Update Opposition - but - however.md

Conjugation/Conditional.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 	<p class="right">+ と</p>
 </div>
 
-Means "if" when a result is known or assumed to be true, aka a logical cause-effect relationship. Cannot be used if the result is uncertain. So it cannot be an intention, a request, a desire, an order, etc.
+Means "if", "whenever". Used when a result is known or assumed to be true, aka a logical cause-effect relationship. Cannot be used if the result is uncertain. So it cannot be an intention, a request, a desire, an order, etc.
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {急|いそ}いでない==と==、{遅刻|ちこく}に{着|つ}きます。
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ Means "if" when a result is known or assumed to be true, aka a logical cause-eff
 </div>
 
 Means "in the case that/of". The second part of the sentence is generally an opinion, a request or a suggestion.
-Adding の adds emphasis.
+Adding の adds emphasis. ならば can be used in more formal contexts.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> 車を使う==なら==、気を{付|つ}けて。
+> {車|くるま}を{使|つか}う==なら==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けて。
 > If you're using a car, be careful.
 
 ## たら
@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ Adding の adds emphasis.
 	<p class="right">+ ら</p>
 </div>
 
-Means "if" or "when". Describes a condition (the first action must be completed before the second action). Usually used for hypothetical situations. It is the main word used for conditional.
+Means "if" or "when". Describes a condition (the first action must be completed before the second action). Used for hypothetical situations and certain results. It is the main word used for conditional.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> 安==かったら==、買う。
+> {安|やす}==かったら==、{買|か}う。
 > (If / When) it's cheap, I'll buy it.
 
 ## 場合
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ Negative form:
 See Conjugation [[Basics]] for verbs (the う sound transforms the the corresponding え sound).
 
 Means "if". A conditional relationship without the cause-effect relationship of と.
+If A happens, then B. Situations must be hypothetical. Generally used for one-time results.
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > 雨が止==めれば==、店に行く。
@@ -169,12 +170,11 @@ Means "the more... the more". Used by repeating the same verb.
 
 ## Summing up
 
-🛠 Todo: complete this.
 * ==と== has a logical cause-effect relationship. Certain result.
 * ==なら== usually used for opinion, request, suggestion.
 * ==V-たら== describes a condition to be met for the result. Usually used for hypothetical situation.
 * ==場合== explains what to do in a described situation. More formal than V-たら.
-* ==V-ば== is a conditional relationship, close to V-たら.
+* ==V-ば== is a conditional relationship, close to V-たら. Used for hypothetical situations, generally for for one-time results.
 
 ## とすれば・としたら・とすると
 
@@ -195,3 +195,12 @@ Means "if we assume that A, B".
 > [!info] Example
 > {電車|でんしゃ}で行く==とすると==、２０{分|っぷん}かかるです。
 > If you were to go by train, it would take 20 minutes.
+
+## もし(も)
+
+Used with conditional forms ば, と, たら and ても (see [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]]).
+もしも puts more emphasis than もし.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==もし==ペットが{病気|びょうき}になったら、{動物|どうぶつ}{病院|びょういん}に行かなきゃ。
+> If you pet gets sick, you have to bring it to the veterinarian clinic.

index.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The goal of this website is to be a synthesis of useful resources for my Japanes
 
 ## Sources
 
-Of course, since I'm _learning_ the language, I need to borrow what I write from different sources. So this website uses data from the websites listed here. I don't want any recognition of what is here! It's mostly a compilation of what people who are way better in this language have made before.
+Of course, since I'm _learning_ the language, I need to get inspired from different sources. So this website partly uses information from the websites listed here. I don't want any recognition of what is here! It's mostly a compilation of what people who are way better in this language have made before.
 
 * [Bunpro](https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points)
 * [JLPT Sensei](https://jlptsensei.com/#jlpt-grammar-lists)
@@ -46,8 +46,7 @@ In addition to those I cited, here are other resources I find useful.
 
 * [Jisho](https://jisho.org/), an online dictionary
 * [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org), for its sentences database
-* [Tangorin](https://tangorin.com/sentences), for its sentences database
 
 ## Any errors?
 
-If you find any error, please do contact me! You can find my website in the footer of any page of this website. Thanks!
+If you find any error, please do contact me! I wrote the examples by myself, so they might not be accurate. You can find my website in the footer of any page of this website. Thanks!

🔰 Grammar/Adverbs.md

@@ -68,14 +68,6 @@ Means "as if".
 > え、{中古|ちゅうこ}ですね。==まるで=={新規|しんき}の==よう==です。
 > Eh, it's second-hand? It looks like new.
 
-## むしろ
-
-Means "instead" or "rather".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ==むしろ=={自転車|じてんしゃ}で行こうと思います。
-> I think I'd rather go by bike.
-
 ## もう
 
 Means "already".

🔰 Grammar/Amounts - frequency.md

@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@
 
 ## Never
 
-🛠
-ぜんぜん?
-{絶対|ぜったい}に?
-
 ### 決して～ない
 
 <div class="usage">
@@ -18,23 +14,15 @@
 </div>
 </div>
 
-{決|け}して~ない means "never".
+{決|け}して~ない means "never". Used with negative verbs.
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > 私は==決して=={夢|ゆめ}を{覚|おぼ}えません。
 > I never remember my dreams.
 
