jpg-quartz/1- Grammar/Give - Receive - Lend - Borrow.md

Give and receive; lend and borrow

Give and receive

あげる

Giver が Receiver に Object を +

あげる

Used when you give an object to someone.

[!info] Example {友達|とも|だち}に本を==あげる==。 I give a book to my friend.

くれる

Giver が Receiver に Object を +

くれる

Used when someone gives an object to you.

[!info] Example {友達|とも|だち}が本を==くれる==。 My friend gives me a book.

もらう

Receiver が Giver {に・から} Object を +

もらう

Used when you receive an object from someone.

[!info] Example {友達|とも|だち}に本を==もらう==。 I get a book from my friend.

When to use?

Giving

There's a nuance between the two terms depending on who you are close to. The general rule is that you:

• use ==あげる== if you, your friends or family give something to others (closer to giver's side).
• use ==くれる== if you, your friends or family are receiving things from others (closer to receiver's side).

In both cases, the topic is the giver.

Receiving

There's only one word: ==もらう==, and it doesn't matter who you are close to.

In this case, the topic is the receiver.

Lend and borrow

貸す

{貸|か}す means to lend.

[!info] Examples 傘を==貸しました==。 I lent my umbrella.

傘を==貸して==くれませんか？ Could you do me a favor of lending me your umbrella?

トイレ==貸りて==もいい。 Could I use your toilets?

借りる

{借|か}りる means to borrow.

[!info] Example 傘を==借りました==。 I borrowed the umbrella.