@@ -104,26 +113,3 @@ Means "to do all that one can".
> [!info] Example
> {試験|しけん}のため{勉強|べんきょう}する==だけは=={勉強|べんきょう}した。
> I studied as much as I could for the exam.
-
-## もかまわず (NEW!)
-
-TODO: perhaps in "without"?
-
-
-
-も{構|かま}わず means "without worrying about".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {未来|みらい}==も構わず==、{全然|ぜんぜん}{勉強|べんきょう}した。
-> Without worrying about the future, I didn't studied at all.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Natural - expected.md b/🔰 Grammar/Natural - expected.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2cd0b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Natural - expected.md
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# Natural, expected
+
+## 当然だ (NEW!)
+
+
+
+も{当然|とうぜん}だ means "it is only natural", "no wonder".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {彼女|かのじょ}に{負|ま}けた==のは当然だ==、プロだから。
+> It's no wonder I lost to her, she's a pro.
+
+## のももっともだ (NEW!)
+
+
+
+Means "no wonder", "is only natural".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {超自然的|ちょうしぜんてき}があるから、その{話|はなし}は{信|しん}じられない==のはもっともだ==。
+> There's supernatural elements, so it's only natural that this story is hard to believe.
+
+## ものだ (NEW!)
+
+
+
+Means "normally" or "should". Used to describe conventions, common sense, or what is expected in the current situation.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {毎日|まいにち}２{回|かい}{歯|は}を{磨|みが}く==ものだ==。
+> You're supposed to brush your teeth twice a day.
+
+## だけのことはある (NEW!)
+
+
+
+Means "as expected", "not surprising". Often used with [[Adverbs#さすが|さすが]] or やはり. Not used for negative outcomes.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {彼女|かのじょ}は{上手|じょうず}ですね。さすが{毎日|まいにち}{練習|れんしゅう}==だけのことはある==なあ。
+> She's very good. As expected from someone who trains everyday.
+
+## と考えられる (NEW!)
+
+と{考|かんが}えられる means "is thought to be", "can be considered as". Used to convey an objective or widely spread opinion, contrary to と思われる.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> タバコは{健康|けんこう}に{悪|わる}い==と考えられています==。
+> Tobacco is considered bad for one's health.
+
+## だけに (NEW!)
+
+
+
+Means "as one would expect", "it's only natural that".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {都市|とし}は{人口|じんこ}が{多|おお}い==だけに==、{地下鉄|ちかてつ}がある。
+> The city is so populous, so as one might expect, it has a subway.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Obligation - なければ・ないと.md b/🔰 Grammar/Obligation - なければ・ないと.md
index 8b62f4e..8315b21 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Obligation - なければ・ないと.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Obligation - なければ・ないと.md
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ This form is used with a V-て, depending on the ending:
### てはいけない
Used in a more formal or written manner. Used with a V-て.
+てはならない is a stronger form.
> [!info] Example
> {鉄道|てつ|どう}に{歩|ある}い==てはいけません==。
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Obligation.md b/🔰 Grammar/Obligation.md
index 3dc20eb..e2adfd4 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Obligation.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Obligation.md
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Used with a verb in て form, with からでないと or からでないけれ
Means "not only A but also B".
+Can also be used as ばかりか, for a slightly stronger effect.
> [!info] Examples
> 彼女は{綺麗|きれい}==ばかりでなく=={天才|てんさい}もあるです。
@@ -121,6 +122,14 @@ Used with nouns.
> この{店|みせ}は{平日|へいじつ}==に限らず==、{週末|しゅうまつ}も{営業|えいぎょう}している。
> This store is open not only on weekdays but also on weekends.
+## のみならず (NEW!)
+
+Means "not only, but also".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {彼|かれ}は{優|やさ}しくない{人|ひと}==のみならず==、{口|くち}も{悪|わる}い。
+> Not only is he not kind, but he's also bad mouthed.
+
## てばかりいる
Means "only", "nothing but".
@@ -130,12 +139,8 @@ Used with a verb in て form.
> {僕|ぼく}の{犬|いぬ}は{鳴|な}け==てばかりいる==。
> My dog is always barking.
-# TODO
-
## でしかない (NEW!)
-TODO ask nuance
-
Means "nothing but" or "no more than". More often than not conveys a negative nuance.
Used with nouns.
@@ -143,15 +148,10 @@ Used with nouns.
> {彼|かれ}は{子供|こども}==でしかない==。
> He nothing more than a child.
-## に過ぎない (ni suginai)
+## に過ぎない (NEW!)
-TODO ask nuance
-TODO all
+に{過|す}ぎない means "just", "no more than". Used for something that is not of great quality, quantity or level.
-でしかない similar (check in the handbook)
-
-Meaning: no more than; just; merely; only ~. This is used to emphasize that something is of a lower quality / quantity / level.
-Category: amount?
-
-https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e9%81%8e%e3%81%8e%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84-ni-suginai-meaning/
-https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84
+> [!info] Examples
+> 彼女はただ{初心者|しょしんしゃ}==に過ぎない==。
+> She's just a beginner.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Opposition - although.md b/🔰 Grammar/Opposition - although.md
index 9bf6cf5..0dea4a4 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Opposition - although.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Opposition - although.md
@@ -1,13 +1,5 @@
# Opposition: although
-## に反して
-
-に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
-> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
-
## 割に
@@ -75,7 +67,36 @@ Means "although". Puts a nuance to the first statement describing that it is not
> {彼|かれ}は{医者|いしゃ}==といっても==、あまり{頭|あたま}が{良|よ}くない。
> He may be a doctor, but he is not very smart.
-## に対して
+## にも関わらず (NEW!)
-に{対|たい}して.
-See [[Towards#In contrast to]].
\ No newline at end of file
+にも{関|かか}わらず means "regardless", "despite".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {危険|きけん}==にもかかわらず==、{彼|かれ}はまだそれをやった。
+> Despite the danger, he still did it.
+
+## ものの (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + な
+
N + である
+
+
+ ものの
+
+
+Means "although", "even though". It is formal. Similar to のに. The first part is positive, and the second one is negative.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {今日|きょう}は{晴|は}れた==ものの==とても{寒|さむ}い。
+> It is sunny today, but very cold.