-### とても～ない
-
-Means "cannot". This form implies a strong impossibility. Used with negative verbs, often in potential form.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {苦|にが}い{食|たべ}べ{物|もの}は==とても==食べられ==ない==。
-> I cannot eat bitter food.
-
 ## Rarely
 
-### めったに～ない (5%)
+### めったに～ない
 
 <div class="usage">
 	<p class="r">めったに + </p>
@@ -49,16 +37,22 @@ Means "cannot". This form implies a strong impossibility. Used with negative ver
 	<p class="r">+ めったに</p>
 </div>
 
-Means "hardly", "rarely".
+Means "hardly", "rarely". Used with negative verbs.
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > {車|くるま}は==めったに=={運転|うんてん}し==ません==。
 > I rarely drive a car.
 
-### あまり (30%)
+### あまり
 
-🛠
-negative.
+Means "rarely".
+Used with negative verbs.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {最近|さいきん}{絵|え}を==あまり=={書|か}けない。
+> I haven't been able to draw much lately.
+
+## Unlikely
 
 ### そうもない・そうにない
 
@@ -71,24 +65,57 @@ Made by removing ます from a verb and adding そうもない・そうにない
 
 ## Sometimes
 
+### たまに
+
+Means "occasionally", "once in a while".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {彼女|かのじょ}は{抹茶|まっちゃ}を==たまに=={飲|の}む。
+> She occasionally drinks matcha.
+
 ### 時々
 
-🛠
-ときどき
-たまに
+{時々|ときどき} means "sometimes".
 
-## Usually
-
-🛠
-づつう
-ふだん
+> [!info] Examples
+> ==時々=={遊園地|ゆうえんち}に{行|い}く。
+> I sometimes go to amusement parks.
 
 ## Often
 
-🛠
-よく
-しょっちゅう
-たびたび
+### 度々
+
+{度々|たびたび} means "often", "frequently".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {私|わたし}の{彼女|かのじょ}は==度々=={遅|おく}れてきます。
+> My girlfriend is often late.
+
+### よく
+
+Means "often".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {最近|さいきん}、{数学|すうがく}の{練習|れんしゅう}{問題|もんだい}を==よく==やっています。
+> I have been doing a lot of math exercises lately.
+
+## Always
+
+### いつも
+
+Means "always", "every time".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {夏|なつ}の{時|とき}==いつも==アイスクリームを食べます。
+> I always eat ice cream in the summer.
+
+### ずっと
+
+Means "always", "continuously".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {蛇|へび}が==ずっと=={好|す}きだった。
+> I've always loved snakes.
 
 ### たものだ
 
@@ -98,8 +125,3 @@ Used with a verb in the past tense (た) by adding ものだ.
 > [!info] Examples
 > {子供|こども}のころはいつも{森|もり}で{遊|あそ}==んだものだ==。
 > I always played in the woods when I was a kid.
-
-## Always
-
-🛠
-いつも

🔰 Grammar/Amounts - quantification.md

@@ -139,16 +139,40 @@ Means "as much as possible". なるべく is a bit softer than できるだけ.
 
 ### あまり
 
-🛠🛠🛠🛠
-so much… that
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ あまり</p>
+</div>
 
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%82%e3%81%be%e3%82%8a-amari-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%82%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A
+Means "so much... that".
+Adjectives nominalized can be used as nouns. See [[Transformation#~さ adjective as noun]] and [[Transformation#~み adjective as noun]].
+
+> [!info] Example
+> おいしさの==あまり==、このレストラン{毎日|まいにち}行きたい。
+> The food is so delicious that I want to eat in this restaurant every day.
 
 ### あまりにも
 
-🛠🛠🛠🛠
-too much; so much… that; excessively ~
+<div class="usage">
+	<p class="iright">あまりに(も) + </p>
+<div class="ileft">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
 
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%82%e3%81%be%e3%82%8a%e3%81%ab%e3%82%82-amari-ni-mo-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%82%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB
+<div class="usage">
+	<p class="r">あまりの + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+Means "so much... that". A version of あまり that can also be used with adjectives.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {先生|せんせい}が==あまりに=={厳|きび}しくて、{私|わたし}は{泣|な}き{始|はじ}めった。
+> The teacher was so strict that I started to cry.

🔰 Grammar/Can't help - doesn't matter.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Can't help; doesn't matter
+
+## Can't help
+
+### ずにはいられない
+
+Means "can't help but do something".
+Made with a verb in the negative form (ない) without the ない ending and adding ずにはいられない. 
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {悲|かな}しいのでアイスクリーム食べ==ずには入れれない==。
+> I'm sad so I can't help but eat ice cream.
+
+### てしょうがない・てしかたがない
+
+Means can't be helped".
+See [[Amounts - quantification#てしょうがない・てしかたがない]].
+
+## Doesn't matter
+
+### ても構わない
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くて</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + で</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + で</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ もかまわない・もかまいません</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "it doesn't matter if", "I don't mind".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ここで{座|すわ}==っても構いません==か。
+> Would it be okay if I sit here?
+> 
+> ==かまわない==よ。
+> I don't mind.

🔰 Grammar/Combination actions.md

@@ -114,20 +114,6 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
 > マラソンの{全部|ぜんぶ}を{走|はし}り==通した==。
 > He ran through the whole marathon.
 
