V (ます)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ かいがある</p>
-</div>
-
-{甲斐|かい}がある means "to be worth". 甲斐がない means "to not be worth".
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> １００{点|てん}{持|も}ったから{朝|あさ}まで{勉強|べんきょう}した==かいがあった==。
-> I got 100 points, so it was worth it studying until morning.

🔰 Grammar/Considering - for - as.md

@@ -6,108 +6,142 @@ Means "as", "in the role of". The と particle implies a result.
 Used with nouns.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> 彼はカメラマン==としては==いい{仕事|しごと}をする。
+> 田中さんは{父|ちち}==として==は{最低|さいてい}です。
-> As a cameraman, he does a good job.
+> As a father, Tanaka-san is the worst.
 
 ## にしては
 
 Means "considering", "for". The に particle implies a simultaneous existence.
-The difference with としては resides in the fact that this is used to make a contrast between the general image associated with something and what we're describing.
 Used with verbs and nouns.
 
-> [!info] Example 
+> [!info] Example
-> このカバンは安い==にしては==悪くない。
+> 
-> This bag might be cheap, it is not bad.
 
 ## としても
 
-Means "assuming", "even if". It has the same meaning as [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも|Even if: ても・でも]], but bolder.
+https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82-toshitemo-meaning/
-
+https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82
-> [!info] Example
-> 私==としても==出来ます。
-> I can do it as well.
 
 ## にしても
 
-Means "even if", "even though". It has the same meaning as [[🔰 Particles (1)#も]], but bolder. In some rare written cases, it has the same meaning as としても.
+Means "even if", "even though".
 
 > [!info] Example
-> フランス{語|ご}==にしても=={英語|えいご}==にしても=={彼|かれ}はとても{上手|じょうず}です。
+> それ==にしても==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けてくください。
-> He is very good at both French and English.
+> Still, please be careful.
 
-## "As": Gradual change
+
+https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/42387/what-is-the-difference-between-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF-and-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF
+https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/762/%ef%bd%9e%e3%81%ab%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%af-vs-%ef%bd%9e%e3%81%a8%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%af
+
+https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/29113/difference-between-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-and-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+## にしたがって
 
 <div class="usage">
 <div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V + (の)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
 </div>
-	<p class="right">+ につれて・にしたがって・と共に・に伴って</p>
+	<p class="right">+ にしたがって・にしたがい</p>
 </div>
 
-The four following forms have the same meaning of a gradual change:
+### In accordance
-* につれて
-* にしたがって
-* と{共|とも}に
-* に{伴|とも}って
 
-It means that when when the first part of the sentence changes, the second part changes gradually as well.
+Another difference is,
 
-> [!info] Example
+**(A)** にしたがい ( = ni shitagai) **(B)** also means “following”/ “ in accordance with” which has nothing to do with change.
-> {年|とし}をとる==につれて=={髪|かみ}を{抜|ぬ}けます。
-> As we get older, we lose hair.
 
-This example works with all forms.
+In this usage, you can express your will / intention with the following verb. 
 
-### につれて and にしたがって
+noun + にしたがって ( = ni shitagatte) / にしたがい ( = ni shitagai) + what is going to happen/ what you are going to do
 
-In both forms, the change is natural, and is not an intentional change. When the verb expresses gradual change, both can be used.
+Ex. ルールに従ってください。
-につれて is more common and more used for personal actions.
 
-> [!info] Example
+= Ruuru ni shitagatte kudasai.
-> {冬|ふゆ}が{地|ちか}づく==にしたがって・につれて=={気温|きおん}が{下|さ}がってきた。
-> As winter approaches, the temperatures have lowered.
 
-### にしたがって
+= Please follow the rules.
 
-This form also has the meaning of "in accordance to". It doesn't express change. It is possible to talk about intention.
 
-> [!info] Example
+### Gradual change
-> {歯医者|はいしゃ}==にしたがって=={毎日|まいにち}２{回|かい}{歯|は}を{磨|みが}く。
-> I brush my teeth twice a day as recommended by my dentist.
 
-### に伴って
+(A) (noun / verb) + につれて/つれ ( = ni tsurete /tsure) / にしたがって/したがい ( = ni shitagatte / shitagai) /にともなって/ともない ( = ni tomonatte / tomonai)  / とともに ( = to tomoni) + (B)
+→As (A) changes,  (B) changes gradually as well.
 
-に{伴|ともな}って also has the meaning of a an instantaneous change: when the first part changes, the second part also changes instantly. The first part is the reason of it changing.
+Ex. 夏が近づくにつれて / したがって日が長くなってきた。
 
-> [!info] Example
+= Natsu ga chikazuku ni tsurete/shitagatte hi ga nagaku nattekita.
-> オリンピックがある==に伴って=={交通費|こうつうひ}がねあが{値上|ねあ}がりしてしまった。
-> As the Olympics are held, transportations cost have increased.
 
-### と共に
+= As summer approaches, the days are getting longer.
 
-と{共|とも}に has 3 other meanings.
+A: Summer is approaching. (change)
 
-#### Almost at the same time
+B: The days are getting longer. (gradual change)
 
-It is also used for two actions that happens at approximately the same time. The two actions do not have to be related. They also don't have to be specifically about change.
+(A) causes (B) / (A) influences (B)
 
-> [!info] Example
-> {鳥|とり}は{鳴|な}き{声|ごえ}をする==と共に=={風|かぜ}が{吹|ふ}く。
-> The bird sings and the wind blows.
 
-#### Together with
+As you can see ～につれて / つれ ( = ~ ni tsurete / tsure) and にしたがって / したがい ( = ~ ni shitagatte / shitagai) are interchangeable when the main verb expresses the gradual change.
+
+
+They are both literal expressions so you often use them to describe natural phenomena or social situations but I would say ～につれて/つれ ( = ni tsurete/tsure) are slightly more common thus you use them for your personal stuff more.
+
+
+
+You can use にしたがい ( = ni shitagai)・したがって ( = shitagatte) but ～につれて/～につれ ( = ~ ni  tsurete/tsure) are more natural in conversation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+as; therefore; in accordance with; according to; consequently ~
+
+https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%97%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6-ni-shitagatte-meaning/
+https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6
+
+## につれて
+
+as; in proportion to; with; as… then ~
+
+https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%a4%e3%82%8c%e3%81%a6-ni-tsurete-%e3%81%ab%e3%81%a4%e3%82%8c-ni-tsure-meaning/
+https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6
+
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+https://maggiesensei.com/2021/02/28/how-to-use-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%82%8C%EF%BC%88%E3%81%A6%EF%BC%89-%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%EF%BC%88%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%EF%BC%89-%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA/
+
+
+
+## と共に
+
+と{共|とも}に means...
+
+together with; at the same time as; as well as ~
+
+https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a8%e5%85%b1%e3%81%ab-to-tomo-ni-meaning/
+https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A8%E5%85%B1%E3%81%AB
+
+
+
+
+
+https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/84584/difference-between-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6-and-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6
+
+https://nihongonosato.com/jlpt/n2-grammar/n2-totomoni/
 
-It can also mean "together with". It is much more formal than {一緒|いっしょ}に.
 
-> [!info] Example
-> {妻|つま}==と共に=={新|あたら}しい{人生|じんせい}を{始|はじ}めります。
-> I am starting a new life with my wife.
 
-#### As well as, also
 
-It can also mean "as well as", "also".
 
-> [!info] Example
-> パンはチーズ==と共に==フランスに{人気|にんき}{食料|しょくりょう}です。
-> Bread, along with cheese, is a popular food in France.

🔰 Grammar/Description.md

@@ -16,22 +16,12 @@ Means "named", "called".
 > {台風|たいふう}が来る==という==ニュース。
 > A news that a typhoon is coming.
 
-## いわゆる
-
-Means "called".
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> 彼は==いわゆる==オタクです。
-> He is what they call an otaku.
-
 ## と言ってもいい
 
 Means "you could say".
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > サッカーは{彼|かれ}の{得意|とくい}です。ほとんどサッカーのプロ==と言ってもいい==。
-> Soccer is his strong point. You could almost say he's a pro.
 
 ## がする
 
@@ -54,7 +44,7 @@ Means "made from".
 
 ## のが「好き・上手・下手」
 
-のが「{好|すき}き・{上手|じょうず}・{下手|へた}」 means "to like/be good/be bad" at an action.
+のが({好|すき}き・{上手|じょうず}・{下手|へた}) means "to (like/be good/be bad)" at an action.
 Used with a verb in dictionary form.
 
 > [!info] Example
@@ -87,18 +77,16 @@ Means that something is "full of" or "covered with" something undesirable.
 
 <div class="usage">
 	<p class="iright">N + は + </p>
-<div class="ileft">
 <div class="left">
 	<p><span class="box">V + こと</span></p>
 	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + こと</span></p>
 	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な + こと</span></p>
 	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
 </div>
 	<p class="right">+ で有名</p>
 </div>
 
-は～で{有名|ゆうめい} means "famous for". Used to describe why people, places or things are famous.
+は~で{有名|ゆうめい} means "famous for". Used to describe why people, places or things are famous.
 
 > [!info] Example
 > パリ==は==エッフェル{塔|とう}==で有名==です。

🔰 Grammar/Emphasis.md

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-# Emphasis
-
-## に限って
-
-に{限|かぎ}って means "particularly when", "only when".
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> このレストランは{金曜日|きんようび}==に限って==、{特別|とくべつ}な{食|た}べ{物|もの}を{作|つく}る。
-> This restaurant only makes special food on Fridays.
-
-## ことに
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ことに</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "particularly", "especially". Used to describe and emphasize the speaker's feelings.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> こんなに{長|なが}い{間|あいだ}{彼|かれ}から{連絡|れんらく}があった==ことに=={驚|おどろ}きました。
-> I was surprised to hear from him after such a long time.
-
-## それなら
-
-Means "if that's the case". Highlights the previous statement.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {今週|こんしゅう}{忙|いそが}しいんでしょうか。==それなら==、{来週|らいしゅう}はどうですか。
-> You're busy this week, right? Then, what about the next one?
-
-## だって
-
-Means "even someone". It is informal.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> それはこども==だって=={知|し}っている。
-> Even kids know that.

🔰 Grammar/Exception.md

@@ -1,41 +1,17 @@
-# Exception
+# Exception
-
+
-## は別として
+## は別として
-
+
-は{別|べつ}として means "aside from", "whether or not".
+は{別|べつ}として means "aside from", "whether or not".
-Used with nouns.
+Used with nouns.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {虫|むし}==は別として==、{今日|きょう}は{楽|たの}しかった。
+> {虫|むし}==は別として==、{今日|きょう}は{楽|たの}しかった。
-> Aside from the insects, today was fun.
+> Aside from the insects, today was fun.
-
+
-With verbs and adjectives, かどうか is placed before.
+With verbs and adjectives, かどうか is placed before.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {勝|かつ}かどうか==は別として==、{試合|しあい}をやってみたい。
+> {勝|かつ}かどうか==は別として==、{試合|しあい}をやってみたい。
-> Whether we win or not, I want to play the game.
+> Whether we win or not, I want to play the game.
-
+
-## を除いて
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ を除いて</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ を除く + </p>
-	<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-を{除|のぞ}いて means "except".
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 私==を除いて==、{皆|みな}さんが{合格|ごうかく}しました。
-> Everyone except me passed.

🔰 Grammar/In addition.md

@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-# In addition
-
-## も～ば～も
-
-<div class="usage">
-	<p class="iright">N1 + も + </p>
-<div class="ileft">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (ば)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> ければ</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + なら</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + なら</span></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ N2 + も</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "also", "as well". Means that both N1 and N2 are true (and should share a connection).
-⚠ Despite using conditional form, it is not conditional in meaning.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {母|はは}はポルトガル{語|ご}==も==できれ==ば==スペイン{語|ご}==も=={話|はな}せる。
-> My mother can speak Portuguese as well as Spanish.
-
-## おまけに
-
-Means "in addition". Used for emphasis for similar qualities (positive, negative). Used orally.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {暑|あつ}くて==おまけに==エアコンが{壊|こわ}れてしまった。
-> It was hot, and to make matters worse, the air conditioning broke.
-
-## しかも
-
-Means "moreover", "what's more". Talks about a same subject, for objective information, implying that A and B exist at the same time. It is similar to おまけに, but used for writing.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> このレストランはとても{美味|おい}しいね。==しかも==、{安|やす}いよ！
-> This restaurant is delicious. What's more, it's cheap!
-
-## 上に
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 上(に)</p>
-</div>
-
-{上|うえ}に means "and also", "in addition", "as well". Used with similar qualities (positive with positive, negative with negative).
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> この{家|いえ}は{狭|せま}い==上に=={家賃|やちん}は{高|たか}すぎる。
-> This house is small, and the rent is too expensive.
-
-## その上
-
-その{上|うえ} means "besides", "in addition". Means the same as 上に, but with two separate sentences.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> この{家|いえ}は{狭|せま}い。==その上==、{家賃|やちん}は{高|たか}すぎる。
-> This house is small. In addition, the rent is too expensive.
-
-## に加えて
-
-に{加|くわ}えて means "in addition to". It is formal, and often used in business settings.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {今年|ことし}はピンポン==に加えて==バドミントンを{教|おし}えます。
-> This year, I'll be teaching badminton in addition to ping pong.
-
-## Not only, but also
-
-### はもちろん
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ はもちろん + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">phrase</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ も・さえ</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "not only but also", "not to mention". The most common form.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> このゲームセンターにはゲーム==はもちろん==ボウリング==も==あります。
-> This game center not only has games but also bowling.
-
-### はもとより
-
-Means "not only but also". Similar meaning than はもちろん. Conveys a sense of continuity. Used mostly in writing.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {雪|ゆき}が{多|おお}いので、{電車|でんしゃ}==はもとより==タクシーもない。
-> There is so much snow that there are no trains, let alone taxis.

🔰 Grammar/Instead.md

@@ -1,39 +1,31 @@
-# Instead
+# Instead
-
+
-## むしろ
+## 代わりに
-
+
-Means "instead" or "rather".
+<div class="usage">
-
+<div class="left">
-> [!info] Example
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-> ==むしろ=={自転車|じてんしゃ}で行こうと思います。
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-> I think I'd rather go by bike.
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-## 代わりに
+</div>
-
+	<p class="right">+ 代わりに</p>
-<div class="usage">
+</div>
-<div class="left">
+
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+{代|か}わりに means "instead of", "in exchange for". Generally used about things.
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+Does not have a notion of replacing in a temporal transition, more like a one off occurrence.
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+> [!info] Examples
-</div>
+> {今朝|けさ}{自転車|じてんしゃ}の==代わりに=={地下鉄|ちかてつ}で行きました。
-	<p class="right">+ 代わりに</p>
+> I took the train this morning instead of biking.
-</div>
+
-
+## にかわって・にかわり
-{代|か}わりに means "instead of", "in exchange for". Generally used to talk about things.
+
-Does not have a notion of replacing in a temporal transition, more like a one off occurrence.
+Means "instead of". Generally used about persons.
-
+Also has a notion of "taking over" as in replacing in a temporal transition.
-> [!info] Examples
+にかわり is more formal than にかわって.
-> {今朝|けさ}{自転車|じてんしゃ}の==代わりに=={地下鉄|ちかてつ}で行きました。
+Used with nouns.
-> I took the train this morning instead of biking.
+
-
+> [!info] Examples
-## にかわって・にかわり
+> {私|わたし}==に代わって=={妹|いもうと}が{行|い}った。
-
+> My sister went in my behalf.
-Means "instead of". Generally used about persons.
-Also has a notion of "taking over" as in replacing in a temporal transition.
-にかわり is more formal than にかわって.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {私|わたし}==に代わって=={妹|いもうと}が{行|い}った。
-> My sister went in my behalf.

