First pass
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@ -2,14 +2,26 @@
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## Certain
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## Certain
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### に違いない
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### に決まっている (NEW!)
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に{違|ちが}いない means "I'm certain that".
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に{決|き}まっている means "certain that". It is casual.
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
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> 私は{試験|しけん}を{合格|ごうかく}==に違いない==。
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> 私は{試験|しけん}を{合格|ごうかく}==に決まっている==。
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> I'm sure I'll pass the exam.
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> I'm sure I'll pass the exam.
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### に違いない
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に{違|ちが}いない means "certain that". It is polite.
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TODO example
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### に相違ない (NEW!)
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に{相|そう}{違|い}ない means "certain that". It is very formal.
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TODO example
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## Not always: とは限らない
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## Not always: とは限らない
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="usage">
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@ -58,6 +58,22 @@ Used to introduce a new topic of conversation. Translates to "by the way".
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> ==ところで==、車の{修理|しゅうり}はどう。
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> ==ところで==、車の{修理|しゅうり}はどう。
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> By the way, how are the repairs for your car?
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> By the way, how are the repairs for your car?
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## By the way: ちなみに (NEW!)
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Used to provide a new information on the current topic of conversation. Translates to "by the way".
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> [!info] Example
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> {駅|えき}に行くつもりです。==ちなみに==、駅の{前|まえ}には{新|あたら}しいレストランが{開|あけた}けたと言われた。
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> I'm going to the train station. By the way, I heard that a new restaurant has opened in front of the station.
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## Come to think of it: そう言えば (NEW!)
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Used to talk about a topic connected to the previous one, as something that is remembered.
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> [!info] Example
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> ==そういえば==、{今日|きょう}の{試験|しけん}はどうだったか。
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> Come to think of it, how was today's exam?
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## Certainly: 確かに
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## Certainly: 確かに
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{確|たし}かに means "surely", "certainly".
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{確|たし}かに means "surely", "certainly".
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@ -65,3 +81,6 @@ Used to introduce a new topic of conversation. Translates to "by the way".
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
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> この{歌|うた}は==確かに=={面白|おも|しろ}そうだ。
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> この{歌|うた}は==確かに=={面白|おも|しろ}そうだ。
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> This song certainly sounds interesting.
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> This song certainly sounds interesting.
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@ -86,3 +86,44 @@ Means "just as", "precisely". Can be written as 通り.
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> [!info] Example
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> [!info] Example
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> {計画|けいかく}==どおり=={間|ま}に{合|あ}った。
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> {計画|けいかく}==どおり=={間|ま}に{合|あ}った。
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> We arrived on time as planned.
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> We arrived on time as planned.
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## だけは (NEW!)
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ だけは + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box"> V (た)</span></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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Means "to do all that one can".
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> [!info] Example
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> {試験|しけん}のため{勉強|べんきょう}する==だけは=={勉強|べんきょう}した。
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> I studied as much as I could for the exam.
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## もかまわず (NEW!)
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TODO: perhaps in "without"?
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">V + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ も構わず</p>
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</div>
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ も構わず</p>
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</div>
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も{構|かま}わず means "without worrying about".
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> [!info] Example
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> {未来|みらい}==も構わず==、{全然|ぜんぜん}{勉強|べんきょう}した。
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> Without worrying about the future, I didn't studied at all.
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@ -27,6 +27,14 @@ Can also be used as だけではなく.
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> この{都市|とし}は大きい==だけでなく==、きれいでもある。
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> この{都市|とし}は大きい==だけでなく==、きれいでもある。
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> This city is not only big, it's also pretty.
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> This city is not only big, it's also pretty.
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## のみ (NEW!)
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It is a more formal, written version of だけ. It is only used with nouns.
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> [!info] Example
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> この{道|みち}は{歩行者|ほこうしゃ}==のみ==です。
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> This road is pedestrian only.
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## きり
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## きり
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="usage">
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@ -104,6 +112,15 @@ Means "not only A but also B".
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> 彼女は{綺麗|きれい}==ばかりでなく=={天才|てんさい}もあるです。
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> 彼女は{綺麗|きれい}==ばかりでなく=={天才|てんさい}もあるです。
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> She's not only beautiful, she's also a genius.
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> She's not only beautiful, she's also a genius.
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## に限らず (NEW!)
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に{限|かぎ}らず means "not only A, but also B".
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Used with nouns.
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> [!info] Examples
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> この{店|みせ}は{平日|へいじつ}==に限らず==、{週末|しゅうまつ}も{営業|えいぎょう}している。
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> This store is open not only on weekdays but also on weekends.
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## てばかりいる
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## てばかりいる
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Means "only", "nothing but".
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Means "only", "nothing but".
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@ -112,3 +129,29 @@ Used with a verb in て form.
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> [!info] Examples
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> [!info] Examples
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> {僕|ぼく}の{犬|いぬ}は{鳴|な}け==てばかりいる==。
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> {僕|ぼく}の{犬|いぬ}は{鳴|な}け==てばかりいる==。
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> My dog is always barking.
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> My dog is always barking.
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# TODO
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## でしかない (NEW!)
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TODO ask nuance
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Means "nothing but" or "no more than". More often than not conveys a negative nuance.
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Used with nouns.
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> [!info] Examples
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> {彼|かれ}は{子供|こども}==でしかない==。
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> He nothing more than a child.
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## に過ぎない (ni suginai)
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TODO ask nuance
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TODO all
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でしかない similar (check in the handbook)
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Meaning: no more than; just; merely; only ~. This is used to emphasize that something is of a lower quality / quantity / level.
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Category: amount?
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https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e9%81%8e%e3%81%8e%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84-ni-suginai-meaning/
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https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84
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@ -88,3 +88,21 @@ This particle when added to the end of a sentence meaning "right?".
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* ==でしょう==・==だろう== expresses a probability or an assumption.
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* ==でしょう==・==だろう== expresses a probability or an assumption.
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* ==ではないか==・==じゃないか== invites or suggests an action.
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* ==ではないか==・==じゃないか== invites or suggests an action.
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* ==ね== asks an agreement or a confirmation.
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* ==ね== asks an agreement or a confirmation.
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## ことか (NEW!)
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + である</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ ことか</p>
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</div>
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Means "how" or "what". Used to describe an extent that is unusual or unbelievable. It is mostly used in written contexts, as it is a bit dramatic.
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> [!info] Example
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> フランスには、パン{屋|や}の{多|おお}さにどれほど{信|しん}じられない==ことか==。
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> It's incredible how many bakeries there are in France.
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