-## ～込む
-🛠
-~{込|こ}む has 
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 
-
-to do something for a long time or to move something inside
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e8%be%bc%e3%82%80-%e3%81%93%e3%82%80-komu-meaning/
-https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/komu-compound-verbs/
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=31xnxSFUCiw
-https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/12b4dtj/%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%80_n3_grammar_what_even_is_this/
-
 ## ～直す
 
 ~{直|なお}す means to do something again.
@@ -143,3 +129,34 @@ https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/12b4dtj/%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%80_n3_gr
 > [!info] Example
 > この１３時間{飛行|ひこう}で{座|すわ}り==っぱなし==でした。
 > I sat the entire time on this 13 hours flight.
+
+## ～込む
+
+~{込|こ}む has multiple meanings depending on the verb. Sometimes it is idiomatic and so it cannot exactly be guessed. However, there are some broad categories.
+
+⚠ Depending on the context, verbs can fall into multiple categories!
+
+### Going into
+
+* If the verb describes a movement, adding 込む add the meaning of "into" (jumping => jumping into).
+* If the verb already has a notion of "into", it put emphasis into it. It could have a meaning like "completely into".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {海|うみ}に{飛|とび}び==込んだ==。
+> He jumped into the ocean.
+
+### Emphasis
+
+When the verb does not include physical movement, 込む can be used to put emphasis on certain verbs (deeply, a lot, etc).
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {猫|ねこ}が{眠|ねむ}り==込んでいます==。
+> The cat is fast asleep.
+
+### Repetition
+
+The last common meaning is for an action that is repeated until a point is reached. It can also be an action that is done for a long time.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {毎朝|まいあさ}5キロ{走|かし}り==込む==。
+> Every morning I go for a 5km run (emphasis on the fact that it is a long run).

🔰 Grammar/Connectors - in order to.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# In order to
+# Connectors: in order to
 
 ## のに
 

🔰 Grammar/Considering - for - as.md

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# Considering - for - as
+
+## としては
+
+🛠 Todo: nuance.
+
+Means "as", "in the role of". The と particle implies a result.
+More used for objective judgments.
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {厳|きび}しいのに{先生|せんせい}==としては==あまり{良|よ}くない。
+> Because he is strict, he's not a very good teacher.
+
+## にしては
+
+🛠 Todo: nuance.
+
+Means "considering", "for". The に particle implies a simultaneous existence.
+More used to give personal opinions.
+Used with verbs and nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 田中さんは{父|ちち}==にしては=={最低|さいてい}です。
+> As a father, Tanaka-san is the worst.
+
+## としても
+
+🛠 Todo: nuance.
+
+Means "assuming", "even if".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 私==としても==出来ます。
+> I can do it as well.
+
+## にしても
+
+🛠 Todo: nuance.
+
+Means "even if", "even though".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> それ==にしても==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けてくください。
+> Still, please be careful.
+
+## "As": Gradual change
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V + (の)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ につれて・にしたがって・と共に・に伴って</p>
+</div>
+
+The four following forms have the same meaning of a gradual change:
+* につれて
+* にしたがって
+* と{共|とも}に
+* に{伴|とも}って
+
+It means that when when the first part of the sentence changes, the second part changes gradually as well.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {年|とし}をとる==につれて=={髪|かみ}を{抜|ぬ}けます。
+> As we get older, we lose hair.
+
+This example works with all forms.
+
+## につれて and にしたがって
+
+In both forms, the change is natural, and is not an intentional change. When the verb expresses gradual change, both can be used.
+につれて is more common and more used for personal actions.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {冬|ふゆ}が{地|ちか}づく==にしたがって・につれて=={気温|きおん}が{下|さ}がってきた。
+> As winter approaches, the temperatures have lowered.
+
+## にしたがって
+
+This form also has the meaning of "in accordance to". It doesn't express change. It is possible to talk about intention.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {歯医者|はいしゃ}==にしたがって=={毎日|まいにち}２{回|かい}{歯|は}を{磨|みが}く。
+> I brush my teeth twice a day as recommended by my dentist.
+
+## に伴って
+
+に{伴|ともな}って also has the meaning of a an instantaneous change: when the first part changes, the second part also changes instantly. The first part is the reason of it changing.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> オリンピックがある==に伴って=={交通費|こうつうひ}がねあが{値上|ねあ}がりしてしまった。
+> As the Olympics are held, transportations cost have increased.
+
+## と共に
+
+と{共|とも}に has 3 other meanings.
+
+### Almost at the same time
+
+It is also used for two actions that happens at approximately the same time. The two actions do not have to be related. They also don't have to be specifically about change.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {鳥|とり}は{鳴|な}き{声|ごえ}をする==と共に=={風|かぜ}が{吹|ふ}く。
+> The bird sings and the wind blows.
+
+### Together with
+
+It can also mean "together with". It is much more formal than {一緒|いっしょ}に.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {妻|つま}==と共に=={新|あたら}しい{人生|じんせい}を{始|はじ}めります。
+> I am starting a new life with my wife.
+
+### As well as, also
+
+It can also mean "as well as", "also".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> パンはチーズ==と共に==フランスに{人気|にんき}{食料|しょくりょう}です。
+> Bread, along with cheese, is a popular food in France.

🔰 Grammar/Description.md

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Means "you could say".
 
 > [!info] Examples
 > サッカーは{彼|かれ}の{得意|とくい}です。ほとんどサッカーのプロ==と言ってもいい==。
+> Soccer is his strong point. You could almost say he's a pro.
 
 ## がする
 

🔰 Grammar/Instead.md

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 # Instead
 
+## むしろ
+
+Means "instead" or "rather".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==むしろ=={自転車|じてんしゃ}で行こうと思います。
+> I think I'd rather go by bike.
+
 ## 代わりに
 
 <div class="usage">

🔰 Grammar/Listing.md

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ Means "also", "as well". Means that both N1 and N2 are true (and should share a
 ⚠ Despite using conditional form, it is not conditional in meaning.
 
 > [!info] Examples
-> {母|はは}はポルトガル{語|ご}もできればスペイン{語|ご}も{話|はな}せる。
+> {母|はは}はポルトガル{語|ご}==も==できれ==ば==スペイン{語|ご}==も=={話|はな}せる。
 > My mother can speak Portuguese as well as Spanish.
 