+
+## もっとも (NEW!)
+
+Means "although", "but". Connects two phrases. Used in literature.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 帰国するつもりです。==もっとも==時間がある場合だけど。
+> I plan to return to my country. But only if I had the time...
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Opposition - but - however.md b/🔰 Grammar/Opposition - but - however.md
index 1da371f..f806b5d 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Opposition - but - however.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Opposition - but - however.md
@@ -49,7 +49,3 @@ Means "but", "however".
> [!info] Example
> {手伝|てつだ}いたい==んですけど=={暇|ひま}はない。
> I'd like to help but I don't have time.
-
-## Summing up
-
-🛠 Todo.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Opposition - even if.md b/🔰 Grammar/Opposition - even if.md
index 4e5cfa3..3dbe14a 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Opposition - even if.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Opposition - even if.md
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Means "but still", "even so", "anyway".
Means "although", "even tough". Cannot be an hypothesis, must be a confirmed fact. This, it works with past tense.
See [[Connectors#のに#Even tough]].
-## くせに
+## くせに・くせして
@@ -49,10 +49,11 @@ See [[Connectors#のに#Even tough]].
な-Adj + な
N + の
-
+ くせに
+
+ くせに・くせして
Means "despite", "even tough". Has a negative connotation when a situation is not what was expected. Regularly used to talk about characteristics. Like のに, cannot be an hypothesis.
+くせして is more familiar than くせに.
> [!info] Example
> {掃除|そうじ}すると言った==くせに==、まだ{汚|きたな}いよ。
@@ -124,3 +125,73 @@ It is used to talk about an unexpected result, that is contradictory to the prec
> [!info] Example
> {自転車|じてんしゃ}の{乗|の}り{方|かた}を{忘|わす}れるはありえないと{思|おも}っていた。==ところが==すっかり{忘|わす}れた。
> I thought it was impossible to forget how to ride a bike. However, I completely forgot.
+
+## からと言って (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + だ
+
N + だ
+
+
+ からといって
+
+
+からと{言|い}って means "just because", "even if".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {年上|としうえ}だ==からといって=={正|ただ}しいとは{限|かぎ}りません。
+> Just because you're older doesn't mean you're right.
+
+## ことにはならない (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V + (という)
+
い-Adj + という
+
な-Adj + だという
+
+
+ ことにはならない
+
+
+Means "just because... doesn't mean that". Used at the end of a sentence.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {卒業|そつぎょう}だからといって今すぐ{就職|しゅうしょく}できます==ことにはならい==。
+> Just because you graduated doesn't mean you can get a job right away.
+
+## とも (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V (おう)
+
V (ない)く
+
い-Adj + い + く
+
+
+ とも
+
+
+Means "even if", "no matter". Similar to ても ([[TeF (4) - even if]]). Used in writing.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {辛|から}く==とも==、{全部|ぜんぶ}{食|た}べるつもりであった。
+> Even if it was spicy, I planned to eat it all.
+
+## にせよ・にしろ (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + な
+
N + (である)
+
+
+ にせよ・にしろ
+
+
+Means "even if", "no matter". にせよ is more common in written form and にしろ is more common orally.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {好|す}きじゃない==にしろ==、{野菜|やさい}を{食|た}べる{方|ほう}がいい。
+> Even if you don't like it, you should eat your vegetables.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Opposition.md b/🔰 Grammar/Opposition.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0e1061
--- /dev/null
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Opposition.md
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# Opposition
+
+## に反して
+
+に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
+> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
+
+## に対して
+
+に{対|たい}して.
+See [[Towards#In contrast to]].
+
+## 逆に (NEW!)
+
+{逆|ぎゃく}に means "on the contrary". Means that it is the opposite of something else.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {人|ひと}が{大体|だいたい}ウサギが{好|す}き==逆に=={彼|かれ}は{嫌|きら}い。
+> Most people like rabbits, but on the contrary he hates them.
+
+## かえって (NEW!)
+
+Means "on the contrary", "rather". Used for bad results, contrary to what was expected.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {薬|くすり}を{飲|の}んだら==却って=={調子|ちょうし}が{悪|わる}くなった。
+> Despite drinking medicine, on the contrary my condition got worse.
+
+## 反面 (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + な・である
+
N + である
+
+
+ 反面
+
+
+{反面|はんめん} means "on the other hand", "however". Has the same meaning as かえって.
+Also used between two phrases as その反面.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> スープはおいしい==反面==、ちょっと{冷|つめ}たい。
+> The soup is good but a bit cold.
+
+## 一方で (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + である
+
N + である
+
+
+ 一方(で)
+
+
+{一方|いっぽう}で means "on the other hand", "on another note".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> その{犬|いぬ}は{大|おお}きい==一方で==、とても{穏|おだ}やかと{親切|しんせつ}です。
+> The dog is big, but on the other hand he is very calm and kind.
+
+## に関わらず (NEW!)
+
+に{関|かか}わらず means "regardless", "no matter".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ここは{年齢|ねんれい}==に関わらず==、{誰|だれ}でも{歓迎|かんげい}します。
+> Everyone is welcome here, regardless of age.
+
+## を問わず (NEW!)
+
+を{問|と}わず means "regardless of".
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {年齢|ねんれい}==を問わず==、{誰|だれ}でも{歓迎|かんげい}する。
+> Everyone is welcome, regardless of age.
+
+## それなのに (NEW!)
+
+Means "and yet".
+Used to combine two sentences, appearing at the start of the second one.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {同僚|どうりょ}が{風邪|かぜ}をひいた。==それなのに==、{事務所|じむしょ}に{行|い}くつもりです。
+> My colleague has a cold. And yet, he plans to go to the office.
+
+## それにしても (NEW!)
+
+Means "even so", "nevertheless".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {毎日|まいにち}{頑張|がんば}る、==それにしても==まだ{下手|へた}です。
+> I try my best every day, but I'm still not very good.
+
+## はともかく (NEW!)