🔰 Grammar/Listing.md

@@ -47,15 +47,6 @@ This particles means "and" or "with". Used for a list that is exhaustive. Connec
 > フランス語==と==スペイン語を習っています。
 > I am learning French and Spanish.
 
-### 及び
-
-{及|およ}び means "and", like と. Used in formal settings.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {試験|しけん}には{鉛筆|えんぴつ}==及び=={消|け}しゴムを{持|も}ってきてください。
-> Please bring a pencil and an eraser to the exam.
-
 ### て connecting
 
 Used for a list that is exhaustive. Connects verbs.
@@ -81,15 +72,6 @@ Used with nouns.
 > お金がないのでカフェ**や**レストラン==など=={払|はら}えない。
 > I can't pay things like cafes or restaurant (etc.) because I have no money.
 
-### といった
-
-Used to describe typical examples: "things as", "like", "such as". It is casual. It has the same meaning as など.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> フランスとカナダ==といった=={国|くに}はフランス{語|ご}を{話|はな}す。
-> Countries such as France and Canada speak French.
-
 ### とか～とか
 
 Used for a list that is unexhaustive. Translates to "and", "among other things". More casual than や. Ending a sentence with とか can soften the meaning. Can also be used to quote someone.
@@ -145,34 +127,70 @@ It can be used to emphasize something when used at the end of a sentence.
 > 言ってない==し==！
 > I never said that!
 
-### やら～やら
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ やら + B + やら</p>
-</div>
-
-This form is unexhaustive and can be translated as "and", "among other things".
-It has 3 nuances:
-- Conveys a negative image
-- Among other things, in an unorganized manner
-- Conflicting feelings
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {今日|きょう}{電車|でんしゃ}がなかった==やら==、{車|くるま}が{壊|こわ}れた==やら==、{家|いえ}に{出|で}かけられませんでした。
-> There were no trains and my car broke down, so I couldn't go out.
-> 
-> {黒|くろ}い==やら=={白|しろ}い==やら=={着物|きもの}があります。
-> There are black and white kimonos (among other things).
-> 
-
 ## Summing up
 
 * ==や== means "and", and is formal. Can be completed by ==など== (= etc).
 * ==とか== also means "and", but is casual.
 * ==たり== means "or", "things like". Used to express possibilities.
 * ==し== means "and", but with an emphasis on a review.
+
+## And also
+
+### も～ば～も
+
+<div class="usage">
+	<p class="iright">N1 + も + </p>
+<div class="ileft">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (ば)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> ければ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + なら</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + なら</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ N2 + も</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "also", "as well". Means that both N1 and N2 are true (and should share a connection).
+⚠ Despite using conditional form, it is not conditional in meaning.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {母|はは}はポルトガル{語|ご}もできればスペイン{語|ご}も{話|はな}せる。
+> My mother can speak Portuguese as well as Spanish.
+
+### 上に
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 上(に)</p>
+</div>
+
+{上|うえ}に means "and also", "in addition", "as well". Used with similar qualities (positive with positive, negative with negative).
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> このスーパーは{高|たか}い==上に=={不便|ふべん}です。
+> This supermarket is expensive as well as inconvenient.
+
+### はもちろん
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ はもちろん + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">phrase</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ も・さえ</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "not only but also", "not to mention".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> このゲームセンターにはゲーム==はもちろん==ボウリングもあります。
+> This game center not only has games but also bowling.

🔰 Grammar/Means.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## つい
 
-Means "accidentally", "unintentionally". Can be combined with [[TeF (2) - manner of doing#てしまう・ちゃう・じゃう|てしまう]].
+Means "accidentally", "unintentionally". Can be combined with [[TeF (2) - manner of doing## てしまう・ちゃう・じゃう|てしまう]].
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {歩|ある}きながら{携帯|けいたい}を見ていました、==つい=={誰|だれ}かとぶつきました。
@@ -66,15 +66,6 @@ Used with a noun.
 > 台風==により==、出かけられない。
 > Because of the typhoon, I cannot go out.
 
-## 次第で
-
-{次第|しだい}で means "depending on". The difference with によって is that the options are limited and quantifiable.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {試験|しけん}の{結果|けっか}==次第で=={来年|らいねん}の{学校|がっこう}が{変|か}わります。
-> Depending on the results I get on this test, my school next year will not be the same.
-
 ## とおりに
 
 <div class="usage">
@@ -95,21 +86,3 @@ Means "just as", "precisely". Can be written as 通り.
 > [!info] Example
 > {計画|けいかく}==どおり=={間|ま}に{合|あ}った。
 > We arrived on time as planned.
-
-## だけは
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ だけは + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box"> V (た)</span></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-Means "to do all that one can".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {試験|しけん}のため{勉強|べんきょう}する==だけは=={勉強|べんきょう}した。
-> I studied as much as I could for the exam.

🔰 Grammar/Natural - expected.md

@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-# Natural, expected
-
-## 当然だ
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ のは・のも + 当然だ</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ のは・のも + 当然だ</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ な + のは + 当然だ</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ は・も + 当然だ</p>
-</div>
-
-{当然|とうぜん}だ means "it is only natural", "no wonder".
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼女|かのじょ}に{負|ま}けた==のは当然だ==、プロだから。
-> It's no wonder I lost to her, she's a pro.
-
-## のももっともだ
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V + のも・のは</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + のも・のは</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な + のも・のは</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + も・は</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ もっともだ</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "no wonder", "is only natural".
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {超自然的|ちょうしぜんてき}があるから、その{話|はなし}は{信|しん}じられない==のはもっともだ==。
-> There's supernatural elements, so it's only natural that this story is hard to believe.
-
-## ものだ
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ものだ・みんだ</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "normally" or "should". Used to describe conventions, common sense, or what is expected in the current situation.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {毎日|まいにち}２{回|かい}{歯|は}を{磨|みが}く==ものだ==。
-> You're supposed to brush your teeth twice a day.
-
-## だけのことはある
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ だけのことはある</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "as expected", "not surprising". Often used with [[Adverbs#さすが|さすが]] or やはり. Not used for negative outcomes.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼女|かのじょ}は{上手|じょうず}ですね。さすが{毎日|まいにち}{練習|れんしゅう}==だけのことはある==なあ。
-> She's very good. As expected from someone who trains everyday.
-
-## と考えられる
-
-と{考|かんが}えられる means "is thought to be", "can be considered as". Used to convey an objective or widely spread opinion, contrary to と思われる.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> タバコは{健康|けんこう}に{悪|わる}い==と考えられています==。
-> Tobacco is considered bad for one's health.
-
-## だけに
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ だけに</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "as one would expect", "it's only natural that". 
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {都市|とし}は{人口|じんこ}が{多|おお}い==だけに==、{地下鉄|ちかてつ}がある。
-> The city is so populous, so as one might expect, it has a subway.

🔰 Grammar/Obligation - なければ・ないと.md

@@ -1,77 +1,76 @@
-# Obligation: なければ・ないと
+# Obligation - なければ・ないと
-
+
-## Must
+## Must
-
+
-### なくちゃ・なきゃ
+### なくちゃ・なきゃ
-
+
-Only used on casual spoken conversations.
+Only used on casual spoken conversations.
-This form is used with the negative form of a verb (ない), and adding なくちゃ and optionally one of the following ending: だめ, いけない, いけません, ならない, なりません.
+This form is used with the negative form of a verb (ない), and adding なくちゃ and optionally one of the following ending: だめ, いけない, いけません, ならない, なりません.
-
+
-なくちゃ is the shortened form of なくては.
+なくちゃ is the shortened form of なくては.
-なきゃ is the shortened form of なければ.
+なきゃ is the shortened form of なければ.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {歯|は}を{磨|みが}か==なくちゃいけない==。
+> {歯|は}を{磨|みが}か==なくちゃいけない==。
-> I must brush my teeth.
+> I must brush my teeth.
-
+
-### なくては「いけない・ならない」
+### なくては「いけない・ならない」
-
+
-Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
+Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 今{遅|おそ}いね。{寝|ね}に行か==なくてはいけない==。
+> 今{遅|おそ}いね。{寝|ね}に行か==なくてはいけない==。
-> It's late now. I have to go to sleep.
+> It's late now. I have to go to sleep.
-
+
-### なければ「いけない・ならない」
+### なければ「いけない・ならない」
-
+
-Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
+Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {事務所|じむしょ}では{静|しず}かにし==なければならない==。
+> {事務所|じむしょ}では{静|しず}かにし==なければならない==。
-> You have to be quiet in the office.
+> You have to be quiet in the office.
-
+
-### ないといけない
+### ないといけない
-
+
-Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
+Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
-In casual contexts, can be shortened as ないと.
+In casual contexts, can be shortened as ないと.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 今日は{勉強|べんきょう}し==ないといけない==。
+> 今日は{勉強|べんきょう}し==ないといけない==。
-> I have to study today.
+> I have to study today.
-
+
-## Must not
+## Must not
-
+
-#### 「ちゃ・じゃ」「だめ・いけない・いけません」
+#### 「ちゃ・じゃ」「だめ・いけない・いけません」
-
+
-Only used on casual spoken conversations. いけません is a bit more formal.
+Only used on casual spoken conversations. いけません is a bit more formal.
-This form is used with a V-て, depending on the ending:
+This form is used with a V-て, depending on the ending:
-* with て, ちゃ is used.
+* with て, ちゃ is used.
-* with で, じゃ is used.
+* with で, じゃ is used.
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> その{花|はな}を食べ==ちゃだめ==。
+> その{花|はな}を食べ==ちゃだめ==。
-> Don't eat those flowers.
+> Don't eat those flowers.
-> 
+> 
-> {花瓶|か|びん}の水を{飲|の}ん==じゃいけない==。
+> {花瓶|か|びん}の水を{飲|の}ん==じゃいけない==。
-> Don't drink the water of the flower vase.
+> Don't drink the water of the flower vase.
-
+
-### てはいけない
+### てはいけない
-
+
-Used in a more formal or written manner. Used with a V-て.
+Used in a more formal or written manner. Used with a V-て.
-てはならない is a stronger form.
+
-
+> [!info] Example
-> [!info] Example
+> {鉄道|てつ|どう}に{歩|ある}い==てはいけません==。
-> {鉄道|てつ|どう}に{歩|ある}い==てはいけません==。
+> Do not walk on the railroad.
-> Do not walk on the railroad.
+
-
+## Comparing いけない and ならない
-## Comparing いけない and ならない
+
-
+* ==いけない== is the standardly used form. It implies a subjective view, that it would be better to do something, to avoid negative consequences (eg: brushing one's teeth, eating well, etc).
-* ==いけない== is the standardly used form. It implies a subjective view, that it would be better to do something, to avoid negative consequences (eg: brushing one's teeth, eating well, etc).
+* ==ならない== is usually more formal or in written form. It implies a is more objective view, something that has to be done because there's no other way (eg: respecting the law, paying taxes, etc).
-* ==ならない== is usually more formal or in written form. It implies a is more objective view, something that has to be done because there's no other way (eg: respecting the law, paying taxes, etc).
+
-
+## Comparing なくては, なければ and ないと
-## Comparing なくては, なければ and ないと
+
-
+なくては and なければ are generally interchangeable in speech. However:
-なくては and なければ are generally interchangeable in speech. However:
+* ==なくては== is generally used when there is _no penalty_ for not complying.
-* ==なくては== is generally used when there is _no penalty_ for not complying.
+* ==なければ== is generally used when there _is a penalty_ for not complying.
-* ==なければ== is generally used when there _is a penalty_ for not complying.
+* ==ないと== is lighter and does not imply that there can or cannot be penalty. Its construction is based on the [[Conditional#と]] particle, and should be based on knowledge or experience.
-* ==ないと== is lighter and does not imply that there can or cannot be penalty. Its construction is based on the [[Conditional#と]] particle, and should be based on knowledge or experience.

🔰 Grammar/Obligation.md

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Used with a verb in the dictionary form.
 
 ### べきだ
 
-Means "should do", "must do". Compared to the [[Obligation - must (not)]] forms and 必ず, it has a nuance of being less universally logical. It is defined by the speaker's own logic.
+Means "should do", "must do". Compared to the [[Obligation - なければ・ないと]] forms and 必ず, it has a nuance of being less universally logical. It is defined by the speaker's own logic.
 Used with verbs.
 する can be used as するべき or すべき.
 

🔰 Grammar/Observation - hearsay.md

@@ -1,107 +1,87 @@
-# Observation: hearsay
+# Observation - Hearsay
-
+
-## んだって
+## んだって
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + な</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ んだって・んですって</p>
+	<p class="right">+ んだって・んですって</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Used to quote something that you heard in a casual conversation.
+Used to quote something that you heard in a casual conversation.
-Similar in the quotation sense to [[Description#って・って言う・と言う|って]], but here the nuance is that the information is new or unexpected.
+Similar in the quotation sense to [[Description#って・って言う・と言う|って]], but here the nuance is that the information is new or unexpected.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> ワールドカップでアルゼンチンが{勝|か}した==んだって==!
+> ワールドカップでアルゼンチンが{勝|か}した==んだって==!
-> Argentina won the world cup! (you just saw it on TV but you were doing something else and are surprised)
+> Argentina won the world cup! (you just saw it on TV but you were doing something else and are surprised)
-
+
-## と聞いた
+## と聞いた
-
+
-と{聞|きい}いた is used for something you heard by someone identifiable: for example, you were told by someone.
+Used for something you heard by someone identifiable: for example, you were told by someone.
-Mostly used formally.
+Mostly used formally.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 彼はバカ==と聞いた==。
+> 彼はバカ==と聞いた==。
-> They say he's an idiot (I've heard that he's an idiot).
+> They say he's an idiot (I've heard that he's an idiot).
-
+
-## と言われている
+## と言われている
-
+
-と{言|い}われている is used when you heard something, but not from someone specifically identifiable: general knowledge, a rumour, etc.
+Used when you heard something, but not from someone specifically identifiable: general knowledge, a rumour, etc.
-For nouns, だ is placed before.
+For nouns, だ is placed before.
-Mostly used formally.
+Mostly used formally.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> このレストランのカレーはおいしいだ==と言われています==。
+> このレストランのカレーはおいしいだ==と言われています==。
-> They say the curry of this restaurant is good.
+> They say the curry of this restaurant is good.
-
+
-## そうだ
+## そうだ
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ そうだ</p>
+	<p class="right">+ そうだ</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means "I heard that".
+Means "I heard that".
-Do not confuse with [[Observation - looking like#そうだ]] (no stem modification).
+Do not confuse with [[Observation - looking like#そうだ]] (no stem modification).
-It is casual.
+It is casual.
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> テストは{難|むず}しいだ==そうだ==。
+> テストは{難|むず}しいだ==そうだ==。
-> The exam is said to be difficult.
+> The exam is said to be difficult.
-
+
-## ということだ
+## ということだ
-
+
-It is used for hearsay. Has a nuance of being sure of the validity.
+It is used for hearsay. Has a nuance of being sure of the validity.
-Can also be used for a meaning close to "this means".
+Can also be used for a meaning close to "this means".
-More formal than そうだ.
+More formal than そうだ.
-Can be used as ==ということだ== or ==とのことだ==. A more casual version is ==ってことだ==.
+Can be used as ==ということだ== or ==とのことだ==. A more casual version is ==ってことだ==.
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> {専門家|せん|もん|か}によると、{今年|ことし}の{夏|なつ}は{最高|さいこう}{暑|あつ}くなる==ということです==。
+> {専門家|せん|もん|か}によると、{今年|ことし}の{夏|なつ}は{最高|さいこう}{暑|あつ}くなる==ということです==。
-> According to the experts, this summer will be the hottest ever.
+> According to the experts, this summer will be the hottest ever.
-
+
-## Summing up
+## Summing up
-
+
-* ==んだって== used for quotation, similar to って, when the information is new.
+* ==んだって== used for quotation, similar to って, when the information is new.
-* ==と聞いた== is used for something you heard from an identifiable speaker. Is mostly formal.
+* ==と聞いた== is used for something for something you heard from an identifiable speaker. Is mostly formal.
-* ==と言われている== is used for something for something you heard from an unspecified speaker. Is mostly formal.
+* ==と言われている== is used for something for something you heard from an unspecified speaker. Is mostly formal.
-* ==そうだ== is used for hearsay and is casual.
+* ==そうだ== is used for hearsay and is casual.
-* ==ということだ== is used for hearsay, when the validity of the information is certain. More formal than そうだ.
+* ==ということだ== is used for hearsay, when the validity of the information is certain. More formal than そうだ.
-
+
-## によると・によれば
+## によると・によれば
- 
+ 
-Means "according to".
+Means "according to".
-Used with nouns. With verbs, ところ is added before.
+Used with nouns. With verbs, ところ is added before.
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> {天気予報|てんきよほう}==によると=={今日|きょう}は{雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}るようだ。
+> {天気予報|てんきよほう}==によると=={今日|きょう}は{雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}るようだ。
-> According to the weather forecast, it's supposed to snow today.
+> According to the weather forecast, it's supposed to snow today.
-
-## とか(で)
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ とか(で)</p>
-</div>
-
-Used to tell information heard via rumour. "I heard that..."
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {目黒|めぐろ}に{住|す}んでいる==とか==。
-> Apparently they live in Meguro.
-
-Do not confuse with [[Listing#とか～とか]].