 ### 上に

🔰 Grammar/Obligation - なければ・ないと.md

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Obligation: なければ・ないと
+
+## Must
+
+### なくちゃ・なきゃ
+
+Only used on casual spoken conversations.
+This form is used with the negative form of a verb (ない), and adding なくちゃ and optionally one of the following ending: だめ, いけない, いけません, ならない, なりません.
+
+なくちゃ is the shortened form of なくては.
+なきゃ is the shortened form of なければ.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {歯|は}を{磨|みが}か==なくちゃいけない==。
+> I must brush my teeth.
+
+### なくては「いけない・ならない」
+
+Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 今{遅|おそ}いね。{寝|ね}に行か==なくてはいけない==。
+> It's late now. I have to go to sleep.
+
+### なければ「いけない・ならない」
+
+Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {事務所|じむしょ}では{静|しず}かにし==なければならない==。
+> You have to be quiet in the office.
+
+### ないといけない
+
+Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
+In casual contexts, can be shortened as ないと.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 今日は{勉強|べんきょう}し==ないといけない==。
+> I have to study today.
+
+## Must not
+
+#### 「ちゃ・じゃ」「だめ・いけない・いけません」
+
+Only used on casual spoken conversations. いけません is a bit more formal.
+This form is used with a V-て, depending on the ending:
+* with て, ちゃ is used.
+* with で, じゃ is used.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> その{花|はな}を食べ==ちゃだめ==。
+> Don't eat those flowers.
+> 
+> {花瓶|か|びん}の水を{飲|の}ん==じゃいけない==。
+> Don't drink the water of the flower vase.
+
+### てはいけない
+
+Used in a more formal or written manner. Used with a V-て.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {鉄道|てつ|どう}に{歩|ある}い==てはいけません==。
+> Do not walk on the railroad.
+
+## Comparing いけない and ならない
+
+* ==いけない== is the standardly used form. It implies a subjective view, that it would be better to do something, to avoid negative consequences (eg: brushing one's teeth, eating well, etc).
+* ==ならない== is usually more formal or in written form. It implies a is more objective view, something that has to be done because there's no other way (eg: respecting the law, paying taxes, etc).
+
+## Comparing なくては, なければ and ないと
+
+なくては and なければ are generally interchangeable in speech. However:
+* ==なくては== is generally used when there is _no penalty_ for not complying.
+* ==なければ== is generally used when there _is a penalty_ for not complying.
+* ==ないと== is lighter and does not imply that there can or cannot be penalty. Its construction is based on the [[Conditional#と]] particle, and should be based on knowledge or experience.

🔰 Grammar/Obligation.md

@@ -26,17 +26,28 @@ Can be used as わけはいかない or わけにはいきません.
 > {本当|ほんとう}に飲み会に行く==わけにはいかない==よ。
 > There's really no way I can go to the afterwork.
 
-## ずにはいられない
+## なくてもいい
 
-Means "can't help but do something".
-Made with a verb in the negative form (ない) without the ない ending and adding ずにはいられない. 
+Means "don't have to". Used with a verb in the negative form (ない), appending なくてもいい.
+Can also be used as なくていい.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {悲|かな}しいのでアイスクリーム食べ==ずには入れれない==。
-> I'm sad so I can't help but eat ice cream.
+> 今日はレストランで{手伝|て|つ}わ==なくてもいい==。
+> You don't have to help out at the restaurant today (it's okay if you don't help at the restaurant today).
+
+## てからでないと
+
+Means "must first do". The second part becomes possible after the first one.
+Used with a verb in て form, with からでないと or からでないければ.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {払|はら}==ってからでないと=={入|はい}るができること。
+> You can enter only after paying.
 
 ## こと as "should do"
 
+### こと
+
 <div class="usage">
 <div class="left">
 	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
@@ -51,7 +62,16 @@ Means "should do". Mostly used to set rules.
 > ここに{車|くるま}を{止|と}めない==こと==です。
 > Don't park your car here.
 
-## ことはない
+### ことになっている
+
+This form is used to express rules or expectations.
+Used with dictionary (る) and negative (ない) form of verbs.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {指|ゆび}で食べない==ことになっている==。
+> You're not supposed to eat with your fingers.
+
+### ことはない
 
 This has two meanings:
 * it is not necessary to
@@ -63,57 +83,19 @@ Used with a verb in the dictionary form.
 > {走|はし}る==ことはない==。まだ{時間|じかん}がある。
 > There's no need to run. There's still time.
 
-## ことになっている
+## 必ず
 
-This form is used to express rules or expectations.
-Used with dictionary (る) and negative (ない) form of verbs.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {指|ゆび}で食べない==ことになっている==。
-> You're not supposed to eat with your fingers.
-
-## Must
-
-### なくちゃ・なきゃ
-
-Only used on casual spoken conversations.
-This form is used with the negative form of a verb (ない), and adding なくちゃ and optionally one of the following ending: だめ, いけない, いけません, ならない, なりません.
-
-なくちゃ is the shortened form of なくては.
-なきゃ is the shortened form of なければ.
+{必|かなら}ず means certainly, definitely. Expresses an obligation.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {歯|は}を{磨|みが}か==なくちゃいけない==。
-> I must brush my teeth.
+> 明日の{授業|じゅ|ぎょう}==必ず==来てください。
+> Please be sure to attend tomorrow's class.
 