+
+Means "setting aside", "apart from". Can be completed by として.
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> この服は値段==はともかく==、完璧です。
+> These clothes are perfect, regardless of their price.
+
+## どころか (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + な
+
N
+
+
+ どころか
+
+
+Means "far from", "anything but". Negates what comes before and emphases what comes after.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {好|す}きな==どころか==、{事実|じじつ}は{嫌|きら}いだった。
+> Far from liking it, truth is that I hated it.
+
+## どころではない (NEW!)
+
+Means "not the time for", "far from", "out of the question". Means that something is not ideal.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {今|いま}は{電車|でんしゃ}の{中|なか}だから、{歌|うた}う==どころではない==。
+> We're on a train right now, so it's not the time to sing.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Point of view.md b/🔰 Grammar/Point of view.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb89e3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Point of view.md
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# Point of view
+
+## にしたら・にすれば (NEW!)
+
+Means "from the point of view of", "from the perspective of".
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {観光客|かんこうきゃく}==にしたら==、その{食|た}べ{物|もの}は{多分|たぶん}{不思議|ふしぎ}すぎる。
+> For tourists, this food is probably too strange.
+
+## にとって
+
+Means "concerning", "regarding". Focuses on the standpoint of the preceding part. It is used for general opinions that are shared with the majority.
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 猫==にとって=={睡眠|すい|みん}は{大切|たいせつ}です。
+> Sleeping is important for cats.
+
+## の上で・上の (NEW!)
+
+の{上|うえ}で・{上|うえ}の means "according to", "from the point of view of". Used for rules, information, data, etc.
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {規則|きそく}==の上で==はタバコを{吸|す}うは{禁止|きんし}です。
+> According to the rules, smoking is prohibited.
+
+## 上: from the standpoint of (NEW!)
+
+Attached to a noun, {上|じょう} means "from the standpoint of".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {法律|ほうりつ}==上==、それは{禁止|きんし}です。
+> Legally, that is prohibited.
+
+## ものがある (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + な
+
+
+ ものがある
+
+
+Means "there is something". Used to express subjective opinion.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> この{車|くるま}には{怪|あや}しい==ものがある==。
+> There's something suspicious about this car.
+
+## から見ると (NEW!)
+
+から{見|み}ると means "from the point of view of", "by the look of". Used for objective judgment, based on a situation.
+Also used as から見れば, からみて or からみたら.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {先生|せんせい}==からみると==、{学生|がくせい}は{怠|なま}け{者|もの}すぎる。
+> From the teacher's point of view, the students are too lazy.
+
+## から言うと (NEW!)
+
+から{言|い}うと means "from the point of view of", "by the look of". Used for more subjective judgment, so cannot be used with people.
+Also used as から言えば or から言って.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {状況|じょうきょう}==から言うと==、{経済|けいざい}はよくない。
+> Given the situation, the economy is no good.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Possibility - impossibility.md b/🔰 Grammar/Possibility - impossibility.md
index aec72a7..2f8a424 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Possibility - impossibility.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Possibility - impossibility.md
@@ -7,3 +7,21 @@ Means "cannot". This form implies a strong impossibility. Used with negative ver
> [!info] Examples
> {苦|にが}い{食|たべ}べ{物|もの}は==とても==食べられ==ない==。
> I cannot eat bitter food.
+
+## ものか・もんか (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V (る)
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + な
+
N + な
+
+
+ ものか・もんか
+
+
+Means "there's no way it will happen", "absolutely not", "as if". Expresses disagreement or disbelief.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> こんなたくさん{家事|かじ}をする==ものか==。。。{無理|むり}です。
+> There's no way I could do so much housework... It's impossible.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Possibility - no choice.md b/🔰 Grammar/Possibility - no choice.md
index 4082108..70fc83d 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Possibility - no choice.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Possibility - no choice.md
@@ -8,3 +8,24 @@ Used with verbs in dictionary form.
> [!info] Example
> {説明書|せつめいしょ}を{読|よ}む==しかない==な。
> I guess I have no choice but to read to manual.
+
+## よりほかない・にほかならない (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
+Means "nothing but", "simply". This form puts more emphasis than しかない.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {携帯|けいたい}は{壊|こわ}れていったので、{新|あたら}しいのを{買|か}う==よりほかない==。
+> My phone broke, so I have no choice but to buy a new one.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Possibility - options.md b/🔰 Grammar/Possibility - options.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bcc374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Possibility - options.md
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# Possibility: options
+
+## でも
+
+Used to list one or more possible options.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ジュース==でも==お茶==でも==飲もうか。
+> Shall we drink something like a juice or tea?
+
+⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
+
+## かどうか
+
+Means "whether or not". It is the most common form used.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 行きたい==かどうか=={分|わ}からない。
+> I'm not sure if I want to go or not.
+
+## か何か
+
+か{何|なに}か means "or something".
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ジュース==か何か=={飲|の}もうか。
+> Shall we drink something like a juice?
+
+## ようか~まいか (NEW!)
+
+
+
+Rules for the second verb:
+- **V-る**:
+ - dictionary (る) form + まい
+ - V (~~ます~~) + まい
+- **V-う**: dictionary (る) form + まい
+- **くる**: こまい・くるまい
+- **する**: しまい・すまい・するまい
+
+Means "whether or not". Used to consider options. Usually written, but common orally with the verb 言う.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {雨|あめ}だ。。。行こう==か==、行く==まいか==。。。
+> It's raining... Should I go or not...
+
+## か
+
+Means "or". Can be used when there is uncertainty between two or more choices.
+See [[Question#か]].
+
+## 又は
+
+{又|また}は can be used for two things:
+* choosing between two options ("or")
+* listing two options ("both")
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 日本語==又は==英語でしゃべれます。
+> I can speak both Japanese and English.
+
+## それとも
+
+This is used to give a choice between a limited set of two options. It is casual.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 何が食べたい。ラーメン==それとも==カレーか。
+> What do you want to eat? Ramen or curry?
+
+## あるいは (NEW!)
