Second pass
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# Possibility
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## でも
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Used to list one or more possible options.
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> [!info] Example
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> ジュース==でも==お茶==でも==飲もうか。
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> Shall we drink something like a juice or tea?
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⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
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## か何か
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か{何|なに}か means "or something".
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Used with nouns.
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> [!info] Example
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> ジュース==か何か=={飲|の}もうか。
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> Shall we drink something like a juice?
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## かもしれない
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Express a possibility, like "perhaps".
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@ -37,6 +18,30 @@ Can be used as もしかしたら, もしかすると and もしかして.
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> ==もしかして=={今日|きょう}も{郵便局員|ゆうびんきょくいん}が来ません==かもしれない==。
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> Perhaps the postman will not come today either.
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## かねない (NEW!)
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (<strike>ます</strike>)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + に</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ かねない</p>
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</div>
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Means "possibly", "might", "could be". Usually used for negative outcomes. Mostly used in written language.
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> [!info] Example
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> この{道|みち}は{危|あぶ}ないので{事故|じこ}が{起|お}き==かねない==。
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> This road is dangerous, so an accident might happen.
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## 恐らく (NEW!)
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{恐|おそ}らく means "probably", "perhaps". Placed at the beginning of a phrase. Implies a high probability.
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> [!info] Example
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> ==恐らく=={彼女|かのじょ}は{今日|きょう}も{来|こ}ない。
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> She probably won't come today either.
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## ことができる
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Means "can", "able to".
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@ -47,20 +52,12 @@ It has the same meaning as the potential form (see Conjugation [[Basics]]).
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> {英語|えいご}を{話|はな}す==ことが出来ない==。
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> I cannot speak English.
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## かどうか
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Means "whether or not".
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> [!info] Example
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> 行きたい==かどうか=={分|わ}からない。
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> I'm not sure if I want to go or not.
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## ないことはない
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj <stroke>い</stroke> くない</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> くない</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + ではない</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + ではない</span></p>
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</div>
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@ -73,25 +70,131 @@ Means "not impossible to", "it is not that". Used with negative forms.
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> 本を{読|よ}ま==ないことはない==ですが、{最近|さいきん}は{暇|ひま}がない。
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> It's not that I don't read books, it's just that I don't have free time these days.
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## か
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## 恐れがある (NEW!)
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Means "or". Can be used when there is uncertainty between two or more choices.
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See [[Question#か]].
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (る・ない)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj </span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ 恐らくがある</p>
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</div>
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## 又は
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{又|また}は can be used for two things:
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* choosing between two options ("or")
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* listing two options ("both")
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{恐|おそ}れがある means "there is a risk that". Used when something bad could happen.
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> [!info] Example
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> 日本語==又は==英語でしゃべれます。
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> I can speak both Japanese and English.
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> また{地震|じしん}の==恐らくがある==。{気|き}を{付|つ}けて。
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> There will probably be another earthquake. Please be careful.
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## それとも
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## ようでは (NEW!)
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This is used to give a choice between a limited set of two options. It is casual.
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Means "if". Used when the result would be bad.
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Used with verbs.
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> [!info] Example
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> 何が食べたい。ラーメン==それとも==カレーか。
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> What do you want to eat? Ramen or curry?
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> {化|ば}け{物|もの}が{来|く}る==ようでは==、あなたを{食|た}べちゃうよ。
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> If a monster comes, it will eat you.
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## ものなら (NEW!)
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">V (potential れる)</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ ものなら</p>
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</div>
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Means "if A were possible, then B". Implies that A is either impossible or unlikely.
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> [!info] Example
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> {合格|ごうかく}できる==ものなら==、{世界中|せかいじゅう}{一番|いちばん}うれしいなあ。
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> If I could pass, I would be the happiest in the world (but it is unlikely I'll pass).
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## ないことには～ない (NEW!)
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj (ない)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + でない</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + である</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ ことには + </p>
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<p class="box">V (ない)</p>
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</div>
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Means "unless you do something".
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> [!info] Examples
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> {運転|うんてん}{免許|めんきょ}を{持|も}った==ないことには=={運転|うんてん}できない。
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> You can't drive unless you have a driving licence.
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## にしろ~にしろ (NEW!)
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ にしろ + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ にしろ</p>
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</div>
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ にしろ + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ にしろ</p>
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</div>
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ にしろ</p>
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</div>
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ にしろ</p>
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</div>
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Means "whether... or". Can be used as にせろ~にせろ or にしても~にしても, which is more formal.
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> [!info] Example
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> {動物|どうぶつ}==にしろ=={植物|しょくぶつ}==にしろ==、その{物質|ぶっしつ}は{危険|きけん}です。
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> Whether animals or plants, the substance is dangerous.
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## なくはない・なくもない (NEW!)
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (なく<strike>て</strike>)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj (く) + なく</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + では + なく</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + が・は・に + なく</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ はない・もない</p>
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</div>
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Means "it's not that".
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With potential form of verbs, means that something is possible, despite seeming not.
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> [!info] Examples
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> やる{気|き}==がなくはない==、{時間|じかん}は{少|すく}ないです。
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> It's not that I don't have the will, I just don't have time.
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