🔰 Grammar/Observation - looking like.md

@@ -1,249 +1,208 @@
-# Observation: looking like
+# Observation - Looking like
-
+
-## よう
+## よう
-
+
-Means that it looks like. Used from direct knowledge or experience, with a high degree of confidence.
+Means that it looks like. Used from direct knowledge or experience, with a high degree of confidence.
-
+
-It has two meanings:
+It has two meanings:
-* Looks like something: visual observation. Similar to みたい, but more polite.
+* Looks like something: visual observation. Similar to みたい, but more polite.
-* Perhaps it is. Might be something else, but it look like it is.
+* Perhaps it is. Might be something else, but it look like it is.
-
+
-Contrary to そう, focuses on the more logical aspect of things.
+Contrary to そう, focuses on the more logical aspect of things.
-
+
-### ようだ
+### ようだ
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ようだ</p>
+	<p class="right">+ ようだ</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means that it looks like, appears like, seems like.
+Means that it looks like, appears like, seems like.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {子供|こども}が{嬉|うれ}しい==ようだ==。
+> {子供|こども}が{嬉|うれ}しい==ようだ==。
-> The kids look happy (= I can see them laughing and smiling).
+> The kids look happy (= I can see them laughing and smiling).
-
+
-### ように・ような
+### ように・ような
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ [ように + V] ・ [ような + N]</p>
+	<p class="right">+ [ように + V] ・ [ような + N]</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Expresses "in the manner of".
+Expresses "in the manner of".
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> {新幹線|しんかんせん}の==ような=={速度|そく|ど}。
+> {新幹線|しんかんせん}の==ような=={速度|そく|ど}。
-> Speed like a Shinkansen.
+> Speed like a Shinkansen.
-> 
+> 
-> アヒルの==ように==食べる。
+> アヒルの==ように==食べる。
-> To eat like a duck.
+> To eat like a duck.
-
+
-## そう
+## そう
-
+
-Contrary to よう, focuses on a more subjective feeling.
+Contrary to よう, focuses on a more subjective feeling.
-
+
-### そうだ
+### そうだ
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ そうだ</p>
+	<p class="right">+ そうだ</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means that it looks like.
+Means that it looks like.
-Do not confuse with [[Observation - hearsay#そうだ]].
+Do not confuse with [[Observation - hearsay#そうだ]].
-
+
-> [!info] Examples 
+> [!info] Examples 
-> おいし==そうだ==。
+> おいし==そうだ==。
-> lt looks like it is delicious.
+> lt looks like it is delicious.
-
+
-### そうに・そうな
+### そうに・そうな
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 「そうに・そうな」 + N・V</p>
+	<p class="right">+ 「そうに・そうな」 + N・V</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Also means that it looks like, but connecting to nouns and verbs.
+Also means that it looks like, but connecting to nouns and verbs.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 面白==そうに==人です。
+> 面白==そうに==人です。
-> He seems like an interesting person.
+> He seems like an interesting person.
-
+
-## みたい
+## みたい
-
+
-みたい means similar to, like. Used for direct observation, with a high degree of certainty in consequence. Usually used for visual observation.
+みたい means similar to, like. Used for direct observation, with a high degree of certainty in consequence. Usually used for visual observation.
-It is a less polite form of ようだ.
+It is a less polite form of ようだ.
-
+
-### みたいだ
+### みたいだ
-
+
-The basic form, used with all forms of words.
+The basic form, used with all forms of words.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 今日は暑いですね。夏==みたいだ==な。
+> 今日は暑いですね。夏==みたいだ==な。
-> It's hot today, isn't it. It looks like it's summer.
+> It's hot today, isn't it. It looks like it's summer.
-
+
-### みたいに
+### みたいに
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ みたいに + V / Adj</p>
+	<p class="right">+ みたいに + V / Adj</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-The adverbial form.
+The adverbial form.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 犬==みたいに==食べた。
+> 犬==みたいに==食べた。
-> I ate like a dog.
+> I ate like a dog.
-
+
-### みたいな
+### みたいな
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ みたいな + N</p>
+	<p class="right">+ みたいな + N</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Similar to the precedent form, but when using with nouns.
+Similar to the precedent form, but when using with nouns.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {故郷|ふる|さと}==みたいな==町だ。
+> {故郷|ふる|さと}==みたいな==町だ。
-> A city like my hometown.
+> A city like my hometown.
-
+
-## らしい
+## らしい
-
+
-Expresses an information based on hearsay, or based on the situation, or ressemblance. This is always used based on a source that is unknown or ambiguous. It can be similar to a guess. Similar to the "perhaps" meaning of ようだ.
+Expresses an information based on hearsay, or based on the situation, or ressemblance. This is always used based on a source that is unknown or ambiguous. It can be similar to a guess. Similar to the "perhaps" meaning of ようだ.
-Also used for something typical, expected, characteristic.
+Also used for something typical, expected, characteristic.
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> 男==らしい==。
+> 男==らしい==。
-> Typical of a man (befitting of a man).
+> Typical of a man (befitting of a man).
-> 
+> 
-> 今日は{君|きみ}==らしくない==。
+> 今日は{君|きみ}==らしくない==。
-> You aren't yourself today.
+> You aren't yourself today.
-
+
-## っぽい
+## っぽい
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ っぽい</p>
+	<p class="right">+ っぽい</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-This has the meaning of like, easy to, _-ish_. Makes a direct comparison with certainty, from the point of view of the person saying it. Close to an even more casual meaning of みたい, with a focus on attitude or gesture.
+This has the meaning of like, easy to, _-ish_. Makes a direct comparison with certainty, from the point of view of the person saying it. Close to an even more casual meaning of みたい, with a focus on attitude or gesture.
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> {子供|こ|ども}==っぽい==。
+> {子供|こ|ども}==っぽい==。
-> Childish.
+> Childish.
-> 
+> 
-> {忘|わす}れ==っぽい==。
+> {忘|わす}れ==っぽい==。
-> Easy to forget.
+> Easy to forget.
-
+
-## 気味
+## 気味
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 気味</p>
+	<p class="right">+ 気味</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-{気味|ぎみ} means that it shows sign of. It talks about a condition (tiredness, sickness, lateness, etc).
+{気味|ぎみ} means that it shows sign of. It talks about a condition (tiredness, sickness, lateness, etc).
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 今日、{君|きみ}はちょっと{病気|びょうき}==気味==です。
+> 今日、{君|きみ}はちょっと{病気|びょうき}==気味==です。
-> You look a bit sick today.
+> You look a bit sick today.
-
+
-## Summing up
+## Summing up
-
+
-* ==ようだ== is a formal way to say that it looks like, usually from direct observation. Used for logical assumptions.
+* ==ようだ== is a formal way to say that it looks like, usually from direct observation. Used for logical assumptions.
-* ==そうだ== is used for things that are on the more subjective side.
+* ==そうだ== is used for things that are on the more subjective side.
-* ==みたい== is a less formal way, used in a casual conversation. Focused on visual information.
+* ==みたい== is a less formal way, used in a casual conversation. Focused on visual information.
-* ==っぽい== is even more casual. Usually used for attitude or gesture.
+* ==っぽい== is even more casual. Usually used for attitude or gesture.
-* ==らしい== is usually used when something is typical or expected.
+* ==らしい== is usually used when something is typical or expected.
-* ==気味== is used for condition (tiredness, sickness, lateness, etc).
+* ==気味== is used for condition (tiredness, sickness, lateness, etc).
-
+
-## に見える
+## に見える
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">V (casual) + ように</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual) + ように</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + <strike>い</strike>く</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + <strike>い</strike>く</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + に</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + に</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + (のよう) + に</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + (のよう) + に</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 見える</p>
+	<p class="right">+ 見える</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-This is used (unlike other forms that can apply to abstract similarities) exclusively for visual resemblance.
+This is used (unlike other forms that can apply to abstract similarities) exclusively for visual resemblance.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {彼女|かのじょ}はフランス人==に見える==。
+> {彼女|かのじょ}はフランス人==に見える==。
-> She looks like she is French.
+> She looks like she is French.
-
-## かのよう「だ・に・な」
-
-Means "as if", "just like".
-Use かのうようだ if it is ending the sentence, かのうように before a verb, かのような before a noun.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> このゲームは{現実|げんじつ}==かのようだ==。
-> This game is just like reality.
-
-## どうやら
-
-Means "it seems like", used with notions like ようだ or らしい.
-Used at the beginning of a phrase.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> ==どうやら=={離婚|りこん}したようだ。
-> Apparently they got divorced.
-
-## げ
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">V な<strike>い</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">V た<strike>い</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + <strike>い</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + <strike>な</strike></span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N (limited)</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ げ</p>
-</div>
-
-Means that something or someone looks like, appears to. Cannot be used for yourself.
-It is used in a similar manner as そう, but only to describe the feelings of someone.
-
-⚠ Irregular form: いい => よい => よさげ
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {新|あたら}しい{部長|ぶちょう}{不安|ふあん}==げ==です。
-> The new manager seems anxious.

🔰 Grammar/Observation - tendency - feelings.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Observation: tendency & feelings
+# Observation - Tendency & feelings
 
 ## がる・がっている
 

🔰 Grammar/Observation.md

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-# Observation
-
-## ところを見ると
-
-ところを{見|み}ると means "judging from".
-Used with verbs.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> ヘルメットを{被|かぶ}ている==ところを見ると==、{自転車|じてんしゃ}で{来|き}ました。
-> Judging from the fact that he's wearing a helmet, he must have come by bicycle.
-
-## からすると・からすれば
-
-Means "judging from", "considering". 
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {服|ふく}を´{着|き}る==からすると==、{今日|きょう}は{面接|めんせつ}に{行|い}くでしょう。
-> Judging from the clothes you're wearing, I guess you're going to pass an interview today.

🔰 Grammar/Only - just.md

@@ -27,14 +27,6 @@ Can also be used as だけではなく.
 > この{都市|とし}は大きい==だけでなく==、きれいでもある。
 > This city is not only big, it's also pretty.
 
-## のみ
-
-It is a more formal, written version of だけ. It is only used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この{道|みち}は{歩行者|ほこうしゃ}==のみ==です。
-> This road is pedestrian only.
-
 ## きり
 
 <div class="usage">
@@ -107,29 +99,11 @@ Used to say "only" with a negative meaning.
 </div>
 
 Means "not only A but also B".
-Can also be used as ばかりか, for a slightly stronger effect.
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > 彼女は{綺麗|きれい}==ばかりでなく=={天才|てんさい}もあるです。
 > She's not only beautiful, she's also a genius.
 
-## に限らず
-
-に{限|かぎ}らず means "not only A, but also B".
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> この{店|みせ}は{平日|へいじつ}==に限らず==、{週末|しゅうまつ}も{営業|えいぎょう}している。
-> This store is open not only on weekdays but also on weekends.
-
-## のみならず
-
-Means "not only, but also".
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼|かれ}は{優|やさ}しくない{人|ひと}==のみならず==、{口|くち}も{悪|わる}い。
-> Not only is he not kind, but he's also bad mouthed.
-
 ## てばかりいる
 
 Means "only", "nothing but".
@@ -138,20 +112,3 @@ Used with a verb in て form.
 > [!info] Examples
 > {僕|ぼく}の{犬|いぬ}は{鳴|な}け==てばかりいる==。
 > My dog is always barking.
-
-## でしかない
-
-Means "nothing but" or "no more than". More often than not conveys a negative nuance.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼|かれ}は{子供|こども}==でしかない==。
-> He nothing more than a child.
-
-## に過ぎない
-
-に{過|す}ぎない means "just", "no more than". Used for something that is not of great quality, quantity or level.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> 彼女はただ{初心者|しょしんしゃ}==に過ぎない==。
-> She's just a beginner.

🔰 Grammar/Opposition - although.md

@@ -1,102 +1,81 @@
-# Opposition: although
+# Opposition - although
-
+
-## 割に
+## に反して
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
-<div class="left">
+
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+> [!info] Example
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+
-</div>
+## 割に
-	<p class="right">+ 割に</p>
+
-</div>
+<div class="usage">
-
+<div class="left">
-{割|わり}に means "considering A, B", "although".
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-> [!info] Example
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-> このマンションは{古|ふる}い==割に=={高|たか}いです。
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-> This apartment is expensive considering how old it is.
+</div>
-
+	<p class="right">+ 割に</p>
-## ことは～が
+</div>
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+{割|わり}に means "considering A, B", "although".
-<div class="">
+
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+> [!info] Example
-</div>
+> このマンションは{古|ふる}い==割に=={高|たか}いです。
-	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
+> This apartment is expensive considering how old it is.
-<div class="">
+
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+## ことは～が
-</div>
+
-	<p class="r">+ が</p>
+<div class="usage">
-</div>
+<div class="">
-<div class="usage">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-<div class="">
+</div>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
-</div>
+<div class="">
-	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-<div class="">
+</div>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p class="r">+ が</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="r">+ が</p>
+<div class="usage">
-</div>
+<div class="">
-<div class="usage">
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-<div class="">
+</div>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
-</div>
+<div class="">
-	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-<div class="">
+</div>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
+	<p class="r">+ が</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="r">+ が</p>
+<div class="usage">
-</div>
+<div class="">
-
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-⚠ It must be the same verb or adjective at both end!
+</div>
-
+	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
-Means "although".
+<div class="">
-
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
-> [!info] Example
+</div>
-> {勉強|べんきょう}する==ことは==する==が==、まだ{下手|へた}です。
+	<p class="r">+ が</p>
-> Although I study everyday, I'm still bad at it.
+</div>
-
+
-## といっても
+⚠ It must be the same verb or adjective at both end!
-
+
-Means "although". Puts a nuance to the first statement describing that it is not as much as imagined, and adds a complimentary information.
+Means "although".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {彼|かれ}は{医者|いしゃ}==といっても==、あまり{頭|あたま}が{良|よ}くない。
+> {勉強|べんきょう}する==ことは==する==が==、まだ{下手|へた}です。
-> He may be a doctor, but he is not very smart.
+> Although I study everyday, I'm still bad at it.
-
+
-## にも関わらず
+## といっても
-
+
-にも{関|かか}わらず means "regardless", "despite".
+Means "although". Puts a nuance to the first statement describing that it is not as much as imagined, and adds a complimentary information.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {危険|きけん}==にもかかわらず==、{彼|かれ}はまだそれをやった。
+> {彼|かれ}は{医者|いしゃ}==といっても==、あまり{頭|あたま}が{良|よ}くない。
-> Despite the danger, he still did it.
+> He may be a doctor, but he is not very smart.
-
+
-## ものの
+## に対して
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+に{対|たい}して.
-<div class="left">
+See [[Towards#In contrast to]].
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + である</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ものの</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "although", "even though". It is formal. Similar to のに. The first part is positive, and the second one is negative.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {今日|きょう}は{晴|は}れた==ものの==とても{寒|さむ}い。
-> It is sunny today, but very cold.
-
-## もっとも
-
-Means "although", "but". Connects two phrases. Used in literature.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 帰国するつもりです。==もっとも==時間がある場合だけど。
-> I plan to return to my country. But only if I had the time...