-### なくては「いけない・ならない」
-
-Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 今{遅|おそ}いね。{寝|ね}に行か==なくてはいけない==。
-> It's late now. I have to go to sleep.
-
-### なければ「いけない・ならない」
-
-Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {事務所|じむしょ}では{静|しず}かにし==なければならない==。
-> You have to be quiet in the office.
-
-### ないといけない
-
-Also formed with the negative form of a verb.
-In casual contexts, can be shortened as ないと.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 今日は{勉強|べんきょう}し==ないといけない==。
-> I have to study today.
+## べき
 
 ### べきだ
 
-Means "should do", "must do".
+Means "should do", "must do". Compared to the [[Obligation - なければ・ないと]] forms and 必ず, it has a nuance of being less universally logical. It is defined by the speaker's own logic.
 Used with verbs.
 する can be used as するべき or すべき.
 
@@ -121,64 +103,6 @@ Used with verbs.
 > {来週|らいしゅう}{試験|しけん}があるので{勉強|べんきょう}す==べきです==。
 > There is an exam next week, so I should study.
 
-## てからでないと
-
-Means "must first do". The second part becomes possible after the first one.
-Used with a verb in て form, with からでないと or からでないければ.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {払|はら}==ってからでないと=={入|はい}るができること。
-> You can enter only after paying.
-
-
-🛠🛠🛠🛠
-Todo: new notions!
-
-### Comparing いけない and ならない
-
-* ==いけない== is the standardly used form. It implies a subjective view, that it would be better to do something, to avoid negative consequences (eg: brushing one's teeth, eating well, etc).
-* ==ならない== is usually more formal or in written form. It implies a is more objective view, something that has to be done because there's no other way (eg: respecting the law, paying taxes, etc).
-
-### Comparing なくては, なければ and ないと
-
-なくては and なければ are generally interchangeable in speech. However:
-* ==なくては== is generally used when there is _no penalty_ for not complying.
-* ==なければ== is generally used when there _is a penalty_ for not complying.
-* ==ないと== is lighter and does not imply that there can or cannot be penalty. Its construction is based on the [[Conditional#と]] particle, and should be based on knowledge or experience.
-
-## Must not
-
-#### 「ちゃ・じゃ」「だめ・いけない・いけません」
-
-Only used on casual spoken conversations. いけません is a bit more formal.
-This form is used with a V-て, depending on the ending:
-* with て, ちゃ is used.
-* with で, じゃ is used.
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> その{花|はな}を食べ==ちゃだめ==。
-> Don't eat those flowers.
-> 
-> {花瓶|か|びん}の水を{飲|の}ん==じゃいけない==。
-> Don't drink the water of the flower vase.
-
-### てはいけない
-
-Used in a more formal or written manner. Used with a V-て.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {鉄道|てつ|どう}に{歩|ある}い==てはいけません==。
-> Do not walk on the railroad.
-
-### なくてもいい
-
-Means "don't have to". Used with a verb in the negative form (ない), appending なくてもいい.
-Can also be used as なくていい.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 今日はレストランで{手伝|て|つ}わ==なくてもいい==。
-> You don't have to help out at the restaurant today (it's okay if you don't help at the restaurant today).
-
 ### べきではない・べきじゃない
 
 The contrary of べきだ is べきではない・べきじゃない.
@@ -187,45 +111,23 @@ The contrary of べきだ is べきではない・べきじゃない.
 > {泥|どろ}を食べる==べきではない==。
 > You should not eat mud.
 
-
-
-
-
-## ても構わない
+## はずだ・はずがない
 
 <div class="usage">
 <div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くて</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + で</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + で</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
 </div>
-	<p class="right">+ もかまわない・もかまいません</p>
+	<p class="right">+ はずだ ・ はずがない</p>
 </div>
 
-Means "it doesn't matter if", "I don't mind".
+はずだ means "it must/should be", while はずがない means "it cannot be". Has a nuance of being sure that it is something possible (or impossible).
 
-> [!info] Example
-> ここで{座|すわ}==っても構いません==か。
-> Would it be okay if I sit here?
+> [!info] Examples
+> {彼|かれ}は今日来る==はずだ==。
+> He should be coming today.
 > 
-> ==かまわない==よ。
-> I don't mind.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-# TODO
-
-## ないと
-
-
-
-
-
-must do; unless/if you don't ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84%e3%81%a8-naito-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8
+> そんあ==はずがありません==。
+> This cannot be true.

🔰 Grammar/Observation - hearsay.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Observation - Hearsay
+# Observation: hearsay
 
 ## んだって
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Can be used as ==ということだ== or ==とのことだ==. A more casual vers
 > {専門家|せん|もん|か}によると、{今年|ことし}の{夏|なつ}は{最高|さいこう}{暑|あつ}くなる==ということです==。
 > According to the experts, this summer will be the hottest ever.
 
-## Summing it up
+## Summing up
 
 * ==んだって== used for quotation, similar to って, when the information is new.
 * ==と聞いた== is used for something for something you heard from an identifiable speaker. Is mostly formal.

🔰 Grammar/Observation - looking like.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Observation - Looking like
+# Observation: looking like
 
 ## よう
 
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ This has the meaning of like, easy to, _-ish_. Makes a direct comparison with ce
 > 今日、{君|きみ}はちょっと{病気|びょうき}==気味==です。
 > You look a bit sick today.
 
-## Summing it up
+## Summing up
 
 * ==ようだ== is a formal way to say that it looks like, usually from direct observation. Used for logical assumptions.
 * ==そうだ== is used for things that are on the more subjective side.