+
+Means "or", "perhaps". Mostly used in written form. Can be used orally, if the difference between the two options is large.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {月曜日|げつようび}は{暇|ひま}ですか。==あるいは=={水曜日|すいようび}。
+> Are you free on Monday? Or Wednesday?
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Possibility.md b/🔰 Grammar/Possibility.md
index 94ef8e8..561b552 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Possibility.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Possibility.md
@@ -1,24 +1,5 @@
# Possibility
-## でも
-
-Used to list one or more possible options.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ジュース==でも==お茶==でも==飲もうか。
-> Shall we drink something like a juice or tea?
-
-⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
-
-## か何か
-
-か{何|なに}か means "or something".
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> ジュース==か何か=={飲|の}もうか。
-> Shall we drink something like a juice?
-
## かもしれない
Express a possibility, like "perhaps".
@@ -37,6 +18,30 @@ Can be used as もしかしたら, もしかすると and もしかして.
> ==もしかして=={今日|きょう}も{郵便局員|ゆうびんきょくいん}が来ません==かもしれない==。
> Perhaps the postman will not come today either.
+## かねない (NEW!)
+
+
+
+Means "possibly", "might", "could be". Usually used for negative outcomes. Mostly used in written language.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> この{道|みち}は{危|あぶ}ないので{事故|じこ}が{起|お}き==かねない==。
+> This road is dangerous, so an accident might happen.
+
+## 恐らく (NEW!)
+
+{恐|おそ}らく means "probably", "perhaps". Placed at the beginning of a phrase. Implies a high probability.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==恐らく=={彼女|かのじょ}は{今日|きょう}も{来|こ}ない。
+> She probably won't come today either.
+
## ことができる
Means "can", "able to".
@@ -47,20 +52,12 @@ It has the same meaning as the potential form (see Conjugation [[Basics]]).
> {英語|えいご}を{話|はな}す==ことが出来ない==。
> I cannot speak English.
-## かどうか
-
-Means "whether or not".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 行きたい==かどうか=={分|わ}からない。
-> I'm not sure if I want to go or not.
-
## ないことはない
V (ない)
-
い-Adj い くない
+
い-Adj い くない
な-Adj + ではない
N + ではない
@@ -73,25 +70,131 @@ Means "not impossible to", "it is not that". Used with negative forms.
> 本を{読|よ}ま==ないことはない==ですが、{最近|さいきん}は{暇|ひま}がない。
> It's not that I don't read books, it's just that I don't have free time these days.
-## か
+## 恐れがある (NEW!)
-Means "or". Can be used when there is uncertainty between two or more choices.
-See [[Question#か]].
+
+
+
V (る・ない)
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + な
+
N + の
+
+
+ 恐らくがある
+
-## 又は
-
-{又|また}は can be used for two things:
-* choosing between two options ("or")
-* listing two options ("both")
+{恐|おそ}れがある means "there is a risk that". Used when something bad could happen.
> [!info] Example
-> 日本語==又は==英語でしゃべれます。
-> I can speak both Japanese and English.
+> また{地震|じしん}の==恐らくがある==。{気|き}を{付|つ}けて。
+> There will probably be another earthquake. Please be careful.
-## それとも
+## ようでは (NEW!)
-This is used to give a choice between a limited set of two options. It is casual.
+Means "if". Used when the result would be bad.
+Used with verbs.
> [!info] Example
-> 何が食べたい。ラーメン==それとも==カレーか。
-> What do you want to eat? Ramen or curry?
+> {化|ば}け{物|もの}が{来|く}る==ようでは==、あなたを{食|た}べちゃうよ。
+> If a monster comes, it will eat you.
+
+## ものなら (NEW!)
+
+
+
+Means "if A were possible, then B". Implies that A is either impossible or unlikely.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {合格|ごうかく}できる==ものなら==、{世界中|せかいじゅう}{一番|いちばん}うれしいなあ。
+> If I could pass, I would be the happiest in the world (but it is unlikely I'll pass).
+
+## ないことには～ない (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V (ない)
+
い-Adj (ない)
+
な-Adj + でない
+
N + である
+
+
+ ことには +
+
V (ない)
+
+
+Means "unless you do something".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {運転|うんてん}{免許|めんきょ}を{持|も}った==ないことには=={運転|うんてん}できない。
+> You can't drive unless you have a driving licence.
+
+## にしろ~にしろ (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Means "whether... or". Can be used as にせろ~にせろ or にしても~にしても, which is more formal.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {動物|どうぶつ}==にしろ=={植物|しょくぶつ}==にしろ==、その{物質|ぶっしつ}は{危険|きけん}です。
+> Whether animals or plants, the substance is dangerous.
+
+## なくはない・なくもない (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V (なくて)
+
い-Adj (く) + なく
+
な-Adj + では + なく
+
N + が・は・に + なく
+
+
+ はない・もない
+
+
+Means "it's not that".
+With potential form of verbs, means that something is possible, despite seeming not.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> やる{気|き}==がなくはない==、{時間|じかん}は{少|すく}ないです。
+> It's not that I don't have the will, I just don't have time.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Reason.md b/🔰 Grammar/Reason.md
index 7b9f9d8..3eb7f6d 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Reason.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Reason.md
@@ -115,60 +115,6 @@ See also [[Connectors - in order to#ために]].
> {日本|にほん}に行きたい。==そのために==、{日本語|にほんご}をちゃんと{勉強|べんきょう}しています。
> I want to go to Japan. In order to do so, I'm studying seriously.
-## せいで
-
-
-
-
V
-
い-Adj
-
な-Adj + な
-
N + の
-
-
+ せいで
-
-
-Means "because of". Mostly used for negative contexts, to blame, etc.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> あなたの==せいで=={負|ま}けた。
-> We lost because of you.
-
-## おかげで
-
-
-
-
V
-
い-Adj
-
な-Adj + な
-
N + の
-
-
+ おかげで
-
-
-Means "because of". Used for positive contexts, like "thanks to".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> あなたの==おかげで=={勝|か}った。
-> We lost because of you.
-
-## というのは
-
-
-
-Means "this means", "known as", "because".