🔰 Grammar/Opposition - but - however.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Opposition: but, however
+## Opposition : but, however
 
 ## が
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This is the basic way to say "but".
 > コンビニに行きました。==でも==、何も買わなかった。
 > I went to the convenience store. But I didn't buy anything.
 
-⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも|Even if: ても・でも]].
+⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
 
 ## しかし
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ It can also be used to soften your assertion.
 > {明日|あした}に行きたい==けど==。
 > I'd like to go tomorrow... (but I don't want to cause any inconvenience).
 
-## 「ん・の」「だけど・ですけど」
+## (ん・の)(だけど・ですけど)
 
 Means "but", "however". 
 の is more formal than ん, and ですけど is more formal than だけど.
@@ -49,3 +49,7 @@ Means "but", "however".
 > [!info] Example
 > {手伝|てつだ}いたい==んですけど=={暇|ひま}はない。
 > I'd like to help but I don't have time.
+
+## Summing up
+
+🛠 Todo.

🔰 Grammar/Opposition - even if.md

@@ -4,28 +4,10 @@
 
 See [[TeF (4) - even if]].
 
-## 「と・に」しても
+## のに
 
-See [[Considering - for - as#としても]].
+Means "although", "even tough".
-See [[Considering - for - as#にしても]].
+See [[Connectors#のに#Even tough]].
-
-## たって
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くた</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ って</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "even if", "even though". It has the same meaning as [[#て-form even if|て-form: even if]].
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {今|いま}で行==ったって==、{間|ま}に{合|あ}わない。
-> Even if you go now, you won't make it in time.
 
 ## それでも
 
@@ -35,12 +17,7 @@ Means "but still", "even so", "anyway".
 > 雨が{降|ふ}っていた、==それでも==出かけていた。
 > It was raining, but I still went out.
 
-## のに
+## くせに
-
-Means "although", "even tough". Cannot be an hypothesis, must be a confirmed fact. This, it works with past tense.
-See [[Connectors#Even tough]].
-
-## くせに・くせして
 
 <div class="usage">
 <div class="left">
@@ -49,36 +26,14 @@ See [[Connectors#Even tough]].
 	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
 	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
 </div>
-	<p class="right">+ くせに・くせして</p>
+	<p class="right">+ くせに</p>
 </div>
 
-Means "despite", "even tough". Has a negative connotation when a situation is not what was expected. Regularly used to talk about characteristics. Like のに, cannot be an hypothesis.
+Means "despite", "even tough". Has a negative connotation.
-くせして is more familiar than くせに.
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {掃除|そうじ}すると言った==くせに==、まだ{汚|きたな}いよ。
 > You said you would clean it up, but it's still dirty.
-> 
-> {子供|こども}の==くせに==、{数学|すうがく}が{得意|とくい}です。
-> Despite a child, he is good at math.
-
-## ながらも
-
-Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else. Cannot be used for an hypothesis: it is something that is happening right now.
-See also [[Time - during#ながら]].
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
-> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
-
-## Summing up
-
-* ==ても==,  ==「と・に」しても==, ==たって== and ==それでも== have the same meaning. 
-	*  ==「と・に」しても== have a bolder meaning.
-	*  ==それでも== breaks up the phrase.
-* ==のに== cannot be used for conditional situations.
-* ==くせに== talks about disappointment or characteristics.
-* ==ながらも== talks about something happening right now.
 
 ## たとえ～ても
 
@@ -98,6 +53,24 @@ Means "even if X is the case". Used to present possibilities.
 > ==たとえ=={疲|つか}れ==ても==、もうちょっと{起|お}きている。
 > Even if I'm tired, I'll stay up a little longer.
 
+## たって
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くた</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ って</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "even if", "even though".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {今|いま}で行==ったって==、{間|ま}に{合|あ}わない。
+> Even if you go now, you won't make it in time.
+
 ## ても始まらない
 
 ても{始|はじ}まらない means "there's no point, even if you..."
@@ -126,72 +99,46 @@ It is used to talk about an unexpected result, that is contradictory to the prec
 > {自転車|じてんしゃ}の{乗|の}り{方|かた}を{忘|わす}れるはありえないと{思|おも}っていた。==ところが==すっかり{忘|わす}れた。
 > I thought it was impossible to forget how to ride a bike. However, I completely forgot.
 
-## からと言って
+## ながらも
 
-<div class="usage">
+Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else.
-<div class="left">
+See also [[Time#ながら]].
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ からといって</p>
-</div>
-
-からと{言|い}って means "just because", "even if".
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {年上|としうえ}だ==からといって=={正|ただ}しいとは{限|かぎ}りません。
+> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
-> Just because you're older doesn't mean you're right.
+> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
 
-## ことにはならない
+## Summing up
 
-<div class="usage">
+🛠 To do.
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V + (という)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + という</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だという</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ことにはならない</p>
-</div>
 
-Means "just because... doesn't mean that". Used at the end of a sentence.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+# TODO
+
+## さえ (nouns)
+
+Means "even".
+Can be emphasized by used でさえ, and reemphasized with でさえも.
+Used with a noun.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {卒業|そつぎょう}だからといって今すぐ{就職|しゅうしょく}できます==ことにはならい==。
+> 
-> Just because you graduated doesn't mean you can get a job right away.
 
-## とも
+## さえ (verbs)
 
-<div class="usage">
+Means "".
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (おう)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">V (な<strike>い</strike>)く</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + <strike>い</strike> + く</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ とも</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "even if", "no matter". Similar to ても ([[TeF (4) - even if]]). Used in writing.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {辛|から}く==とも==、{全部|ぜんぶ}{食|た}べるつもりであった。
+> 
-> Even if it was spicy, I planned to eat it all.
 
-## にせよ・にしろ
 
-<div class="usage">
+even; so much as; not even
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + (である)</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ にせよ・にしろ</p>
-</div>
 
-Means "even if", "no matter". にせよ is more common in written form and にしろ is more common orally.
+https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%95%e3%81%88-sae-%e3%81%a7%e3%81%95%e3%81%88%e3%82%82-meaning/
-
+https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%95%E3%81%88
-> [!info] Example
-> {好|す}きじゃない==にしろ==、{野菜|やさい}を{食|た}べる{方|ほう}がいい。
-> Even if you don't like it, you should eat your vegetables.

🔰 Grammar/Opposition.md

@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-# Opposition
-
-## に反して
-
-に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
-> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
-
-## に対して
-
-に{対|たい}して.
-See [[Towards#In contrast to]].
-
-## 逆に
-
-{逆|ぎゃく}に means "on the contrary". Means that it is the opposite of something else.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {人|ひと}が{大体|だいたい}ウサギが{好|す}き==逆に=={彼|かれ}は{嫌|きら}い。
-> Most people like rabbits, but on the contrary he hates them.
-
-## かえって
-
-Means "on the contrary", "rather". Used for bad results, contrary to what was expected.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {薬|くすり}を{飲|の}んだら==却って=={調子|ちょうし}が{悪|わる}くなった。
-> Despite drinking medicine, on the contrary my condition got worse.
-
-## 反面
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な・である</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + である</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 反面</p>
-</div>
-
-{反面|はんめん} means "on the other hand", "however". Has the same meaning as かえって.
-Also used between two phrases as その反面.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> スープはおいしい==反面==、ちょっと{冷|つめ}たい。
-> The soup is good but a bit cold.
-
-## 一方で
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + である</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + である</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 一方(で)</p>
-</div>
-
-{一方|いっぽう}で means "on the other hand", "on another note".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> その{犬|いぬ}は{大|おお}きい==一方で==、とても{穏|おだ}やかと{親切|しんせつ}です。
-> The dog is big, but on the other hand he is very calm and kind.
-
-## に関わらず
-
-に{関|かか}わらず means "regardless", "no matter".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ここは{年齢|ねんれい}==に関わらず==、{誰|だれ}でも{歓迎|かんげい}します。
-> Everyone is welcome here, regardless of age.
-
-## を問わず
-
-を{問|と}わず means "regardless of".
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {年齢|ねんれい}==を問わず==、{誰|だれ}でも{歓迎|かんげい}する。
-> Everyone is welcome, regardless of age.
-
-## それなのに
-
-Means "and yet".
-Used to combine two sentences, appearing at the start of the second one.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {同僚|どうりょ}が{風邪|かぜ}をひいた。==それなのに==、{事務所|じむしょ}に{行|い}くつもりです。
-> My colleague has a cold. And yet, he plans to go to the office.
-
-## それにしても
-
-Means "even so", "nevertheless".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {毎日|まいにち}{頑張|がんば}る、==それにしても==まだ{下手|へた}です。
-> I try my best every day, but I'm still not very good.
-
-## はともかく
-
-Means "setting aside", "apart from". Can be completed by として.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この服は値段==はともかく==、完璧です。
-> These clothes are perfect, regardless of their price.
-
-## どころか
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ どころか</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "far from", "anything but". Negates what comes before and emphases what comes after.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {好|す}きな==どころか==、{事実|じじつ}は{嫌|きら}いだった。
-> Far from liking it, truth is that I hated it.
-
-## どころではない
-
-Means "not the time for", "far from", "out of the question". Means that something is not ideal.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {今|いま}は{電車|でんしゃ}の{中|なか}だから、{歌|うた}う==どころではない==。
-> We're on a train right now, so it's not the time to sing.

🔰 Grammar/Point of view.md

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-# Point of view
-
-## にしたら・にすれば
-
-Means "from the point of view of", "from the perspective of".
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {観光客|かんこうきゃく}==にしたら==、その{食|た}べ{物|もの}は{多分|たぶん}{不思議|ふしぎ}すぎる。
-> For tourists, this food is probably too strange.
-
-## にとって
-
-Means "concerning", "regarding". Focuses on the standpoint of the preceding part. It is used for general opinions that are shared with the majority.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 猫==にとって=={睡眠|すい|みん}は{大切|たいせつ}です。
-> Sleeping is important for cats.
-
-## の上で・上の
-
-の{上|うえ}で・{上|うえ}の means "according to", "from the point of view of". Used for rules, information, data, etc.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {規則|きそく}==の上で==はタバコを{吸|す}うは{禁止|きんし}です。
-> According to the rules, smoking is prohibited.
-
-## 上: from the standpoint of
-
-Attached to a noun, {上|じょう} means "from the standpoint of".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {法律|ほうりつ}==上==、それは{禁止|きんし}です。
-> Legally, that is prohibited.
-
-## ものがある
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ものがある</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "there is something". Used to express subjective opinion.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> この{車|くるま}には{怪|あや}しい==ものがある==。
-> There's something suspicious about this car.
-
-## から見ると
-
-から{見|み}ると means "from the point of view of", "by the look of". Used for objective judgment, based on a situation.
-Also used as から見れば, からみて or からみたら.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {先生|せんせい}==からみると==、{学生|がくせい}は{怠|なま}け{者|もの}すぎる。
-> From the teacher's point of view, the students are too lazy.
-
-## から言うと
-
-から{言|い}うと means "from the point of view of", "by the look of". Used for more subjective judgment, so cannot be used with people.
-Also used as から言えば or から言って.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {状況|じょうきょう}==から言うと==、{経済|けいざい}はよくない。
-> Given the situation, the economy is no good.

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - expectation.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Possibility: expectation
+# Possibility - expectation
 
 ## きっと
 

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - impossibility.md

@@ -1,27 +1,9 @@
-# Possibility: impossibility
+# Possibility - Impossibility
-
+
-### とても～ない
+### とても～ない
-
+
-Means "cannot". This form implies a strong impossibility. Used with negative verbs, often in potential form.
+Means "cannot". This form implies a strong impossibility. Used with negative verbs, often in potential form.
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> {苦|にが}い{食|たべ}べ{物|もの}は==とても==食べられ==ない==。
+> {苦|にが}い{食|たべ}べ{物|もの}は==とても==食べられ==ない==。
-> I cannot eat bitter food.
+> I cannot eat bitter food.
-
-## ものか・もんか
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj </span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + な</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ものか・もんか</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "there's no way it will happen", "absolutely not", "as if". Expresses disagreement or disbelief.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> こんなたくさん{家事|かじ}をする==ものか==。。。{無理|むり}です。
-> There's no way I could do so much housework... It's impossible.

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - no choice.md

@@ -1,31 +1,10 @@
-# Possibility: no choice
+# Possibility - No choice
-
+
-## しかない
+## しかない
-
+
-Means "have no choice but".
+Means "have no choice but".
-Used with verbs in dictionary form.
+Used with verbs in dictionary form.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {説明書|せつめいしょ}を{読|よ}む==しかない==な。
+> {説明書|せつめいしょ}を{読|よ}む==しかない==な。
-> I guess I have no choice but to read to manual.
+> I guess I have no choice but to read to manual.
-
-## よりほかない・にほかならない
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ よりほかない</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ にほかならない</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "nothing but", "simply". This form puts more emphasis than しかない.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {携帯|けいたい}は{壊|こわ}れていったので、{新|あたら}しいのを{買|か}う==よりほかない==。
-> My phone broke, so I have no choice but to buy a new one.

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - options.md

@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-# Possibility: options
-
-## でも
-
-Used to list one or more possible options.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ジュース==でも==お茶==でも==飲もうか。
-> Shall we drink something like a juice or tea?
-
-⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも|Even if: ても・でも]].
-
-## かどうか
-
-Means "whether or not". It is the most common form used.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 行きたい==かどうか=={分|わ}からない。
-> I'm not sure if I want to go or not.
-
-## か何か
-
-か{何|なに}か means "or something".
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ジュース==か何か=={飲|の}もうか。
-> Shall we drink something like a juice?
-
-## ようか～まいか
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V (よう)</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ か + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ まいか</p>
-</div>
-
-Rules for the second verb:
-- **V-る**:
-	- dictionary (る) form + まい
-	- V (~~ます~~) + まい
-- **V-う**: dictionary (る) form + まい
-- **くる**: こまい・くるまい
-- **する**: しまい・すまい・するまい
-
-Means "whether or not". Used to consider options. Usually written, but common orally with the verb 言う.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {雨|あめ}だ。。。行こう==か==、行く==まいか==。。。
-> It's raining... Should I go or not...
-
-## か
-
-Means "or". Can be used when there is uncertainty between two or more choices.
-See [[Question#か]].
-
-## 又は
-
-{又|また}は can be used for two things:
-* choosing between two options ("or")
-* listing two options ("both")
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 日本語==又は==英語でしゃべれます。
-> I can speak both Japanese and English.
-
-## それとも
-
-This is used to give a choice between a limited set of two options. It is casual.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 何が食べたい。ラーメン==それとも==カレーか。
-> What do you want to eat? Ramen or curry?
-
-## あるいは
-
-Means "or", "perhaps". Mostly used in written form. Can be used orally, if the difference between the two options is large.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {月曜日|げつようび}は{暇|ひま}ですか。==あるいは=={水曜日|すいようび}。
-> Are you free on Monday? Or Wednesday?

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - wish.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Possibility: wish
+# Possibility - Wish
 
 ## ぜひ
 

🔰 Grammar/Possibility.md

@@ -1,5 +1,24 @@
 # Possibility
 
+## でも
+
+Used to list one or more possible options.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ジュース==でも==お茶==でも==飲もうか。
+> Shall we drink something like a juice or tea?
+
+⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
+
+## か何か
+
+か{何|なに}か means "or something".
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ジュース==か何か=={飲|の}もうか。
+> Shall we drink something like a juice?
+
 ## かもしれない
 
 Express a possibility, like "perhaps".
@@ -18,30 +37,6 @@ Can be used as もしかしたら, もしかすると and もしかして.
 > ==もしかして=={今日|きょう}も{郵便局員|ゆうびんきょくいん}が来ません==かもしれない==。
 > Perhaps the postman will not come today either.
 