🔰 Grammar/Observation - tendency - feelings.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Observation - Tendency & feelings
+# Observation: tendency & feelings
 
 ## がる・がっている
 

🔰 Grammar/Opposition - although.md

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# Opposition: although
+
+## に反して
+
+に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
+> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
+
+## 割に
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 割に</p>
+</div>
+
+{割|わり}に means "considering A, B", "although".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> このマンションは{古|ふる}い==割に=={高|たか}いです。
+> This apartment is expensive considering how old it is.
+
+## ことは～が
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ が</p>
+</div>
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ が</p>
+</div>
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ が</p>
+</div>
+
+⚠ It must be the same verb or adjective at both end!
+
+Means "although".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {勉強|べんきょう}する==ことは==する==が==、まだ{下手|へた}です。
+> Although I study everyday, I'm still bad at it.
+
+## といっても
+
+Means "although". Puts a nuance to the first statement describing that it is not as much as imagined, and adds a complimentary information.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {彼|かれ}は{医者|いしゃ}==といっても==、あまり{頭|あたま}が{良|よ}くない。
+> He may be a doctor, but he is not very smart.
+
+## に対して
+
+に{対|たい}して.
+See [[Towards#In contrast to]].

🔰 Grammar/Opposition - but - however.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Opposition: but, however
+
+## が
+
+Between two sentences, it has the meaning of "but".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> この{建物|たてもの}は大きいです==が==、トイレは{一|ひと}つだけあります。
+> This building is huge but has only one toilet.
+
+## でも
+
+This is the basic way to say "but".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> コンビニに行きました。==でも==、何も買わなかった。
+> I went to the convenience store. But I didn't buy anything.
+
+⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
+
+## しかし
+
+This is similar to でも, meaning "however", but usually more formal and most commonly found in written form.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {戦争|せん|そう}は{悪|わる}いこと。==しかし==、{人類|じん|るい}はいつも{戦|たたか}っています
+> War is bad. However, humanity is always fighting.
+
+## けど・けれども
+
+Means "but". Contrary to でも (which is more stand-alone), this links two clauses. The second clause can also be implicit and not said.
+けれども is more formal than けど. 
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {外|そと}は{暑|あつ}い==けど==行きたい。
+> It's hot outside but I'd still like to go.
+
+It can also be used to soften your assertion.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {明日|あした}に行きたい==けど==。
+> I'd like to go tomorrow... (but I don't want to cause any inconvenience).
+
+## 「ん・の」「だけど・ですけど」
+
+Means "but", "however". 
+の is more formal than ん, and ですけど is more formal than だけど.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {手伝|てつだ}いたい==んですけど=={暇|ひま}はない。
+> I'd like to help but I don't have time.
+
+## Summing up
+
+🛠 Todo.

🔰 Grammar/Opposition - even if.md

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-# Connectors: even if, even though
+# Opposition: even if, even though
+
+## て-form: even if
+
+See [[TeF (4) - even if]].
 
 ## のに
 
@@ -31,52 +35,6 @@ Means "despite", "even tough". Has a negative connotation.
 > {掃除|そうじ}すると言った==くせに==、まだ{汚|きたな}いよ。
 > You said you would clean it up, but it's still dirty.
 
-## として
-as; in the role of ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a8%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6-toshite-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6
-
-## にしては
-
-Means "considering". The nuance is that 
-Used with verbs and nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
->
-
-for; considering it’s (something or someone)
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%af-ni-shite-wa-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF
-
-## にしても
-
-Means "even if", "even though".
-🛠 nuance?
-
-> [!info] Example
-> それ==にしても==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けてくください。
-> Still, please be careful.
-
-## さえ (nouns)
-
-🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠
-Means "even".
-Can be emphasized by used でさえ, and reemphasized with でさえも.
-Used with a noun.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 
-
-## さえ (verbs)
-
-🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠
-even; so much as; not even
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%95%e3%81%88-sae-%e3%81%a7%e3%81%95%e3%81%88%e3%82%82-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%95%E3%81%88
-
 ## たとえ～ても
 
 <div class="usage">
@@ -108,7 +66,6 @@ Means "even if X is the case". Used to present possibilities.
 </div>
 
 Means "even if", "even though".
-🛠 nuance?
 
 > [!info] Example
 > {今|いま}で行==ったって==、{間|ま}に{合|あ}わない。
@@ -142,7 +99,20 @@ It is used to talk about an unexpected result, that is contradictory to the prec
 > {自転車|じてんしゃ}の{乗|の}り{方|かた}を{忘|わす}れるはありえないと{思|おも}っていた。==ところが==すっかり{忘|わす}れた。
 > I thought it was impossible to forget how to ride a bike. However, I completely forgot.
 
+## ながらも
+
+Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else.
+See also [[Time#ながら]].
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
+> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
+
+## 「と・に」しても
+
+See [[Considering - for - as#としても]].
+See [[Considering - for - as#にしても]].
+
 ## Summing up
 
-🛠 To do.
-See also [[TeF (4) - even if]].
+🛠 Todo.