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 「モバゲー」==というのは==モバイルゲームのことです。
-> "Mobage" stands for mobile game.
-
## わけだ・わけではない
@@ -188,4 +134,185 @@ Means "this means", "known as", "because".
> {毎日|まいにち}{料理|りょうり}を{作|つく}るからうまくになった==わけだ==。
> I got good at cooking because I cook every day.
-See also [[Certainty#わけがない]].
\ No newline at end of file
+See also [[Certainty#わけがない]].
+
+## からこそ (NEW!)
+
+Means "precisely because". Made with the [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because|から]] and [[🔰 Particles (2)#こそ|こそ]] particles, to emphasize the reason.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {清潔|せいけつ}==だからこそ=={快適|かいてき}です。
+> It's precisely because it's clean that it is comfortable.
+
+⚠ Uses the same rules as [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because|から]].
+
+## ことだから (NEW!)
+
+Means "exactly because". Usually used to talk about something characteristic to someone.
+Used with nouns + の.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {彼女|かのじょ}==のことだから==、{必|かなら}ず{来|き}ます。
+> It's precisely because it's her that I'm sure she'll come.
+
+## につき (NEW!)
+
+Means "due to". Used when a change happens. It is formal.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {年次|ねんじ}{休業|きゅうぎょう}==につき==、セールが{開催|かいさい}{中|ちゅう}。
+> Due to the annual closure, a sale is being held.
+
+## もの・もん (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V (+ んだ)
+
い-Adj (+ んだ)
+
な-Adj (+ なんだ)
+
N (+ なんだ)
+
+
+ もの・もん
+
+
+Means "because". It is usually casual.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {具合|ぐあい}が{悪|わる}い。。。{臭|くさ}い==んだもの==。
+> I don't feel well... because something stinks.
+
+## ものだから (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + な
+
N + な
+
+
+ ものだから・ものですから・もんだから
+
+
+Means "because". Used to emphasize what has been said before, the reason for something, explaining something, or giving an excuse.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {電車|でんしゃ}{事故|じこ}があった==ものだから==、{私|わたし}は{遅|おく}れてしまった。
+> There was a train accident, so I was late.
+
+## Positive
+
+### おかげで
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + な
+
N + の
+
+
+ おかげで
+
+
+Means "because of". Used for positive contexts, like "thanks to".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> あなたの==おかげで=={勝|か}った。
+> We won because of you.
+
+### だけあって (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + な
+
N
+
+
+ だけあって・だけのことはあって
+
+
+Means "being the case", "as expected", "precisely because". Only used for positive results.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {彼女|かのじょ}==だけあって==、{美|うつく}しい{服|ふく}を{着|き}た。
+> As expected of her, she wore beautiful clothes.
+
+## Negative
+
+### せいで
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + な
+
N + の
+
+
+ せいで
+
+
+Means "because of". Mostly used for negative contexts, to blame, etc.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> あなたの==せいで=={負|ま}けた。
+> We lost because of you.
+
+### ばかりに (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + な
+
N
+
+
+ ばかりに
+
+
+Means "simply because". Usually used for negative results.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {彼|かれ}はたった{一|ひと}つミスをした==ばかりに=={解雇|かいこ}されました。
+> He was fired after making only one mistake.
+
+## Since... it's obvious that...
+
+All three patterns mean "because A... obviously B". They have slight differences.
+Used when talking about things like decision, judgement, etc.
+
+### 上は (NEW!)
+
+{上|うえ}は is the most formal form.
+Used with verbs (る, た forms).
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {先生|せんせい}が{言|い}った==上は=={必|かなら}ずする。
+> Since the teacher said it, I will definitely do it.
+
+### 以上は (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + である
+
N + である
+
+
+ 以上は
+
+
+{以上|いじょう}は is formal.
+Only with this form, both parts of the sentence can talk about different persons.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {彼|かれ}がまだ{来|き}ません==以上は==、{今|いま}{帰|かえ}ります。
+> Since he still have not come, I'm going home now.
+
+### からには (NEW!)
+
+It is used in conversations. Can only be used for talking about oneself. Generally used for positive results.
+Used with verbs.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> お{金|かね}がある==からには==、いい{家|いえ}を{買|か}うつもりです。
+> Since I have money, I plan to buy a nice house.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/State.md b/🔰 Grammar/State.md
index ae0cb80..56ec2e9 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/State.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/State.md
@@ -73,6 +73,14 @@ Used with verbs that expresses change.
> {禁煙|きんえん}の{場所|ばしょ}は{増|ふ}えている==一方です==。
> The number of places where smoking is prohibited keeps increasing.
+## ばかりだ (NEW!)
+
+Means "to continue to", in a negative direction. Used with verbs in the dictionary form (る), that describe a form of change. Can also be used as ばっかり, ばっか, ばかし, and ばっかし instead of ばかり.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {病気|びょうき}は{悪|わる}くなる==ばかりです==。
+> The illness is only getting worse.
+
## 結果
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Talking about.md b/🔰 Grammar/Talking about.md
index e1d3140..bd1905e 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Talking about.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Talking about.md
@@ -8,6 +8,24 @@
> 日本==と言えば==、富士山です。
> Speaking of Japan, Mount Fuji comes to mind.
+## というのは
+
+
+
+Means "this means", "known as", "because".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 「モバゲー」==というのは==モバイルゲームのことです。
+> "Mobage" stands for mobile game.
+
## において・における
Means "in", "at", "regarding".
@@ -29,6 +47,38 @@ Used with nouns.
> {面接|めんせつ}==について==はいつがよろしいでしょうか。
> Regarding the interview, when would be a good time?
+## をめぐって (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
+Means "concerning", "in regard to". It has the same meaning as について.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 田中さん==をめぐって==、いろんな{噂|うわさ}がある。
+> There are many rumours concerning Tanaka-san.
+
+## というものだ (NEW!)
+
+Means "concerning", "something called". Used for explanations or morals.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> これはノートパソコン==というものだ==。
+> This is what we call a laptop.
+
## に関する・に関して
に{関|かん}する・に{関|かん}して means "related to", "about". More formal than について.