-## かねない
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (<strike>ます</strike>)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + に</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ かねない</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "possibly", "might", "could be". Usually used for negative outcomes. Mostly used in written language.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この{道|みち}は{危|あぶ}ないので{事故|じこ}が{起|お}き==かねない==。
-> This road is dangerous, so an accident might happen.
-
-## 恐らく
-
-{恐|おそ}らく means "probably", "perhaps". Placed at the beginning of a phrase. Implies a high probability.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==恐らく=={彼女|かのじょ}は{今日|きょう}も{来|こ}ない。
-> She probably won't come today either.
-
 ## ことができる
 
 Means "can", "able to".
@@ -52,12 +47,20 @@ It has the same meaning as the potential form (see Conjugation [[Basics]]).
 > {英語|えいご}を{話|はな}す==ことが出来ない==。
 > I cannot speak English.
 
+## かどうか
+
+Means "whether or not". 
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 行きたい==かどうか=={分|わ}からない。
+> I'm not sure if I want to go or not.
+
 ## ないことはない
 
 <div class="usage">
 <div class="left">
 	<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くない</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <stroke>い</stroke> くない</span></p>
 	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + ではない</span></p>
 	<p><span class="box">N + ではない</span></p>
 </div>
@@ -70,131 +73,25 @@ Means "not impossible to", "it is not that". Used with negative forms.
 > 本を{読|よ}ま==ないことはない==ですが、{最近|さいきん}は{暇|ひま}がない。
 > It's not that I don't read books, it's just that I don't have free time these days.
 
-## 恐れがある
+## か
 
-<div class="usage">
+Means "or". Can be used when there is uncertainty between two or more choices.
-<div class="left">
+See [[Question#か]].
-	<p><span class="box">V (る・ない)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj </span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 恐らくがある</p>
-</div>
 
-{恐|おそ}れがある means "there is a risk that". Used when something bad could happen.
+## 又は
+
+{又|また}は can be used for two things:
+* choosing between two options ("or")
+* listing two options ("both")
 
 > [!info] Example
-> また{地震|じしん}の==恐らくがある==。{気|き}を{付|つ}けて。
+> 日本語==又は==英語でしゃべれます。
-> There will probably be another earthquake. Please be careful.
+> I can speak both Japanese and English.
 
-## ようでは
+## それとも
 
-Means "if". Used when the result would be bad.
+This is used to give a choice between a limited set of two options. It is casual.
-Used with verbs.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {化|ば}け{物|もの}が{来|く}る==ようでは==、あなたを{食|た}べちゃうよ。
+> 何が食べたい。ラーメン==それとも==カレーか。
-> If a monster comes, it will eat you.
+> What do you want to eat? Ramen or curry?
-
-## ものなら
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V (potential れる)</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ ものなら</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "if A were possible, then B". Implies that A is either impossible or unlikely.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {合格|ごうかく}できる==ものなら==、{世界中|せかいじゅう}{一番|いちばん}うれしいなあ。
-> If I could pass, I would be the happiest in the world (but it is unlikely I'll pass).
-
-## ないことには～ない
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj (ない)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + でない</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + である</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ことには + </p>
-	<p class="box">V (ない)</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "unless you do something".
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {運転|うんてん}{免許|めんきょ}を{持|も}った==ないことには=={運転|うんてん}できない。
-> You can't drive unless you have a driving licence.
-
-## にしろ～にしろ
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ にしろ + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ にしろ</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ にしろ + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ にしろ</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ にしろ</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ にしろ</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "whether... or". Can be used as にせろ～にせろ or にしても～にしても, which is more formal.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {動物|どうぶつ}==にしろ=={植物|しょくぶつ}==にしろ==、その{物質|ぶっしつ}は{危険|きけん}です。
-> Whether animals or plants, the substance is dangerous.
-
-## なくはない・なくもない
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (なく<strike>て</strike>)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj (く) + なく</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + では + なく</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + が・は・に + なく</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ はない・もない</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "it's not that".
-With potential form of verbs, means that something is possible, despite seeming not.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> やる{気|き}==がなくはない==、{時間|じかん}は{少|すく}ないです。
-> It's not that I don't have the will, I just don't have time.

🔰 Grammar/Question.md

@@ -1,108 +1,89 @@
-# Question
+# Question
-
+
-## か
+## か
-
+
-At the end of a sentence, this particle asks a question, like a question mark.
+At the end of a sentence, this particle asks a question, like a question mark.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {猫|ねこ}が好きです==か==。
+> {猫|ねこ}が好きです==か==。
-> Do you like cats?
+> Do you like cats?
-
+
-It can also be used when there is uncertainty between two or more choices. It can be used once or multiple times.
+It can also be used when there is uncertainty between two or more choices. It can be used once or multiple times.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 犬==か==猫==か==、どちら{選|えら}んでますかな。
+> 犬==か==猫==か==、どちら{選|えら}んでますかな。
-> Which should I chose, a dog or a cat?
+> Which should I chose, a dog or a cat?
-> 
+> 
-> 雨==か=={分|わ}かりません。
+> 雨==か=={分|わ}かりません。
-> I don't know if it will rain.
+> I don't know if it will rain.
-
+
-## かな・かしら
+## かな・かしら
-
+
-Means "I wonder", "should I?". かな is a neutral form, while かしら sounds feminine.
+Means "I wonder", "should I?". かな is a neutral form, while かしら sounds feminine.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> この{帽子|ぼうし}を{被|かぶ}ろう==かな==。
+> この{帽子|ぼうし}を{被|かぶ}ろう==かな==。
-> Should I wear this hat?
+
-
+## かい
-## かい
+
-
+Using this particle, the sentences becomes a yes/no question. Very casual, masculine connotation.
-Using this particle, the sentences becomes a yes/no question. Very casual, masculine connotation.
+
-
+> [!info] Example
-> [!info] Example
+> 来るの==かい==。
-> 来るの==かい==。
+> Are you coming?
-> Are you coming?
+
-
+## どうやって
-## どうやって
+
-
+Means "how", "in what way".
-Means "how", "in what way".
+
-
+> [!info] Example
-> [!info] Example
+> これを==どうやって==作れましたか。
-> これを==どうやって==作れましたか。
+> How did you make this?
-> How did you make this?
+
-
+## Probably - right - isn't it?
-## Probably - right - isn't it?
+
-
+### でしょう
-### でしょう
+
-
+Means "probably", "right?". The polite version of だろう.
-Means "probably", "right?". The polite version of だろう.
+
-
+> [!info] Example
-> [!info] Example
+> この{服|}はきれい==でしょう==。
-> この{服|}はきれい==でしょう==。
+> These clothes are beautiful, aren't they? (It's probably what you also think?)
-> These clothes are beautiful, aren't they? (It's probably what you also think?)
+
-
+### だろう
-### だろう
+
-
+Means "probably", "right?". The casual version of でしょう.
-Means "probably", "right?". The casual version of でしょう.
+
-
+> [!info] Example
-> [!info] Example
+> 今日また雨==だろう==。
-> 今日また雨==だろう==。
+> It will probably rain again.
-> It will probably rain again.
+
-
+### ではないか
-### ではないか
+
-
+Means "isn't it?". The polite version of じゃないか.
-Means "isn't it?". The polite version of じゃないか.
+
-
+> [!info] Example
-> [!info] Example
+> 今の{揺|ゆ}れは{地震|じ|しん}==ではないか==。
-> 今の{揺|ゆ}れは{地震|じ|しん}==ではないか==。
+> That shaking is an earthquake, isn't it?
-> That shaking is an earthquake, isn't it?
+
-
+### じゃないか
-### じゃないか
+
-
+Means "isn't it?". The casual version of ではないか.
-Means "isn't it?". The casual version of ではないか.
+
-
+> [!info] Example
-> [!info] Example
+> アイスクリームを食べよう==じゃないか==。
-> アイスクリームを食べよう==じゃないか==。
+> Let's have some ice cream, shall we?
-> Let's have some ice cream, shall we?
+
-
+### ね
-### ね
+
-
+This particle when added to the end of a sentence meaning "right?".
-This particle when added to the end of a sentence meaning "right?".
+
-
+> [!info] Example
-> [!info] Example
+> 今日は{寒|さむ}いです==ね==。
-> 今日は{寒|さむ}いです==ね==。
+> It's cold today, right?
-> It's cold today, right?
+
-
+### Summing up
-### Summing up
+
-
+* ==でしょう==・==だろう== expresses a probability or an assumption.
-* ==でしょう==・==だろう== expresses a probability or an assumption.
+* ==ではないか==・==じゃないか== invites or suggests an action.
-* ==ではないか==・==じゃないか== invites or suggests an action.
+* ==ね== asks an agreement or a confirmation.
-* ==ね== asks an agreement or a confirmation.
-
-## ことか
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + である</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ことか</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "how" or "what". Used to describe an extent that is unusual or unbelievable. It is mostly used in written contexts, as it is a bit dramatic.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> フランスには、パン{屋|や}の{多|おお}さにどれほど{信|しん}じられない==ことか==。
-> It's incredible how many bakeries there are in France.

🔰 Grammar/Reason.md

@@ -115,6 +115,60 @@ See also [[Connectors - in order to#ために]].
 > {日本|にほん}に行きたい。==そのために==、{日本語|にほんご}をちゃんと{勉強|べんきょう}しています。
 > I want to go to Japan. In order to do so, I'm studying seriously.
 
+## せいで
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ せいで</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "because of". Mostly used for negative contexts, to blame, etc.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> あなたの==せいで=={負|ま}けた。
+> We lost because of you.
+
+## おかげで
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ おかげで</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "because of". Used for positive contexts, like "thanks to".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> あなたの==おかげで=={勝|か}った。
+> We lost because of you.
+
+## というのは
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">phrase</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r"> + というのは + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">definition</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+Means "this means", "known as", "because".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 「モバゲー」==というのは==モバイルゲームのことです。
+> "Mobage" stands for mobile game.
+
 ## わけだ・わけではない
 
 <div class="usage">
@@ -134,185 +188,4 @@ See also [[Connectors - in order to#ために]].
 > {毎日|まいにち}{料理|りょうり}を{作|つく}るからうまくになった==わけだ==。
 > I got good at cooking because I cook every day.
 
-See also [[Certainty#わけがない]].
+See also [[Certainty#わけがない]].
-
-## からこそ
-
-Means "precisely because". Made with the [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because|から]] and [[🔰 Particles (2)#こそ|こそ]] particles, to emphasize the reason.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {清潔|せいけつ}==だからこそ=={快適|かいてき}です。
-> It's precisely because it's clean that it is comfortable.
-
-⚠ Uses the same rules as [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because|から]].
-
-## ことだから
-
-Means "exactly because". Usually used to talk about something characteristic to someone.
-Used with nouns + の.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {彼女|かのじょ}==のことだから==、{必|かなら}ず{来|き}ます。
-> It's precisely because it's her that I'm sure she'll come.
-
-## につき
-
-Means "due to". Used when a change happens. It is formal.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {年次|ねんじ}{休業|きゅうぎょう}==につき==、セールが{開催|かいさい}{中|ちゅう}。
-> Due to the annual closure, a sale is being held.
-
-## もの・もん
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (+ んだ)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj (+ んだ)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj (+ なんだ)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N (+ なんだ)</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ もの・もん</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "because". It is usually casual.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {具合|ぐあい}が{悪|わる}い。。。{臭|くさ}い==んだもの==。
-> I don't feel well... because something stinks.
-
-## ものだから
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + な</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ものだから・ものですから・もんだから</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "because". Used to emphasize what has been said before, the reason for something, explaining something, or giving an excuse.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {電車|でんしゃ}{事故|じこ}があった==ものだから==、{私|わたし}は{遅|おく}れてしまった。
-> There was a train accident, so I was late.
-
-## Positive
-
-### おかげで
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ おかげで</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "because of". Used for positive contexts, like "thanks to".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> あなたの==おかげで=={勝|か}った。
-> We won because of you.
-
-### だけあって
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ だけあって・だけのことはあって</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "being the case", "as expected", "precisely because". Only used for positive results.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼女|かのじょ}==だけあって==、{美|うつく}しい{服|ふく}を{着|き}た。
-> As expected of her, she wore beautiful clothes.
-
-## Negative
-
-### せいで
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ せいで</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "because of". Mostly used for negative contexts, to blame, etc.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> あなたの==せいで=={負|ま}けた。
-> We lost because of you.
-
-### ばかりに
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ばかりに</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "simply because". Usually used for negative results.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {彼|かれ}はたった{一|ひと}つミスをした==ばかりに=={解雇|かいこ}されました。
-> He was fired after making only one mistake.
-
-## Since... it's obvious that...
-
-All three patterns mean "because A... obviously B". They have slight differences.
-Used when talking about things like decision, judgement, etc.
-
-### 上は
-
-{上|うえ}は is the most formal form.
-Used with verbs (る, た forms).
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {先生|せんせい}が{言|い}った==上は=={必|かなら}ずする。
-> Since the teacher said it, I will definitely do it.
-
-### 以上は
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + である</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + である</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 以上は</p>
-</div>
-
-{以上|いじょう}は is formal.
-Only with this form, both parts of the sentence can talk about different persons.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {彼|かれ}がまだ{来|き}ません==以上は==、{今|いま}{帰|かえ}ります。
-> Since he still have not come, I'm going home now.
-
-### からには
-
-It is used in conversations. Can only be used for talking about oneself. Generally used for positive results.
-Used with verbs.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> お{金|かね}がある==からには==、いい{家|いえ}を{買|か}うつもりです。
-> Since I have money, I plan to buy a nice house.

🔰 Grammar/Request.md

@@ -1,66 +1,57 @@
-# Request
+# Request
-
+
-## てください
+## てください
-
+
-It is a polite request that is translated as "please do".
+It is a polite request that is translated as "please do". See Conjugation [[Basics]] ("command").
-In casual speech, can be shortened to て.
+In casual speech, can be shortened to て.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {消|けし}しゴムを{貸|か}し==て==。
+> {消|けし}しゴムを{貸|か}し==て==。
-> Lend me your eraser.
+> Lend me your eraser.
-
+
-## てもいい
+## てもいい
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V-て</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V-て</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くて</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くて</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + で</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + で</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + で</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + で</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ もいい</p>
+	<p class="right">+ もいい</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means "is it alright if?", "may I?".
+Means "is it alright if?", "may I?".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> ここに{座|すわ}==てもいい==ですか。
+> ここに{座|すわ}==てもいい==ですか。
-> May I sit here?
+> May I sit here?
-
+
-A more polite way is [[Can't help - doesn't matter#ても構わない]].
+A more polite way is ても構いません　(🛠 put link later).
-
+
-## ないでください
+## ないでください
-
+
-Means "please don't". It is a polite request. Removing the ください makes it more casual.
+Means "please don't". It is a polite request. Removing the ください makes it more casual.
-Formed by a verb in the negative form (ない) with the で particle.
+Formed by a verb in the negative form (ない) with the で particle.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {冷蔵庫|れいぞうこ}のデザートは食べ==ないでください==。
+> {冷蔵庫|れいぞうこ}のデザートは食べ==ないでください==。
-> Please do not eat the dessert from the fridge.
+> Please do not eat the dessert from the fridge.
-
+
-## なさい
+## なさい
-
+
-This form is used when commanding an action.
+This form is used when commanding an action.
-It is used with verbs by removing the ます and adding なさい. In casual conversation, it can be shortened to な.
+It is used with verbs by removing the ます and adding なさい. In casual conversation, it can be shortened to な.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {質問|しつ|もん}を{答|こた}え==なさい==。
+> {質問|しつ|もん}を{答|こた}え==なさい==。
-> Answer the question.
+> Answer the question.
-
+
-## ように言う
+## ように言う
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+It means "to tell", "to request", "to order".
-	<p class="r">V +</p>
+It is form by added ように{言|い}う to a verb. The verb {頼|たの}む can be used for requests, while {命|めい}じる can be used for order. The verb {言|い}う can tell the three meanings depending on the tone.
-<div class="">
+
-	<p><span class="box">ように</span></p>
+> [!info] Example
-</div>
+> {子供|こども}にお{菓子|か|し}を食べない==ように言った==。
-	<p class="r">+ V 「言う・命じる・頼む・...」</p>
+> I told the kids to not eat candies.
-</div>
-
-It means "to tell", "to request", "to order".
-
-The verb {頼|たの}む can be used for requests, while {命|めい}じる can be used for order. The verb {言|い}う can tell the three meanings depending on the tone. Other similar verbs can be used ({注意|ちゅうい}する, {進|すす}む, etc).
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {子供|こども}にお{菓子|か|し}を食べない==ように言った==。
-> I told the kids to not eat candies.