🔰 Grammar/Opposition.md

@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-# Opposition
-
-## が
-
-Between two sentences, it has the meaning of "but".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> この{建物|たてもの}は大きいです==が==、トイレは{一|ひと}つだけあります。
-> This building is huge but has only one toilet.
-
-## でも
-
-This is the basic way to say "but".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> コンビニに行きました。==でも==、何も買わなかった。
-> I went to the convenience store. But I didn't buy anything.
-
-## しかし
-
-This is similar to でも, meaning "however", but usually more formal and most commonly found in written form.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {戦争|せん|そう}は{悪|わる}いこと。==しかし==、{人類|じん|るい}はいつも{戦|たたか}っています
-> War is bad. However, humanity is always fighting.
-
-## けど・けれども
-
-けれども is more formal than けど. Contrary to でも (which is more stand-alone), this links two clauses. The second clause can also be implicit and not said.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {外|そと}は{暑|あつ}い==けど==行きたい。
-> It's hot outside but I'd still like to go.
-
-It can also be used to soften your assertion.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {明日|あした}に行きたい==けど==。
-> I'd like to go tomorrow... (but I don't want to cause any inconvenience).
-
-## (ん・の)(だけど・ですけど)
-
-🛠 what is the nuance?
-
-but; however; although; regarding ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a0%e3%81%91%e3%81%a9-dakedo-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9-%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%8C
-
-## に反して
-
-に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
-> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
-
-## ながらも
-
-Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else.
-See also [[Time#ながら]].
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
-> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
-
-## 割に
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ 割に</p>
-</div>
-
-{割|わり}に means "considering A, B".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 
-
-considering ~; for ~; despite ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e5%89%b2%e3%81%ab-%e3%82%8f%e3%82%8a%e3%81%ab-wari-ni-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB
-
-
-🛠 check [[Connectors - even if]]
-lots of things are similar
-
-
-## ことは～が
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ が</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ が</p>
-</div>
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
-<div class="">
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="r">+ が</p>
-</div>
-⚠ It must be the same verb and adjective at both end!
-
-Means "although".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {勉強|べんきょう}する==ことは==する==が==、まだ{下手|へた}です。
-> Although I study everyday, I'm still bad at it.
-
-
-
-## に対して
-
-See [[Towards#In contrast to]].
-
-
-
-
-# TODO
-
-## といっても
-
-although I say; although one might say ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a8%e3%81%84%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6%e3%82%82-to-ittemo-meaning/

🔰 Grammar/Planning.md

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ This form is stronger than つもり. For a same sentence, the nuance could be a
 > 来年日本へ行く==予定==です。
 > I'm planning to go to Japan next year (I have my tickets).
 
-## Summing it up
+## Summing up
 
 * ==ようとおもう== expresses a thought about doing.
 * ==つもり== expresses an intention.

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - Obligation.md

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# Possibility - obligation
-
-## はずだ・はずがない
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ はずだ ・ はずがない</p>
-</div>
-
-はずだ means "it must/should be", while はずがない means "it cannot be".
-
-> [!info] Examples
-> {彼|かれ}は今日来る==はずだ==。
-> He should be coming today.
-> 
-> そんあ==はずがありません==。
-> This cannot be true.
-
-## 必ず
-
-{必|かなら}ず means certainly, definitely. Expresses an obligation.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 明日の{授業|じゅ|ぎょう}==必ず==来てください。
-> Please be sure to attend tomorrow's class.

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - expectation.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Possibility - expectation
+# Possibility: expectation
 
 ## きっと
 

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - impossibility.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Possibility: impossibility
+
+### とても～ない
+
+Means "cannot". This form implies a strong impossibility. Used with negative verbs, often in potential form.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {苦|にが}い{食|たべ}べ{物|もの}は==とても==食べられ==ない==。
+> I cannot eat bitter food.

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - no choice.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Possibility - No choice
+# Possibility: no choice
 
 ## しかない
 

🔰 Grammar/Possibility - wish.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Possibility - Wish
+# Possibility: wish
 
 ## ぜひ
 

🔰 Grammar/Possibility.md

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Used to list one or more possible options.
 > ジュース==でも==お茶==でも==飲もうか。
 > Shall we drink something like a juice or tea?
 
+⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
+
 ## か何か
 
 か{何|なに}か means "or something".
@@ -93,17 +95,3 @@ This is used to give a choice between a limited set of two options. It is casual
 > [!info] Example
 > 何が食べたい。ラーメン==それとも==カレーか。
 > What do you want to eat? Ramen or curry?
-
-
-
-
-# TODO
-
-## もしも～たら・なら・たなら
-
-🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠
-もしも〜たら
-if; in the case; supposing ~
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%82%82%e3%81%97%e3%82%82%e3%80%9c%e3%81%9f%e3%82%89-moshimo-tara-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%82%82%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%82%82%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82

🔰 Grammar/Question.md

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Means "I wonder", "should I?". かな is a neutral form, while かしら sounds
 
 > [!info] Example
 > この{帽子|ぼうし}を{被|かぶ}ろう==かな==。
+> Should I wear this hat?
 
 ## かい
 

🔰 Grammar/Reason.md

@@ -188,4 +188,4 @@ Means "this means", "known as", "because".
 > {毎日|まいにち}{料理|りょうり}を{作|つく}るからうまくになった==わけだ==。
 > I got good at cooking because I cook every day.
 
-See also [[わけがない]] (🛠 to add later).
+See also [[Certainty#わけがない]].

🔰 Grammar/Request.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Means "is it alright if?", "may I?".
 > ここに{座|すわ}==てもいい==ですか。
 > May I sit here?
 
-A more polite way is ても構いません　(🛠 put link later).
+A more polite way is [[Can't help - doesn't matter#ても構わない]].
 
 ## ないでください
 

🔰 Grammar/Talking about.md

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ Used with nouns. Is used in formal language.
 > [!info] Example
 > {冬|ふゆ}==において=={雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}る。
 > Snow falls in winter.
+> 
+> 荒川==において=={花火|はなび}。
+> Fireworks held on Arakawa River.
 