@@ -46,6 +96,16 @@ Means "in other words". Used after a first phrase for an alternative explanation
> この{映画|えいが}は１２０分、==つまり==２時です。
> This movie is 120 minutes, that is to say 2 hours.
+## ということは (NEW!)
+
+Means "that is to say", "in other words". Used when the answer needs thinking. つまり is more direct.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> A: あの{人|ひと}はわたしの{父|ちち}の{妹|いもうと}んです。
+> B: ==ということは==、あなたのおばさんですね。
+> A: She's my father's sister.
+> B: That means she's your aunt, right.
+
## すなわち
Means "in other words". More formal than つまり.
@@ -54,6 +114,14 @@ Means "in other words". More formal than つまり.
> この{映画|えいが}は１２０分、==すなわち==２時です。
> This movie is 120 minutes, that is to say 2 hours.
+## 要するに (NEW!)
+
+{要|よう}するに means "in summary". It is placed at the beginning of the sentence.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==要するに==、新しい仕事に就きました。
+> In summary, I got a new job.
+
## にかけて
Means "through", "concerning". It is used for something that happens over a period of time.
@@ -75,15 +143,6 @@ Used with nouns.
> フランスの文化はパン==をはじめ==、ワインも{人気|にんき}です。
> French culture is popular not only for bread, but also for wine.
-## にとって
-
-Means "concerning", "regarding". Focuses on the standpoint of the preceding part.
-Used with nouns.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 猫==にとって=={睡眠|すい|みん}は{大切|たいせつ}です。
-> Sleeping is important for cats.
-
## なんか・なんて
Means "such as", "things like". It is used to give examples or to show emphasis.
@@ -101,3 +160,38 @@ Means "such as", "things like". It is used to give examples or to show emphasis.
> [!info] Example
> {虫|むし}が{好|すき}きです。==例えば=={蝉|せみ}です。
> I like insect. For example, cicadas.
+
+## ものだ・ものではない (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V (る・ない)
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj
+
+
+ ものだ・ものではない
+
+
+ものだ is used when something is common knowledge, custom, etc. That it is something that is natural or expected.
+ものではない is used for something that is not expected.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {車|くるま}はいつも{高|たか}い==ものだ==。
+> Cars are always expensive.
+
+## というふうに (NEW!)
+
+Means "as if to say", "in such a way that", "like". Used to describe the manner in which something is done, give examples.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {彼|かれ}は{泥棒|どろぼう}==というふうに=={立|た}ち{去|さ}ってしました。
+> He departed like a thief.
+
+## ふうに (NEW!)
+
+Means "in the way of".
+Used after words like こんな, そんな, あんな, どんな and verbs.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> こんな==ふうに==はだめ！
+> Do not do it like this!
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Thanks.md b/🔰 Grammar/Thanks.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b4c79c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Thanks.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Thanks
+
+## せっかく (NEW!)
+
+Means "with trouble", "thank you for the trouble", etc.
+Used at the beginning of a phrase.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==せっかく==ケーキを{持|も}てきてくれてありがとう。
+> Thank you for bringing the cake.
+
+## 幸い・幸いなことに (NEW!)
+
+{幸|さいわ}い・{幸|さいわ}いなことに means "luckily", "fortunately".
+Used at the beginning of a phrase.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==幸い==、{一番|いちばん}{欲|ほ}しかったガシャポンが{手|て}に{入|い}れった。
+> Luckily, I got the gashapon I wanted the most.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Time - close.md b/🔰 Grammar/Time - close.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a0a4b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Time - close.md
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# Time - close
+
+## ところ
+
+Means "just about to". Used when describing what we're about to do. Can also mean "just after something happened".
+Used by combining to a verb.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 今ご{飯|はん}を作る==ところ==です。
+> I'm about to make dinner.
+
+## かと思ったら (NEW!)
+
+かと{思|おも}ったら means "just when".
+Can also be used as かと思うと and かと思えば.
+Used with a verb in the past (た) form.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> スーパーに{行|い}った==かと思ったら==、{雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}り{出|だ}した。
+> Just as I went to the supermarket, it started snowing.
+
+## か~ないかのうちに (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
+ か +
+
+
+ か + のちに
+
+
+か~ないかのうちに means "right after", "as soon as". It is formal.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {彼|かれ}は{電車|でんしゃ}が{駅|えき}に{着|つ}く==か=={着|つ}かない==かのうちに=={走|はし}り{始|はじ}めた。
+> He started running as soon as the train arrived at the station.
+
+## 次第 (NEW!)
+
+{次第|しだい} means "as soon as". Made by removing the ます stem of a verb.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {食|たべ}べ==次第==、オフィスに行ってください。
+> As soon as you've eaten, please go to the office.
+
+With に at the end, it means "gradually".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {彼|かれ}は==次第に=={上手|じょうず}になってきた。
+> He's gradually gotten better.
+
+## 直ちに (NEW!)
+
+{直|ただ}ちに means "immediately", "at once".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> ==直ちに=={出|で}かけなきゃ！
+> I need to get going right now!
+
+## ところに (NEW!)
+
+Means "at the time", "when", "while", "just as". Used with verbs in the ている form.
+Focuses on the scene or situation rather than the action.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> ばかばかしいことをしていた==ところに==、{先輩|せんぱい}{入|はい}りました。
+> While I was doing something stupid, my senior came in.
+
+## 一気に (NEW!)
+
+{一気|いっき}に means "at once", "all at once" and "instantly", "right away".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> ==一気に=={全部|ぜんぶ}{食|た}べちゃった。
+> I ate it all in one go.
+>
+> {彼|かれ}を{叱|しか}った{後|あと}で、==一気に=={止|や}めました。
+> After scolding him, he stopped right away.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Time - during.md b/🔰 Grammar/Time - during.md
index a1f04cd..f7c2416 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Time - during.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Time - during.md
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Contrary to 間, it doesn't include the whole time period. So 間に means that
+ ながら + ...
-Means "while", "simultaneously". The difference with ついでに is that here the main action is the second one.
+Means "while", "simultaneously". The difference with ついでに is that here the main action is the second one. Happens at the same time.