🔰 Grammar/State.md

@@ -1,106 +1,98 @@
-# State
+# State
-
+
-## まま
+## まま
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ まま</p>
+	<p class="right">+ まま</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means that something doesn't change state, stays as it is.
+Means that something doesn't change state, stays as it is.
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> {開|あ}けた==まま==。
+> {開|あ}けた==まま==。
-> To be left open.
+> To be left open.
-> 
+> 
-> {熱|あつ}い==まま==。
+> {熱|あつ}い==まま==。
-> Still hot.
+> Still hot.
-> 
+> 
-> {昔|むかし}の==まま==。
+> {昔|むかし}の==まま==。
-> As it always been.
+> As it always been.
-> 
+> 
-> その==まま==でいい。
+> その==まま==でいい。
-> It is fine as it is.
+> It is fine as it is.
-
+
-## さえ～ば
+## さえ～ば
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
+<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="r">+ さえ + すれば</p>
+	<p class="r">+ さえ + すれば</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
+<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="r">+ さえ + いれば</p>
+	<p class="r">+ さえ + いれば</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
+<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="r">+ さえ + V(ば)</p>
+	<p class="r">+ さえ + V(ば)</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means "as long as", "if only". If a certain condition is met, the result will be okay.
+Means "as long as", "if only". If a certain condition is met, the result will be okay.
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> {公園|こうえん}==さえ==あれ==ば==、うれしいです。
+> {公園|こうえん}==さえ==あれ==ば==、うれしいです。
-> As long as there is a park, I am happy.
+> As long as there is a park, I am happy.
-
+
-## かける
+## かける
-
+
-Means "half", "not yet finished", "in the middle of".
+Means "half", "not yet finished", "in the middle of".
-Made by removing the ます stem of a verb.
+Made by removing the ます stem of a verb.
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> この{本棚|ほんだな}はまだ{作|つく}り==かける==です。
+> この{本棚|ほんだな}はまだ{作|つく}り==かける==です。
-> This bookshelf is not yet finished building.
+> This bookshelf is not yet finished building.
-
+
-## 一方だ
+## 一方だ
-
+
-{一方|いっぽう}だ means "to continue to", "more and more".
+{一方|いっぽう}だ means "to continue to", "more and more".
-Used with verbs that expresses change.
+Used with verbs that expresses change.
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> {禁煙|きんえん}の{場所|ばしょ}は{増|ふ}えている==一方です==。
+> {禁煙|きんえん}の{場所|ばしょ}は{増|ふ}えている==一方です==。
-> The number of places where smoking is prohibited keeps increasing.
+> The number of places where smoking is prohibited keeps increasing.
-
+
-## ばかりだ
+## 結果
-
+
-Means "to continue to", in a negative direction. Used with verbs in the dictionary form (る), that describe a form of change. Can also be used as ばっかり, ばっか, ばかし, and ばっかし instead of ばかり.
+<div class="usage">
-
+<div class="left">
-> [!info] Examples
+	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
-> {病気|びょうき}は{悪|わる}くなる==ばかりです==。
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-> The illness is only getting worse.
+</div>
-
+	<p class="right">+ 結果</p>
-## 結果
+</div>
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+{結果|けっか} means "as a result of", "after".
-<div class="left">
+
-	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
+> [!info] Examples
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+> {遅|おく}れた==結果==もう{全部|ぜんぶ}の{切符|きっぷ}は{売|う}り{切|き}れた。
-</div>
+> As a result of being late, all the tickets were already sold out.
-	<p class="right">+ 結果</p>
+
-</div>
+## 結局
-
+
-{結果|けっか} means "as a result of", "after".
+{結局|けっきょく} means "after all", "in the end". Acts as a conclusion.
-
+
-> [!info] Examples
+> [!info] Examples
-> {遅|おく}れた==結果==もう{全部|ぜんぶ}の{切符|きっぷ}は{売|う}り{切|き}れた。
+> ==結局=={卒業|そつぎょう}した。
-> As a result of being late, all the tickets were already sold out.
+> In the end, I graduated.
-
-## 結局
-
-{結局|けっきょく} means "after all", "in the end". Acts as a conclusion.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> ==結局=={卒業|そつぎょう}した。
-> In the end, I graduated.

🔰 Grammar/Talking about.md

@@ -1,197 +1,100 @@
-# Talking about
+# Talking about
-
+
-## と言えば・と言うと
+## と言えば・と言うと
-
+
-と{言|い}えば・と{言|い}うと means "speaking of".
+と{言|い}えば・と{言|い}うと means "speaking of".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 日本==と言えば==、富士山です。
+> 日本==と言えば==、富士山です。
-> Speaking of Japan, Mount Fuji comes to mind.
+> Speaking of Japan, Mount Fuji comes to mind.
-
+
-## というのは
+## において・における
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+Means "in", "at", "regarding".
-<div class="">
+Used with nouns. Is used in formal language.
-	<p><span class="box">phrase</span></p>
+
-</div>
+> [!info] Example
-	<p class="r"> + というのは + </p>
+> {冬|ふゆ}==において=={雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}る。
-<div class="">
+> Snow falls in winter.
-	<p><span class="box">definition</span></p>
+
-</div>
+## について
-</div>
+
-
+Means "concerning", "about".
-Means "this means", "known as", "because".
+Used with nouns.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 「モバゲー」==というのは==モバイルゲームのことです。
+> {面接|めんせつ}==について==はいつがよろしいでしょうか。
-> "Mobage" stands for mobile game.
+> Regarding the interview, when would be a good time?
-
+
-## において・における
+## に関する・に関して
-
+
-Means "in", "at", "regarding".
+に{関|かん}する・に{関|かん}して means "related to", "about". More formal than について.
-Used with nouns. It is used in formal language.
+Used with nouns.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {冬|ふゆ}==において=={雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}る。
+> ロボット==に関して==ゲームがあるんです。
-> Snow falls in winter.
+> Are there any games about robots?
-> 
+
-> 荒川==において=={花火|はなび}。
+## つまり
-> Fireworks held on Arakawa River.
+
-
+Means "in other words". Used after a first phrase for an alternative explanation.
-## について
+
-
+> [!info] Example
-Means "concerning", "about".
+> この{映画|えいが}は１２０分、==つまり==２時です。
-Used with nouns.
+> This movie is 120 minutes, that is to say 2 hours.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+## すなわち
-> {面接|めんせつ}==について==はいつがよろしいでしょうか。
+
-> Regarding the interview, when would be a good time?
+Means "in other words". More formal than つまり.
-
+
-## をめぐって
+> [!info] Example
-
+> この{映画|えいが}は１２０分、==すなわち==２時です。
-<div class="usage">
+> This movie is 120 minutes, that is to say 2 hours.
-<div class="">
+
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+## にかけて
-</div>
+
-	<p class="r">+ をめぐって</p>
+Means "through", "concerning". It is used for something that happens over a period of time.
-</div>
+Used with a noun.
-<div class="usage">
+
-<div class="">
+> [!info] Example
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+> {日本|にほん}には６月から９月==にかけて==は{暑|あつ}いです。
-</div>
+> It is hot in Japan from June through September.
-	<p class="r">+ をめぐる +</p>
+
-<div class="">
+## をはじめ
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+
-</div>
+Means "starting with", "not only".
-</div>
+Used with nouns.
-
+
-Means "concerning", "in regard to". It has the same meaning as について.
+> [!info] Example
-
+> 漫画==をはじめ=={日本|にほん}の{文化|ぶんか}は{面白|おもしろ}い。
-> [!info] Example
+> Japanese culture, starting with manga, is interesting.
-> 田中さん==をめぐって==、いろんな{噂|うわさ}がある。
+> 
-> There are many rumours concerning Tanaka-san.
+> フランスの文化はパン==をはじめ==、ワインも{人気|にんき}です。
-
+> French culture is popular not only for bread, but also for wine.
-## というものだ
+
-
+## にとって
-Means "concerning", "something called". Used for explanations or morals.
+
-
+Means "concerning", "regarding". Focuses on the standpoint of the preceding part.
-> [!info] Example
+Used with nouns.
-> これはノートパソコン==というものだ==。
+
-> This is what we call a laptop.
+> [!info] Example
-
+> 猫==にとって=={睡眠|すい|みん}は{大切|たいせつ}です。
-## に関する・に関して
+> Sleeping is important for cats.
-
+
-に{関|かん}する・に{関|かん}して means "related to", "about". More formal than について.
+## なんか・なんて
-Used with nouns.
+
-
+Means "such as", "things like". It is used to give examples or to show emphasis.
-> [!info] Example
+なんか is more informal than なんて. Both are spoken form, while [[Listing#など]] is more written.
-> ロボット==に関して==ゲームがあるんです。
+なんて is used with all words, while なんか is used with nouns.
-> Are there any games about robots?
+
-
+> [!info] Example
-## つまり
+> iPod==なんか=={古|ふる}いな{物|もの}です。
-
+> Things like iPod are old.
-Means "in other words". Used after a first phrase for an alternative explanation.
+
-
+## 例えば
-> [!info] Example
+
-> この{映画|えいが}は１２０分、==つまり==２時です。
+{例|たと}えば means "for example".
-> This movie is 120 minutes, that is to say 2 hours.
+
-
+> [!info] Example
-## ということは
+> {虫|むし}が{好|すき}きです。==例えば=={蝉|せみ}です。
-
+> I like insect. For example, cicadas.
-Means "that is to say", "in other words". Used when the answer needs thinking. つまり is more direct.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> A: あの{人|ひと}はわたしの{父|ちち}の{妹|いもうと}んです。
-> B: ==ということは==、あなたのおばさんですね。
-> A: She's my father's sister.
-> B: That means she's your aunt, right.
-
-## すなわち
-
-Means "in other words". More formal than つまり.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この{映画|えいが}は１２０分、==すなわち==２時です。
-> This movie is 120 minutes, that is to say 2 hours.
-
-## 要するに
-
-{要|よう}するに means "in summary". It is placed at the beginning of the sentence.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==要するに==、新しい仕事に就きました。
-> In summary, I got a new job.
-
-## にかけて
-
-Means "through", "concerning". It is used for something that happens over a period of time.
-Used with a noun.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {日本|にほん}には６月から９月==にかけて==は{暑|あつ}いです。
-> It is hot in Japan from June through September.
-
-## をはじめ
-
-Means "starting with", "not only".
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 漫画==をはじめ=={日本|にほん}の{文化|ぶんか}は{面白|おもしろ}い。
-> Japanese culture, starting with manga, is interesting.
-> 
-> フランスの文化はパン==をはじめ==、ワインも{人気|にんき}です。
-> French culture is popular not only for bread, but also for wine.
-
-## なんか・なんて
-
-Means "such as", "things like". It is used to give examples or to show emphasis.
-なんか is more informal than なんて. Both are spoken form, while [[Listing#など]] is more written.
-なんて is used with all words, while なんか is used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> iPod==なんか=={古|ふる}いな{物|もの}です。
-> Things like iPod are old.
-
-## 例えば
-
-{例|たと}えば means "for example".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {虫|むし}が{好|すき}きです。==例えば=={蝉|せみ}です。
-> I like insect. For example, cicadas.
-
-## ものだ・ものではない
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (る・ない)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj </span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ものだ・ものではない</p>
-</div>
-
-ものだ is used when something is common knowledge, custom, etc. That it is something that is natural or expected.
-ものではない is used for something that is not expected.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {車|くるま}はいつも{高|たか}い==ものだ==。
-> Cars are always expensive.
-
-## というふうに
-
-Means "as if to say", "in such a way that", "like". Used to describe the manner in which something is done, give examples.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼|かれ}は{泥棒|どろぼう}==というふうに=={立|た}ち{去|さ}ってしました。
-> He departed like a thief.
-
-## ふうに
-
-Means "in the way of".
-Used after words like こんな, そんな, あんな, どんな and verbs.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> こんな==ふうに==はだめ！
-> Do not do it like this!

🔰 Grammar/Thanks.md

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-# Thanks
-
-## せっかく
-
-Means "with trouble", "thank you for the trouble", etc.
-Used at the beginning of a phrase.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==せっかく==ケーキを{持|も}てきてくれてありがとう。
-> Thank you for bringing the cake.
-
-## 幸い・幸いなことに
-
-{幸|さいわ}い・{幸|さいわ}いなことに means "luckily", "fortunately".
-Used at the beginning of a phrase.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==幸い==、{一番|いちばん}{欲|ほ}しかったガシャポンが{手|て}に{入|い}れった。
-> Luckily, I got the gashapon I wanted the most.

🔰 Grammar/Time - close.md

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-# Time - close
-
-## ところ
-
-Means "just about to". Used when describing what we're about to do. Can also mean "just after something happened".
-Used by combining to a verb.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 今ご{飯|はん}を作る==ところ==です。
-> I'm about to make dinner.
-
-## かと思ったら
-
-かと{思|おも}ったら means "just when".
-Can also be used as かと思うと and かと思えば.
-Used with a verb in the past (た) form.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> スーパーに{行|い}った==かと思ったら==、{雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}り{出|だ}した。
-> Just as I went to the supermarket, it started snowing.
-
-## か～ないかのうちに
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ か +</p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ か + のちに</p>
-</div>
-
-か～ないかのうちに means "right after", "as soon as". It is formal.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼|かれ}は{電車|でんしゃ}が{駅|えき}に{着|つ}く==か=={着|つ}かない==かのうちに=={走|はし}り{始|はじ}めた。
-> He started running as soon as the train arrived at the station.
-
-## 次第
-
-{次第|しだい} means "as soon as". Made by removing the ます stem of a verb.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {食|たべ}べ==次第==、オフィスに行ってください。
-> As soon as you've eaten, please go to the office.
-
-With に at the end, it means "gradually".
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼|かれ}は==次第に=={上手|じょうず}になってきた。
-> He's gradually gotten better.
-
-## 直ちに
-
-{直|ただ}ちに means "immediately", "at once". 
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> ==直ちに=={出|で}かけなきゃ！
-> I need to get going right now!
-
-## ところに
-
-Means "at the time", "when", "while", "just as". Used with verbs in the ている form.
-Focuses on the scene or situation rather than the action.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> ばかばかしいことをしていた==ところに==、{先輩|せんぱい}{入|はい}りました。
-> While I was doing something stupid, my senior came in.
-
-## 一気に
-
-{一気|いっき}に means "at once", "all at once" and "instantly", "right away".
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> ==一気に=={全部|ぜんぶ}{食|た}べちゃった。
-> I ate it all in one go.
-> 
-> {彼|かれ}を{叱|しか}った{後|あと}で、==一気に=={止|や}めました。
-> After scolding him, he stopped right away.

