6.3 KiB
Time
とき
V (casual)
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N + の
+ とき
Means "time". When used like this, means "at the time of".
[!info] Example 行った==とき==、{誰|だれ}もいなかった。 When I went, no one was there.
ところ
Means "just about to". Used when describing what we're about to do. Used by combining to a verb.
[!info] Example 今ご{飯|はん}を作る==ところ==です。 I'm about to make dinner.
ことがある
Means "there are time when". Used by combining to a verb.
[!info] Example {時々|とき|どき}パリへ行く==ことがある==。 I sometimes go to Paris.
ながら
V-ます
+ ながら + ...
Means "while", "simultaneously".
[!info] Example {歩|ある}き==ながら=={電話|でん|わ}を見ています。 While walking, I'm looking at my phone.
間
V (dictionary)
N + の
+ 間
{間|あいだ} means "while" or "during". Used to express something that is done for the whole period of time.
[!info] Example 電車に{乗|の}っている==間==、ゲームをしてた。 While I was on the train, I was playing a game.
Can also be used to talk about a distance between two physical places or the time between two things.
[!info] Example １時から９じまでの==間==、{寝|ね}ます。 I sleep between 1AM and 9AM.
間に
V (casual, non-past)
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N + の
+ 間に
A first meaning is similar to {間|あいだ} (while), but with intentionality.
[!info] Example 電車に{乗|の}った==間に==、本を読みました。 While I was on the train, I read a book.
A second meaning is a statement of something that happened during a time period, independently of your actions. Contrary to 間, it doesn't include the whole time period. So 間に means that at a point during the time period, something happened.
[!info] Example {夜|よる}の==間に==、{隣|となり}の木が{落|お}ちていた。 During the night, the tree next door fell.
から～まで
See から: 🔰 Particles (2)#From, since. See まで: 🔰 Particles (2)#まで. See から～まで: 🔰 Particles (2)#から～まで.
前に
V (dictionary)
N + の
+ 前に
{前|まえ}に means before (time) or in front of (place).
[!info] Examples {寝|ねる}る==前に==、レストランに行こうと思います。 I think I'll go to the restaurant before sleeping.
レストランの==前に=={自転車|じ|てん|しゃ}があります。 There are bikes in front of the restaurant.
後で
V (た)
N + の
+ 後で
{後|あと}で means after or later. ⚠ Only works with the past form of verbs!
[!info] Example 食べた==後で==、寝ます。 After eating, I'll go to sleep.
さっき
Means that something happened recently, either just now, or a little while ago.
[!info] Example ==さっき==家に出てきた。 I just left home.
たところ
Combined with a verb in the past tense, it express that something just occurred (something just ended, just started, etc).
[!info] Example 今食べた==ところ==だ。 I just finished to eat right now.
ているところ
See TeF (2) - manner of doing#ているところ.
たばかり
Combined with a verb in the past tense, it express that something just occurred (something just ended, just started, etc). It is more subjective than ところ. It doesn't have to be something that literally just happened, but something that feels like it just happened.
[!info] Example 今食べた==ばかり==だ。 I just finished to eat right now.
When comparing the two examples, the meaning is different depending on the context. Imagine a friend asking you to go eat with him. When using ところ, it means you just finished your meal this instant. When using ばかり, it means that it feels too soon to eat again just yet from your point of view, independently of how much time has really passed.
急に
{急|きゅう}に means that something happened unexpectedly or quickly.
[!info] Example ==急に==電車が{現|あらわ}れた。 A train suddenly appeared.
やっと
Means that something happened at last. More rarely means "barely".
[!info] Example ==やっと=={論文|ろん|ぶん}を書き{終|お}わった。 I finally finished writing my thesis.
までに
This indicates a time limit for the action, similar to "by".
[!info] Example {来週|らい|しゅう}==までに=={終|お}わってください。 Please finish by next week.
おきに
This is used for repeated intervals, after a noun indicating something measurable.
[!info] Example この電車は４分==おきに=={出発|しゅ|っぱつ}します。 This train leaves every four minutes.
ころ・ごろ
N (time)
+ ごろ
Means "around" or "about".
[!info] Example 午後８時==ごろ==来てください。 Please come around 8PM.
V (casual)
い/な-Adj
N + の
+ ころ
Means "when".
[!info] Example 子供の==ころ==、毎日{公園|こうえん}で{遊|あそ}んだ。 When I was a kid, I played every day at the park.