> [!info] Example
> {歩|ある}き==ながら=={電話|でん|わ}を見ています。
@@ -73,12 +73,30 @@ Means "while", "simultaneously". The difference with ついでに is that here t
+ ついでに
-Means "while", "at the same time". The difference with ながら is that here the main action is the first one.
+Means "while", "at the same time". The difference with ながら is that here the main action is the first one. An opportunity of doing something during the occurrence of the first one (but not for the entire time).
> [!info] Example
> スーパーに行く==ついでに==、おにぎりを{買|か}ってくれませんか。
> While you're going to the supermarket, could you bring onigiri?
+## と同時に (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V (る)
+
い-Adj
+
な-Adj + である
+
N
+
+
+ と同時に
+
+
+と{同時|どうじ}に means "at the same time as", "while". Contrary to ながら, it is used for something that happens at a precise moment, not during the whole time.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {電車|でんしゃ}に{乗|の}っている==と同時に==、おじいさんが{落|お}ちた。
+> While on the train, an old man fell off.
+
## 中
{中|ちゅう}・{中|じゅう} means different things depending on its pronunciation:
@@ -110,6 +128,25 @@ Means "while". The nuance is that the time is optimal and should be taken advant
> {晴|は}れる==うちに=={散歩|さんぽ}しましょう。
> Let's take a walk while the weather is nice.
+## 限り (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
V (る・た・ない・ている・)
+
N + である
+
+
+ 限り
+
+
+{限|かぎ}り means "as long as", "while". Also means "limited to".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> この{映画|えいが}は{来週|らいしゅう}==限り=={劇場|げきじょう}で{上映|じょうえい}されます。
+> This movie will be in theaters the next week only.
+>
+> {仕事|しごと}を{真面目|まじめ}にする==限り==、{大丈夫|だいじょうぶ}。
+> As long as you're serious doing your job, it will be fine.
+
## 途中で・途中に
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Time - finally.md b/🔰 Grammar/Time - finally.md
index b6bd4b2..fbd931d 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Time - finally.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Time - finally.md
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
## やっと
-Means that something happened at last. More rarely means "barely".
+Means that something happened at last, with efforts. More rarely means "barely".
+Used at the beginning of a phrase.
> [!info] Example
> ==やっと=={論文|ろん|ぶん}を書き{終|お}わった。
@@ -10,8 +11,50 @@ Means that something happened at last. More rarely means "barely".
## ついに
-Means "finally", "at last". Something happened after working to accomplish the goal.
+Means "finally", "at last". Something happened after working to accomplish the goal. Positive implications.
+Used at the beginning of a phrase.
> [!info] Example
> ==ついに== {新|あたら}しい{地下鉄|ちかてつ}が{出来上|で|き|あ}がった。
> At last, the new subway was completed.
+
+## あげく (NEW!)
+
+
+
+Means "in the end", "finally". Implies a negative result, despite effort given.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {一緒|いっしょ}に{暮|く}らした==あげく==、{別|わか}れることに{決|き}めました。
+> After living together, we decided to break up.
+
+## いよいよ (NEW!)
+
+Means "finally". Explains that something finally happened (after preparation, waiting, etc).
+Used at the beginning of a phrase.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> ==いよいよ=={作|つく}り{終|お}わりました。
+> I finally finished it.
+
+## 末に (NEW!)
+
+
+
+{末|すえ}に means "finally". Focuses on the end of the preparation.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> ==末に=={準備|じゅんび}を{終|お}わりました。
+> Finally, I finished the preparations.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Time - regularity.md b/🔰 Grammar/Time - regularity.md
index 4a59a21..36933ab 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Time - regularity.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Time - regularity.md
@@ -52,3 +52,19 @@ The way the intervals are counted between these two grammar structure is differe
>
> ２日==おきに== =３日==ごとに== = every three days = every third day
> ●○○●○○●○○●
+
+## につけ (NEW!)
+
+
+
+Means "every time", "whenever". Formal and rarely used nowadays.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> 私が{掃除機|そうじき}を{使|つか}う==につけ==、うちの{犬|いぬ}が{怖|こわ}がります。
+> Every time I use the vacuum cleaner, my dog is scared.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Time - surprise.md b/🔰 Grammar/Time - surprise.md
index ab9bfe2..ed86440 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Time - surprise.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Time - surprise.md
@@ -16,6 +16,14 @@ This means "suddenly", "unexpectedly", "unintentionally". Emphasis is on the lac
> ==ふと=={通|とお}りに１０００円を{見|み}つけた。
> I found 1000 yen on the street by chance.
+## いきなり (NEW!)
+
+Means "suddenly". Used before a phrase containing an action. It implies something that is more surprising than with 急に, puts more emotion into it.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> ==いきなり=={雨|あめ}が{降|ふ}ってきた。
+> It suddenly started raining.
+
## たとたん
Means "just as". Used for an action that happens just at the moment something else occurs. Can convey a nuance of something unexpected or surprising.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Time - throughout.md b/🔰 Grammar/Time - throughout.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2ff8db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Time - throughout.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Time - throughout
+
+## から〜にかけて
+
+Means "through", "from... until". Indicates that something happens over a period of time.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {朝|あさ}==から=={夜|よる}==にかかて==ゲームしたい。
+> I want to play games from morning to night.
+
+## にわたって (NEW!)
+
+Means "throughout", "over (a period)". It is formal.
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {今日|きょう}==にわたって=={不運|ふうん}だった。
+> I've had bad luck throughout the day.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Time.md b/🔰 Grammar/Time.md
index 16b2a52..1a51d3a 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Time.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Time.md
@@ -44,15 +44,6 @@ Used by combining to a verb.
> {時々|とき|どき}パリへ行く==ことがある==。
> I sometimes go to Paris.
-## ところ
-
-Means "just about to". Used when describing what we're about to do. Can also mean "just after something happened".
-Used by combining to a verb.
-
-> [!info] Example
-> 今ご{飯|はん}を作る==ところ==です。
-> I'm about to make dinner.
-
## から～まで
See から: [[🔰 Particles (2)#From, since]] (from).