🔰 Grammar/Time - during.md

@@ -1,193 +1,156 @@
-# Time: during
+# Time - During
-
+
-## 間
+## 間
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 間</p>
+	<p class="right">+ 間</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-{間|あいだ} means "while" or "during". Used to express something that is done for the whole period of time.
+{間|あいだ} means "while" or "during". Used to express something that is done for the whole period of time.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 電車に{乗|の}っている==間==、ゲームをしてた。
+> 電車に{乗|の}っている==間==、ゲームをしてた。
-> While I was on the train, I was playing a game.
+> While I was on the train, I was playing a game.
-
+
-Can also be used to talk about a distance between two physical places or the time between two things.
+Can also be used to talk about a distance between two physical places or the time between two things.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> １時から９じまでの==間==、{寝|ね}ます。
+> １時から９じまでの==間==、{寝|ね}ます。
-> I sleep between 1AM and 9AM.
+> I sleep between 1AM and 9AM.
-
+
-## 間に
+## 間に
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (casual, non-past)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual, non-past)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 間に</p>
+	<p class="right">+ 間に</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-A first meaning is similar to {間|あいだ} (while), but with intentionality.
+A first meaning is similar to {間|あいだ} (while), but with intentionality.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 電車に{乗|の}っている==間に==、本を読みました。
+> 電車に{乗|の}った==間に==、本を読みました。
-> While I was on the train, I read a book.
+> While I was on the train, I read a book.
-
+
-A second meaning is a statement of something that happened during a time period, independently of your actions.
+A second meaning is a statement of something that happened during a time period, independently of your actions.
-Contrary to 間, it doesn't include the whole time period. So 間に means that at a point during the time period, something happened.
+Contrary to 間, it doesn't include the whole time period. So 間に means that at a point during the time period, something happened.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {夜|よる}の==間に==、{隣|となり}の木が{落|お}ちていた。
+> {夜|よる}の==間に==、{隣|となり}の木が{落|お}ちていた。
-> During the night, the tree next door fell.
+> During the night, the tree next door fell.
-
+
-## ながら
+## ながら
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
+<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V-<strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V-<strike>ます</strike></span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="r"> + ながら + ...</p>
+	<p class="r"> + ながら + ...</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means "while", "simultaneously". The difference with ついでに is that here the main action is the second one. Happens at the same time.
+Means "while", "simultaneously". The difference with ついでに is that here the main action is the second one.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {歩|ある}き==ながら=={電話|でん|わ}を見ています。
+> {歩|ある}き==ながら=={電話|でん|わ}を見ています。
-> While walking, I'm looking at my phone.
+> While walking, I'm looking at my phone.
-
+
-## ついでに
+## ついでに
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ついでに</p>
+	<p class="right">+ ついでに</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means "while", "at the same time". The difference with ながら is that here the main action is the first one. An opportunity of doing something during the occurrence of the first one (but not for the entire time).
+Means "while", "at the same time". The difference with ながら is that here the main action is the first one.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> スーパーに行く==ついでに==、おにぎりを{買|か}ってくれませんか。
+> スーパーに行く==ついでに==、おにぎりを{買|か}ってくれませんか。
-> While you're going to the supermarket, could you bring onigiri?
+> While you're going to the supermarket, could you bring onigiri?
-
+
-## と同時に
+## 中
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+{中|ちゅう}・{中|じゅう} means different things depending on its pronunciation:
-<div class="left">
+* ちゅう is used when pointing a specific time: "during", "at some point".
-	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
+* じゅう is used for the entire time or area: "through", "within", "before it ends".
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + である</span></p>
+> [!info] Example
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+> {午後|ごご}==中==に{会議|かいぎ}がある。
-</div>
+> There is a meeting in the afternoon (ちゅう).
-	<p class="right">+ と同時に</p>
+> 
-</div>
+> {今年|ことし}==中==にスウェーデンに行きたい。
-
+> I want to go to Sweden before the end of this year (じゅう).
-と{同時|どうじ}に means "at the same time as", "while". Contrary to ながら, it is used for something that happens at a precise moment, not during the whole time.
+
-
+## うちに
-> [!info] Example
+
-> {電車|でんしゃ}に{乗|の}っている==と同時に==、おじいさんが{落|お}ちた。
+<div class="usage">
-> While on the train, an old man fell off.
+<div class="left">
-
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
-## 中
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-{中|ちゅう}・{中|じゅう} means different things depending on its pronunciation:
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-* ちゅう is used when pointing a specific time: "during", "at some point".
+</div>
-* じゅう is used for the entire time or area: "through", "within", "before it ends".
+	<p class="right">+ うちに</p>
-
+</div>
-> [!info] Example
+
-> {午後|ごご}==中==に{会議|かいぎ}がある。
+Means "while". The nuance is that the time is optimal and should be taken advantage of.
-> There is a meeting in the afternoon (ちゅう).
+
-> 
+> [!info] Example
-> {今年|ことし}==中==にスウェーデンに行きたい。
+> {晴|は}れる==うちに=={散歩|さんぽ}しましょう。
-> I want to go to Sweden before the end of this year (じゅう).
+> Let's take a walk while the weather is nice.
-
+
-## うちに
+## 途中で・途中に
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+</div>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+	<p class="right">+ 途中で・途中に</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ うちに</p>
+
-</div>
+{途中|とちゅう}で・{途中|とちゅう}に means "in the middle of", "on the way".
-
+
-Means "while". The nuance is that the time is optimal and should be taken advantage of.
+> [!info] Example
-
+> {帰|かえ}る==途中で=={自動販売機|じ|どう|はん|ばい|き}で{飲|のみ}み{物|もの}を{買|か}った。
-> [!info] Example
+> On the way home, I bought a drink from the vending machine.
-> {晴|は}れる==うちに=={散歩|さんぽ}しましょう。
+
-> Let's take a walk while the weather is nice.
+## ているところ
-
+
-## 限り
+Means "in the process/middle of doing".
-
+See [[TeF (2) - manner of doing#ているところ]].
-<div class="usage">
+
-<div class="left">
+## 最中に
-	<p><span class="box">V (る・た・ない・ている・)</span></p>
+
-	<p><span class="box">N + である</span></p>
+<div class="usage">
-</div>
+<div class="left">
-	<p class="right">+ 限り</p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (ている)</span></p>
-</div>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-
+</div>
-{限|かぎ}り means "as long as", "while". Also means "limited to".
+	<p class="right">+ 最中に</p>
-
+</div>
-> [!info] Example
+
-> この{映画|えいが}は{来週|らいしゅう}==限り=={劇場|げきじょう}で{上映|じょうえい}されます。
+{最中|さいちゅう}に means "in the middle of". Happens during something else, interrupting or disturbing it.
-> This movie will be in theaters the next week only.
+
-> 
+> [!info] Example
-> {仕事|しごと}を{真面目|まじめ}にする==限り==、{大丈夫|だいじょうぶ}。
+> {運転|うんてん}していた==最中に=={鹿|しか}が{現|あらわ}れた。
-> As long as you're serious doing your job, it will be fine.
+> While I was driving, a deer appeared.
-
+
-## 途中で・途中に
+## しばらく
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+Means "for a while", "for now".
-<div class="left">
+
-	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+> [!info] Example
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+> ==しばらく==お{待|ま}ちください。
-</div>
+> Please wait for a moment.
-	<p class="right">+ 途中で・途中に</p>
-</div>
-
-{途中|とちゅう}で・{途中|とちゅう}に means "in the middle of", "on the way".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {帰|かえ}る==途中で=={自動販売機|じ|どう|はん|ばい|き}で{飲|のみ}み{物|もの}を{買|か}った。
-> On the way home, I bought a drink from the vending machine.
-
-## ているところ
-
-Means "in the process/middle of doing".
-See [[TeF (2) - manner of doing#ているところ]].
-
-## 最中に
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (ている)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 最中に</p>
-</div>
-
-{最中|さいちゅう}に means "in the middle of". Happens during something else, interrupting or disturbing it.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {運転|うんてん}していた==最中に=={鹿|しか}が{現|あらわ}れた。
-> While I was driving, a deer appeared.
-
-## しばらく
-
-Means "for a while", "for now".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==しばらく==お{待|ま}ちください。
-> Please wait for a moment.

🔰 Grammar/Time - finally.md

@@ -1,60 +1,17 @@
-# Time: finally
+# Time - finally
-
+
-## やっと
+## やっと
-
+
-Means that something happened at last, with efforts. More rarely means "barely".
+Means that something happened at last. More rarely means "barely".
-Used at the beginning of a phrase.
+
-
+> [!info] Example
-> [!info] Example
+> ==やっと=={論文|ろん|ぶん}を書き{終|お}わった。
-> ==やっと=={論文|ろん|ぶん}を書き{終|お}わった。
+> I finally finished writing my thesis.
-> I finally finished writing my thesis.
+
-
+## ついに
-## ついに
+
-
+Means "finally", "at last". Something happened after working to accomplish the goal.
-Means "finally", "at last". Something happened after working to accomplish the goal. Positive implications.
+
-Used at the beginning of a phrase.
+> [!info] Example
-
+> ==ついに== {新|あたら}しい{地下鉄|ちかてつ}が{出来上|で|き|あ}がった。
-> [!info] Example
+> At last, the new subway was completed.
-> ==ついに== {新|あたら}しい{地下鉄|ちかてつ}が{出来上|で|き|あ}がった。
-> At last, the new subway was completed.
-
-## あげく
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ あげく</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "in the end", "finally". Implies a negative result, despite effort given.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {一緒|いっしょ}に{暮|く}らした==あげく==、{別|わか}れることに{決|き}めました。
-> After living together, we decided to break up.
-
-## いよいよ
-
-Means "finally". Explains that something finally happened (after preparation, waiting, etc).
-Used at the beginning of a phrase.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> ==いよいよ=={作|つく}り{終|お}わりました。
-> I finally finished it.
-
-## 末に
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 末に</p>
-</div>
-
-{末|すえ}に means "finally". Focuses on the end of the preparation.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> ==末に=={準備|じゅんび}を{終|お}わりました。
-> Finally, I finished the preparations.

🔰 Grammar/Time - recently.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Time: recently
+# Time - recently
 
 ## さっき
 

🔰 Grammar/Time - regularity.md

@@ -1,70 +1,54 @@
-# Time: regularity
+# Time - Regularity
-
+
-## たびに
+## たびに
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ たびに</p>
+	<p class="right">+ たびに</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means "whenever", "every time".
+Means "whenever", "every time".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {犬|いぬ}を{見|み}る==たびに=={幸|しあわ}せになる。
+> {犬|いぬ}を{見|み}る==たびに=={幸|しあわ}せになる。
-> Whenever I see a dog, I feel happy.
+> Whenever I see a dog, I feel happy.
-
+
-## おきに
+## おきに
-
+
-Means "every other". This is used for repeated intervals, after a noun indicating something measurable.
+Means "every other". This is used for repeated intervals, after a noun indicating something measurable.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> この電車は４分==おきに=={出発|しゅ|っぱつ}します。
+> この電車は４分==おきに=={出発|しゅ|っぱつ}します。
-> This train leaves every four minutes.
+> This train leaves every four minutes.
-
+
-## ごとに
+## ごとに
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ ごとに</p>
+	<p class="right">+ ごとに</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Means "each", "every". Used for intervals.
+Means "each", "every". Used for intervals.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {彼女|かのじょ}に{会|あ}う==ごとに==、{心|こころ}がドキドキする。
+> {彼女|かのじょ}に{会|あ}う==ごとに==、{心|こころ}がドキドキする。
-> Every time I see her, my heart pounds.
+> Every time I see her, my heart pounds.
-
+
-## おきに vs ごとに
+## おきに vs ごとに
-
+
-The way the intervals are counted between these two grammar structure is different.
+The way the intervals are counted between these two grammar structure is different.
-* おきに refers to what is _inside_ the interval.
+* おきに refers to what is _inside_ the interval.
-* ごとに refers to the interval _per se_.
+* ごとに refers to the interval _per se_.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> １日==おきに== =２日==ごとに== = every other day = every second day
+> １日==おきに== =２日==ごとに== = every other day = every second day
-> ●○●○●○●
+> ●○●○●○●
->
+>
-> ２日==おきに== =３日==ごとに== = every three days = every third day
+> ２日==おきに== =３日==ごとに== (every three days = every third day)  
-> ●○○●○○●○○●
+> ●○○●○○●○○●
-
-## につけ
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ につけ・につけて</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "every time", "whenever". Formal and rarely used nowadays.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> 私が{掃除機|そうじき}を{使|つか}う==につけ==、うちの{犬|いぬ}が{怖|こわ}がります。
-> Every time I use the vacuum cleaner, my dog is scared.

🔰 Grammar/Time - surprise.md

@@ -1,34 +1,26 @@
-# Time: surprise
+# Time - Surprise
-
+
-## 急に
+## 急に
-
+
-{急|きゅう}に means that something happened unexpectedly or quickly.
+{急|きゅう}に means that something happened unexpectedly or quickly.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> ==急に==電車が{現|あらわ}れた。
+> ==急に==電車が{現|あらわ}れた。
-> A train suddenly appeared.
+> A train suddenly appeared.
-
+
-## ふと
+## ふと
-
+
-This means "suddenly", "unexpectedly", "unintentionally". Emphasis is on the lack of intention.
+This means "suddenly", "unexpectedly", "unintentionally". Emphasis is on the lack of intention.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> ==ふと=={通|とお}りに１０００円を{見|み}つけた。
+> ==ふと=={通|とお}りに１０００円を{見|み}つけた。
-> I found 1000 yen on the street by chance.
+> I found 1000 yen on the street by chance.
-
+
-## いきなり
+## たとたん
-
+
-Means "suddenly". Used before a phrase containing an action. It implies something that is more surprising than with 急に, puts more emotion into it.
+Means "just as". Used for an action that happens just at the moment something else occurs. Can convey a nuance of something unexpected or surprising.
-
+Used with verbs in the past form (た).
-> [!info] Examples
+
-> ==いきなり=={雨|あめ}が{降|ふ}ってきた。
+> [!info] Example
-> It suddenly started raining.
+> {部屋|へや}を{掃除|そうじ}し==たとたん==、うちの{猫|ねこ}が{吐|は}いてしまった。
-
+> As soon as I cleaned my room, my cat vomited.
-## たとたん
-
-Means "just as". Used for an action that happens just at the moment something else occurs. Can convey a nuance of something unexpected or surprising.
-Used with verbs in the past form (た).
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {部屋|へや}を{掃除|そうじ}し==たとたん==、うちの{猫|ねこ}が{吐|は}いてしまった。
-> As soon as I cleaned my room, my cat vomited.

🔰 Grammar/Time - throughout.md

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-# Time - throughout
-
-## から〜にかけて
-
-Means "through", "from... until". Indicates that something happens over a period of time.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {朝|あさ}==から=={夜|よる}==にかかて==ゲームしたい。
-> I want to play games from morning to night.
-
-## にわたって
-
-Means "throughout", "over (a period)". It is formal.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {今日|きょう}==にわたって=={不運|ふうん}だった。
-> I've had bad luck throughout the day.

🔰 Grammar/Time.md

@@ -44,6 +44,15 @@ Used by combining to a verb.
 > {時々|とき|どき}パリへ行く==ことがある==。
 > I sometimes go to Paris.
 
+## ところ
+
+Means "just about to". Used when describing what we're about to do.
+Used by combining to a verb.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 今ご{飯|はん}を作る==ところ==です。
+> I'm about to make dinner.
+
 ## から～まで
 
 See から: [[🔰 Particles (2)#From, since]] (from).
@@ -130,13 +139,13 @@ This indicates a time limit for the action, similar to "by".
 <div class="">
 	<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
 </div>
-	<p class="r">+ ぶりに～する</p>
+	<p class="r">+ ぶりに~する</p>
 </div>
 <div class="usage">
 <div class="">
 	<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
 </div>
-	<p class="r">+ ぶり + の + </p>
+	<p class="r">+ ぶり + の</p>
 <div class="">
 	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
 </div>
@@ -149,22 +158,13 @@ Used with nouns measuring time.
 > ３{年|ねん}==ぶりに==ブラジルを{戻|もど}ります。
 > For the first time in 3 years, I'm returning to Brazil.
 