 ## について
 

🔰 Grammar/Time - during.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Time - During
+# Time: during
 
 ## 間
 

🔰 Grammar/Time - finally.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Time - finally
+# Time: finally
 
 ## やっと
 

🔰 Grammar/Time - recently.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Time - recently
+# Time: recently
 
 ## さっき
 

🔰 Grammar/Time - regularity.md

@@ -1,4 +1,20 @@
-# Time - Regularity
+# Time: regularity
+
+## たびに
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ たびに</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "whenever", "every time".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {犬|いぬ}を{見|み}る==たびに=={幸|しあわ}せになる。
+> Whenever I see a dog, I feel happy.
 
 ## おきに
 
@@ -26,25 +42,13 @@ Means "each", "every". Used for intervals.
 
 ## おきに vs ごとに
 
-🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠
-These two notions can feel similar, but they are slightly different:
-
-https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19619/why-in-this-example-sentence-theres-no-difference-between-%E3%81%94%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AB-and-%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AB
-https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57870/whats-the-difference-between-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%B3%E3%81%AB-%E3%81%94%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AB-and-%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AB
-https://imabi.org/whenever-%e6%af%8e%ef%bd%9e-%ef%bd%9e%e6%af%8e%e3%81%ab-%ef%bd%9e%e3%81%8a%e3%81%8d%e3%81%ab/
-
-## たびに
-
-<div class="usage">
-<div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
-	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
-</div>
-	<p class="right">+ たびに</p>
-</div>
-
-Means "whenever", "every time".
+The way the intervals are counted between these two grammar structure is different.
+* おきに refers to what is _inside_ the interval.
+* ごとに refers to the interval _per se_.
 
 > [!info] Example
-> {犬|いぬ}を{見|み}る==たびに=={幸|しあわ}せになる。
-> Whenever I see a dog, I feel happy.
+> １日==おきに== =２日==ごとに== = every other day = every second day
+> ●○●○●○●
+>
+> ２日==おきに== =３日==ごとに== (every three days = every third day)  
+> ●○○●○○●○○●

🔰 Grammar/Time - surprise.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Time - Surprise
+# Time: surprise
 
 ## 急に
 

🔰 Grammar/Towards.md

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Used with nouns.
 > Pokémon is a game centered around on Pokémon battles.
 > 
 > この{授業|じゅぎょう}は{漢字|かんじ}==を中心に=={習|なら}います。
+> This class focuses on learning kanjis.
 
 ## に対して
 

🔰 Grammar/Transformation.md

@@ -11,16 +11,16 @@ V+こと => 食べること. The verbs are never conjugated.
 
 ## ~さ: adjective as noun
 
-This allows to transform an adjective into a noun (adjective nominalizer).
-
 <div class="usage">
 <div class="left">
-	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
 	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
 </div>
 	<p class="right">+ さ</p>
 </div>
 
+This allows to transform an adjective into a noun (adjective nominalizer). Used to talk about the degree of the adjective. Generally objective.
+
 > [!info] Example
 > やさしい。
 > Kind.
@@ -28,6 +28,28 @@ This allows to transform an adjective into a noun (adjective nominalizer).
 > やさし==さ==。
 > Kindness.
 
+## ~み: adjective as noun
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ み</p>
+</div>
+
+This allows to transform an adjective into a noun (adjective nominalizer). Similar to さ, but it is used in specific contexts. Rather than a degree, it talks about a quality. Generally subjective. Can be used with less adjectives than さ.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 甘い。
+> Sweet.
+> 
+> 甘さ。
+> Amount of sweetness.
+> 
+> 甘==味==。
+> Quality of sweetness.
+
 ## ということ: phrase as noun
 
 This allows to transform a phrase into a noun.
@@ -68,7 +90,7 @@ Also means "the reason for A is B", "doing A is B".
 > このレストランで{一番|いち|ばん}{人気|にん|き}がある==のは=={寿司|すし}です。
 > The most popular dish in the restaurant is sushi.
 
-## くする: い-adjectives as adverbs
+## くする: い-adjective as adverb
 
 Replacing the い in a い-Adj by くする transforms it into an adverb.
 大きい (big) => 大きくする (make big).
@@ -77,7 +99,7 @@ Replacing the い in a い-Adj by くする transforms it into an adverb.
 > エアコンを{点|つ}けると{空気|くう|き}が{寒|さむ}==くなる==。
 > When turning on the AC, the air becomes cold.
 
-## にする: な-adjectives as adverbs
+## にする: な-adjective as adverb
 
 Appending にする to a な-Adj transforms it into an adverb.
 {静|しず}かな (quiet) => 静かにする (make quiet).
@@ -86,7 +108,7 @@ Appending にする to a な-Adj transforms it into an adverb.
 > {部屋|へや}をきれい==にして==ください。
 > Please clean the room (make the room cleaner).
 
-## がる・がっている: adjectives as verbs
+## がる・がっている: adjective as verb
 
 See [[Observation - tendency - feelings#がる・がっている]].
 

🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (2).md

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Used when the speaker tries to remember, or confirm an information, that has bee
 > {会議|かいぎ}は今日だった==っけ==。
 > Was the meeting today?
 
-### こそ
+## こそ
 
 Means "for sure". Used to emphasize words.
 Used with nouns.
@@ -76,6 +76,26 @@ Used with nouns.
 > {今年|ことし}==こそ=={日本|にほん}を{住|す}む。
 > This year, for sure I'll live in Japan.
 
+## さえ
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + で</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + </span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ さえ</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "even", "not even" (with negative verbs).
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {先生|せんせい}で==さえ==、この{曲|きょく}を{弾|ひ}くことは{難|むずか}しいです。
+> Even for my teacher, this composition is difficult to play.
+
+⚠ With conditional verbs, it means "only". See [[State#さえ～ば]].
+
 ## Sentence ending
 
 At the end of a sentence, some particles can be added to put emphasis on a meaning.