@@ -158,13 +149,22 @@ Used with nouns measuring time.
> ３{年|ねん}==ぶりに==ブラジルを{戻|もど}ります。
> For the first time in 3 years, I'm returning to Brazil.
-## から〜にかけて
+## に先立ち (NEW!)
-Means "through", "from... until". Indicates that something happens over a period of time.
+
-> [!info] Example
-> {朝|あさ}==から=={夜|よる}==にかかて==ゲームしたい。
-> I want to play games from morning to night.
+に{先|さき}{立|だ}ち means "before", "prior to". It is formal.
+Also used as に先立つ when a second noun follows a first one.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {初|はじ}める==に先立って==、{準備|じゅんび}しないといけない。
+> Before starting, you need to prepare.
## 上で
@@ -181,3 +181,61 @@ Means "through", "from... until". Indicates that something happens over a period
> [!info] Examples
> {面接|めんせつ}の==上で==、{連絡|れんらく}します。
> We will contact you after the interview.
+
+## にあたって (NEW!)
+
+
+
+Means "at the time of", "on the occasion of". It is formal. Used when talking about the preparation.
+Can also be used as にあたり.
+Used with verbs and nouns.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {試験|しけん}を{受|う}ける==にあたって==、{鉛筆|えんぴつ}と{消|け}しゴムを{持|も}ってきてください。
+> Please bring a pencil and an eraser in preparation for the test.
+
+## に際して (NEW!)
+
+
+
+に{際|さい}して means "at the time of", "on the occasion of". It is formal. Used when talking about the moment of the situation.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {試験|しけん}を{受|う}ける==に際して==、{静|しず}かにしてください。
+> During the test, please be quiet.
+
+## とっくに (NEW!)
+
+Means "long ago", "a long time ago".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {彼女|かのじょ}は==とっくに=={帰|かえ}ってしまった。
+> She went home long ago.
+
+## やがて (NEW!)
+
+Means "before long", "eventually".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> ==やがて==この{新|あたら}しいゲームは{売|う}り{出|だ}すはずです。
+> This new game should be put on sale soon.
+
+## ところだった (NEW!)
+
+Means "almost", "about to", "almost happened". Used with a verb (る) by adding ところだった.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {車|くるま}の{事故|じこ}が{起|お}==こるところだった==。{無事|ぶじ}よかった。
+> A car accident almost happened. Thankfully we're safe.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Towards.md b/🔰 Grammar/Towards.md
index 7280025..2a372be 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Towards.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Towards.md
@@ -19,6 +19,14 @@ Used with nouns.
> この{建物|たてもの}は{南|みなみ}==向き==です。
> This building is facing south.
+## に向かって・に向けて (NEW!)
+
+に{向|む}かって means "to face", "towards".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {今|いま}{名古屋|なごや}==に向かっています==。
+> I'm heading towards Nagoya now.
+
## を中心に
を{中心|ちゅう|しん}に means "mainly", "focused on".
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Without.md b/🔰 Grammar/Without.md
index a58a97c..07c5303 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/Without.md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/Without.md
@@ -13,8 +13,74 @@ It is a bit more casual than ずに.
Means "without doing". Formed with a verb in the negative tense (ない) by removing the -ない stem and adding ず(に).
する transforms to せずに.
-It is a bit more formal than ないで.
+It is a bit more formal than ないで. Used more often in written form than ないで.
> [!info] Example
> 毎日食べ==ずに==出かける。
> Everyday, I go out without eating.
+
+## ずに済む・なくて済む (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
+
+ずに{済|す}む and なくて{済|す}む mean "get by without doing". Used with a negative verb.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {天才|てんさい}ので、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}==せずに済んだ=={合格|ごうかく}できました。
+> He passed the exam without having to study, since he's a genius.
+
+## ことなく (NEW!)
+
+Means "without doing". Implies that it is regretful that it happened.
+Used with a verb (dictionary form).
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {私|わたし}が{作|つく}ったケーキを{食|た}べる==ことなく=={友達|ともだち}は{帰|かえ}ってしまた。
+> My friend went home without eating the cake I made.
+
+## 抜きで・抜きにして (NEW!)
+
+{抜|ぬ}きにして・{抜|ぬ}きで means "without".
+Used with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {彼女|かのじょ}==抜きで==何もできない。
+> I can't do anything without her.
+
+## もかまわず (NEW!)
+
+
+
+
+も{構|かま}わず means "without worrying about".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {未来|みらい}==も構わず==、{全然|ぜんぜん}{勉強|べんきょう}した。
+> Without worrying about the future, I didn't studied at all.
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (1).md b/🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (1).md
index 6bf6f72..c1957a0 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (1).md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (1).md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ When a sentence is negative, は is usually used instead of が and を.
> 肉==は==食べません。
> I don't eat meat.
-When used with a noun that is a number or an amount, it takes the meaning of "at least" or "around". Can be mixed with [[Amount#くらい]].
+When used with a noun that is a number or an amount, it takes the meaning of "at least" or "around". Can be mixed with [[Amounts#くらい]].
> [!info] Example
> {毎週|まいしゅう}２{回|かい}==は=={映画館|えいがかん}に行きます。
diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (2).md b/🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (2).md
index d33bf3e..1413ffc 100644
--- a/🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (2).md
+++ b/🔰 Grammar/🔰 Particles (2).md
@@ -96,6 +96,24 @@ Means "even", "not even" (with negative verbs).
⚠ With conditional verbs, it means "only". See [[State#さえ～ば]].
+## にて (NEW!)
+
+This particle is a formal version of [[🔰 Particles (1)#で]], and is used the same way.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {電話|でんわ}==にて=={連絡|れんらく}ください。
+> Please contact us by phone.
+
+## より (NEW!)
+
+It is a more formal form of から ([[#From, since]]).
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 明日==より=={毎日|まいにち}{運動|うんどう}するつもりです。
+> Starting tomorrow, I'm going to exercise every day.
+
+Do not confuse with [[Comparison#より]].
+
## Sentence ending
At the end of a sentence, some particles can be added to put emphasis on a meaning.