-## に先立ち
+## から〜にかけて
 
-<div class="usage">
+Means "through", "from... until". Indicates that something happens over a period of time.
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ に先立ち・に先立って</p>
-</div>
 
-に{先|さき}{立|だ}ち means "before", "prior to". It is formal.
+> [!info] Example
-Also used as に先立つ when a second noun follows a first one.
+> {朝|あさ}==から=={夜|よる}==にかかて==ゲームしたい。
-
+> I want to play games from morning to night.
-> [!info] Examples
-> {初|はじ}める==に先立って==、{準備|じゅんび}しないといけない。
-> Before starting, you need to prepare.
 
 ## 上で
 
@@ -181,61 +181,3 @@ Also used as に先立つ when a second noun follows a first one.
 > [!info] Examples
 > {面接|めんせつ}の==上で==、{連絡|れんらく}します。
 > We will contact you after the interview.
-
-## にあたって
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ にあたって</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "at the time of", "on the occasion of". It is formal. Used when talking about the preparation.
-Can also be used as にあたり.
-Used with verbs and nouns.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {試験|しけん}を{受|う}ける==にあたって==、{鉛筆|えんぴつ}と{消|け}しゴムを{持|も}ってきてください。
-> Please bring a pencil and an eraser in preparation for the test.
-
-## に際して
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ に際して</p>
-</div>
-
-に{際|さい}して means "at the time of", "on the occasion of". It is formal. Used when talking about the moment of the situation.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {試験|しけん}を{受|う}ける==に際して==、{静|しず}かにしてください。
-> During the test, please be quiet.
-
-## とっくに
-
-Means "long ago", "a long time ago".
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼女|かのじょ}は==とっくに=={帰|かえ}ってしまった。
-> She went home long ago.
-
-## やがて
-
-Means "before long", "eventually".
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> ==やがて==この{新|あたら}しいゲームは{売|う}り{出|だ}すはずです。
-> This new game should be put on sale soon.
-
-## ところだった
-
-Means "almost", "about to", "almost happened". Used with a dictionary form verb (る) by adding ところだった.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {車|くるま}の{事故|じこ}が{起|お}こる==ところだった==。{無事|ぶじ}よかった。
-> A car accident almost happened. Thankfully we're safe.

🔰 Grammar/Towards.md

@@ -1,69 +1,60 @@
-# Towards
+# Towards
-
+
-## 向け
+## 向け
-
+
-{向|む}け means "intended for", "aimed at".
+{向|む}け means "intended for", "aimed at".
-Used with nouns.
+Used with nouns.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> この本は{子供|こども}==向け==です。
+> この本は{子供|こども}==向け==です。
-> The book is for children.
+> The book is for children.
-
+
-## 向き
+## 向き
-
+
-{向|む}き means "suitable for". Close to 向け, but intended doesn't exactly means suitable.
+{向|む}き means "suitable for". Close to 向け, but intended doesn't exactly means suitable.
-Also means "facing".
+Also means "facing".
-Used with nouns.
+Used with nouns.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> この{建物|たてもの}は{南|みなみ}==向き==です。
+> この{建物|たてもの}は{南|みなみ}==向き==です。
-> This building is facing south.
+> This building is facing south.
-
+
-## に向かって・に向けて
+## を中心に
-
+
-に{向|む}かって means "to face", "towards".
+を{中心|ちゅう|しん}に means "mainly", "focused on".
-
+Used with nouns.
-> [!info] Example
+
-> {今|いま}{名古屋|なごや}==に向かっています==。
+> [!info] Example
-> I'm heading towards Nagoya now.
+> ポケモンはポケモン==を中心にする==ゲームです。
-
+> Pokémon is a game centered around on Pokémon battles.
-## を中心に
+> 
-
+> この{授業|じゅぎょう}は{漢字|かんじ}==を中心に=={習|なら}います。
-を{中心|ちゅう|しん}に means "mainly", "focused on".
+
-Used with nouns.
+## に対して
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+### Towards
-> ポケモンはポケモン==を中心にする==ゲームです。
+
-> Pokémon is a game centered around on Pokémon battles.
+The first meaning of に{対|たい}して is "towards", "regarding". Focuses on action, attitude, feelings, etc.
-> 
+Used with a noun.
-> この{授業|じゅぎょう}は{漢字|かんじ}==を中心に=={習|なら}います。
+
-> This class focuses on learning kanjis.
+> [!info] Example
-
+> {彼|かれ}は{子供|こども}==に対して=={優|やさ}しいです。
-## に対して
+> He is kind towards children.
-
+
-### Towards
+### In contrast to
-
+
-The first meaning of に{対|たい}して is "towards", "regarding". Focuses on action, attitude, feelings, etc.
+<div class="usage">
-Used with a noun.
+<div class="left">
-
+	<p><span class="box">V + の</span></p>
-> [!info] Example
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-> {彼|かれ}は{子供|こども}==に対して=={優|やさ}しいです。
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な + の</span></p>
-> He is kind towards children.
+	<p><span class="box">N + な + の</span></p>
-
+</div>
-### In contrast to
+	<p class="right">+ に対して</p>
-
+</div>
-<div class="usage">
+
-<div class="left">
+The second meaning is "in contrast to".
-	<p><span class="box">V + の</span></p>
+
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+> [!info] Example
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + (な + の)</span></p>
+> {弟|おとうと}は{漢字|かんじ}を{読|よ}むこと==に対して==、{私|わたし}が{読|よ}みません。
-	<p><span class="box">N + な + の</span></p>
+> My little brother can read kanji, whereas I can't.
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ に対して</p>
-</div>
-
-The second meaning is "in contrast to".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {弟|おとうと}は{漢字|かんじ}を{読|よ}むこと==に対して==、{私|わたし}が{読|よ}みません。
-> My little brother can read kanji, whereas I can't.

🔰 Grammar/Transformation.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ V+こと => 食べること. The verbs are never conjugated.
 > {音楽|おん|がく}を聞く==こと==が好きです。
 > I like to listen to music (listening to music is something I like).
 
-## ～さ: adjective as noun
+## ~さ: adjective as noun
 
 <div class="usage">
 <div class="left">
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ This allows to transform an adjective into a noun (adjective nominalizer). Used
 > やさし==さ==。
 > Kindness.
 
-## ～み: adjective as noun
+## ~み: adjective as noun
 
 <div class="usage">
 <div class="left">
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Also means "the reason for A is B", "doing A is B".
 > このレストランで{一番|いち|ばん}{人気|にん|き}がある==のは=={寿司|すし}です。
 > The most popular dish in the restaurant is sushi.
 
-## くする: い-adjective as adverb
+## くする: い-adjectives as adverbs
 
 Replacing the い in a い-Adj by くする transforms it into an adverb.
 大きい (big) => 大きくする (make big).
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Replacing the い in a い-Adj by くする transforms it into an adverb.
 > エアコンを{点|つ}けると{空気|くう|き}が{寒|さむ}==くなる==。
 > When turning on the AC, the air becomes cold.
 
-## にする: な-adjective as adverb
+## にする: な-adjectives as adverbs
 
 Appending にする to a な-Adj transforms it into an adverb.
 {静|しず}かな (quiet) => 静かにする (make quiet).
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Appending にする to a な-Adj transforms it into an adverb.
 > {部屋|へや}をきれい==にして==ください。
 > Please clean the room (make the room cleaner).
 
-## がる・がっている: adjective as verb
+## がる・がっている: adjectives as verbs
 
 See [[Observation - tendency - feelings#がる・がっている]].
 

🔰 Grammar/Without.md

@@ -1,86 +1,20 @@
-# Without
+# Without
-
+
-## ないで
+## ないで
-
+
-Means "without doing". Formed with a verb in the negative tense (ない).
+Means "without doing". Formed with a verb in the negative tense (ない).
-It is a bit more casual than ずに.
+It is a bit more casual than ずに.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {勉強|べんきょう}し==ないで=={卒業|そつぎょう}した。
+> {勉強|べんきょう}し==ないで=={卒業|そつぎょう}した。
-> I graduated without studying.
+> I graduated without studying.
-
+
-## ず(に)
+## ずに
-
+
-Means "without doing". Formed with a verb in the negative tense (ない) by removing the -ない stem and adding ず(に).
+Means "without doing". Formed with a verb in the negative tense (ない) by removing the -ない stem and adding ずに.
-する transforms to せずに.
+する transforms to せずに.
-It is a bit more formal than ないで. Used more often in written form than ないで.
+It is a bit more formal than ないで.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> 毎日食べ==ずに==出かける。
+> 毎日食べ==ずに==出かける。
-> Everyday, I go out without eating.
+> Everyday, I go out without eating.
-
-## ずに済む・なくて済む
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V-<strike>ない</strike></span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ ずに済む</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V-ない</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ なくて済む</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V-ない</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ で済む</p>
-</div>
-
-ずに{済|す}む and なくて{済|す}む mean "get by without doing". Used with a negative verb.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {天才|てんさい}ので、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}==せずに済んだ=={合格|ごうかく}できました。
-> He passed the exam without having to study, since he's a genius.
-
-## ことなく
-
-Means "without doing". Implies that it is regretful that it happened.
-Used with a verb (dictionary form).
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {私|わたし}が{作|つく}ったケーキを{食|た}べる==ことなく=={友達|ともだち}は{帰|かえ}ってしまた。
-> My friend went home without eating the cake I made.
-
-## 抜きで・抜きにして
-
-{抜|ぬ}きにして・{抜|ぬ}きで means "without".
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {彼女|かのじょ}==抜きで==何もできない。
-> I can't do anything without her.
-
-## もかまわず
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ も構わず</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ も構わず</p>
-</div>
-
-も{構|かま}わず means "without worrying about".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {未来|みらい}==も構わず==、{全然|ぜんぜん}{勉強|べんきょう}した。
-> Without worrying about the future, I didn't studied at all.

🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (1).md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ When a sentence is negative, は is usually used instead of が and を.
 > 肉==は==食べません。
 > I don't eat meat.
 
-When used with a noun that is a number or an amount, it takes the meaning of "at least" or "around". Can be mixed with [[Amounts#くらい・ぐらい]].
+When used with a noun that is a number or an amount, it takes the meaning of "at least" or "around". Can be mixed with [[Amount#くらい]].
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {毎週|まいしゅう}２{回|かい}==は=={映画館|えいがかん}に行きます。
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ It is also used for making a contrast.
 In a noun modifying clause, は becomes が.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {彼|かれ}はラメんを{作|つく}った。
+> {彼|かれ}はラメんを{作|つく}。
 > He made ramen.
 > 
 > {彼|かれ}==が=={作|つく}ったラメんはおいしいです。
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ The first sentence would most likely be the answer to "where are you from?", whi
 This particle is used for the target of the action of a verb.
 
 > [!info] Examples
-> ケーキ==を=={作|つく}る。
+> ケーキ==を==作る。
 > I prepare a cake.
 
 ## に

🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (2).md

@@ -1,124 +1,86 @@
-# Particles (2)
+# Particles (2)
-
+
-## から
+## から
-
+
-### Because
+### Because
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ から</p>
+	<p class="right">+ から</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-The first meaning of から is "because".
+The first meaning of から is "because".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {疲|つか}れる==から==今ベットに行きます。
+> {疲|つか}れる==から==今ベットに行きます。
-> I'm going to bed now because I am tired.
+> I'm going to bed now because I am tired.
-
+
-### From, since
+### From, since
-
+
-The second meaning expresses that something comes from someone/something, or the start time/location. Used by only adding から.
+The second meaning expresses that something comes from someone/something, or the start time/location. Used by only adding から.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> お{祖母|ばあ}さん==から==もらった。
+> お{祖母|ばあ}さん==から==もらった。
-> I got it from my grandmother.
+> I got it from my grandmother.
-> 
+> 
-> ここで{子供|こども}の時==から=={家族|かぞく}と{住|す}んでいます。
+> ここで{子供|こども}の時==から=={家族|かぞく}と{住|す}んでいます。
-> I have lived here with my family since I'm a kid.
+> I have lived here with my family since I'm a kid.
-
+
-## まで
+## まで
-
+
-Means "until" or "to".
+Means "until" or "to".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {駅|えき}==まで==どのくらいですか。
+> {駅|えき}==まで==どのくらいですか。
-> How far is it to the station?
+> How far is it to the station?
-
+
-## から～まで
+## から～まで
-
+
-These two particles are frequently used together. It means "from X to Y".
+These two particles are frequently used together. It means "from X to Y".
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {朝|あさ}に６時==から==７時==まで=={電車|でんしゃ}で{通|かよ}うっています。
+> {朝|あさ}に６時==から==７時==まで==電車で{通|かよ}うっています。
-> I commute by train from 6am to 7am.
+> I commute by train from 6am to 7am.
-
+
-## っけ
+## っけ
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
+<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> かった</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> かった</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ・だった</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ・だった</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + だ・だった</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + だ・だった</span></p>
-</div>
+</div>
-	<p class="right">+ っけ</p>
+	<p class="right">+ っけ</p>
-</div>
+</div>
-
+
-Used when the speaker tries to remember, or confirm an information, that has been forgotten.
+Used when the speaker tries to remember, or confirm an information, that has been forgotten.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {会議|かいぎ}は今日だった==っけ==。
+> {会議|かいぎ}は今日だった==っけ==。
-> Was the meeting today?
+> Was the meeting today?
-
+
-## こそ
+### こそ
-
+
-Means "for sure". Used to emphasize words.
+Means "for sure". Used to emphasize words.
-Used with nouns.
+Used with nouns.
-
+
-⚠ Replaces the を and が particle. It is, in a certain way, a stronger way than が to highlight information.
+⚠ Replaces the を and が particle. It is, in a certain way, a stronger way than が to highlight information.
-
+
-> [!info] Example
+> [!info] Example
-> {今年|ことし}==こそ=={日本|にほん}に{住|す}む。
+> {今年|ことし}==こそ=={日本|にほん}を{住|す}む。
-> This year, for sure I'll live in Japan.
+> This year, for sure I'll live in Japan.
-
+
-## さえ
+## Sentence ending
-
+
-<div class="usage">
+At the end of a sentence, some particles can be added to put emphasis on a meaning.
-<div class="left">
+
-	<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
+* ==なあ== express hope, admiration or uncertainty. Can also be used to ask for confirmation ("right?").
-	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></p>
+* ==ね== seeks confirmation.
-	<p><span class="box">N + で</span></p>
+* ==よ== when informing someone about something.
-	<p><span class="box">N + </span></p>
+* ==わ== is informal women's speech.
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ さえ</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "even", "not even" (with negative verbs).
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {先生|せんせい}で==さえ==、この{曲|きょく}を{弾|ひ}くことは{難|むずか}しいです。
-> Even for my teacher, this composition is difficult to play.
-
-⚠ With conditional verbs, it means "only". See [[State#さえ～ば]].
-
-## にて
-
-This particle is a formal version of [[🔰 Particles (1)#で]], and is used the same way.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {電話|でんわ}==にて=={連絡|れんらく}ください。
-> Please contact us by phone.
-
-## より
-
-It is a more formal form of から ([[#From, since]]).
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 明日==より=={毎日|まいにち}{運動|うんどう}するつもりです。
-> Starting tomorrow, I'm going to exercise every day.
-
-Do not confuse with [[Comparison#より]].
-
-## Sentence ending
-
-At the end of a sentence, some particles can be added to put emphasis on a meaning.
-
-* ==なあ== express hope, admiration or uncertainty. Can also be used to ask for confirmation ("right?").
-* ==ね== seeks confirmation.
-* ==よ== when informing someone about something.
-* ==わ== is informal women's speech.