jpg-quartz/content/Conjugation/Conditional.md

# Conditional

## と

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ と</p>
</div>

Means "if", "whenever". Used when a result is known or assumed to be true, aka a logical cause-effect relationship. Cannot be used if the result is uncertain. So it cannot be an intention, a request, a desire, an order, etc.

> [!info] Example
> {急|いそ}いでない==と==、{遅刻|ちこく}に{着|つ}きます。
> If you don't hurry, you'll arrive late.

## なら

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (casual) + (の)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + (の)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + (の)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ なら</p>
</div>

Means "in the case that/of". The second part of the sentence is generally an opinion, a request or a suggestion.
Adding の adds emphasis. ならば can be used in more formal contexts.

> [!info] Example
> {車|くるま}を{使|つか}う==なら==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けて。
> If you're using a car, be careful.

## たら

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> + かった</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だった</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + だった</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ ら</p>
</div>

Means "if" or "when". Describes a condition (the first action must be completed before the second action). Used for hypothetical situations and certain results. It is the main word used for conditional.

> [!info] Example
> {安|やす}==かったら==、{買|か}う。
> (If / When) it's cheap, I'll buy it.

## 場合

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ 場合は</p>
</div>

{場合|ば|あい} means "in the case of". The second part explains what to do in the situation (instructions, advices, etc). More formal than たら.

> [!info] Example
> {地震|じ|しん}==の場合は==、エレベーターを使わないでください。
> In case of an earthquake, please don't use the elevators.

## ば・なければ

Positive form:
<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (う -> え)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + けれ</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + なら</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + なら</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ ば</p>
</div>

Negative form:
<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ない</strike></span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>ない</strike></span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + で</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + で</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ なければ</p>
</div>

See Conjugation [[Basics]] for verbs (the う sound transforms the the corresponding え sound).

Means "if". A conditional relationship without the cause-effect relationship of と.
If A happens, then B. Situations must be hypothetical. Generally used for one-time results.

> [!info] Examples
> 雨が止==めれば==、店に行く。
> If it stops raining, I'll go to the store.
> 
> おいしい==でなければ==、食べません。
> If it's not good, I will not eat it.

### ばいい

Used for hope about a result. "It would be good if".
Can also be used to give an advice, in a meaning similar to "should".

> [!info] Example
> {宝|たから}くじが{当|あ}たれ==ばいい==ね。
> It would be good if I win the lottery...
> 
> 

### ばよかった

Used for regret about something that would have been better if done. "It would have been good if".
More emphasis can be added by adding のに.

> [!info] Example
> {上着|うわぎ}を{持|も}て==ばよかった==。
> I should have brought a jacket.

### ば～ほど

<div class="usage">
<div class="">
	<p><span class="box">V (ば)</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="r"> + </p>
<div class="">
	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="r">+ ほど</p>
</div>
<div class="usage">
<div class="">
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> + ければ</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="r"> + </p>
<div class="">
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="r">+ ほど</p>
</div>
<div class="usage">
<div class="">
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + なら</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="r"> + </p>
<div class="">
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="r">+ ほど</p>
</div>

Means "the more... the more". Used by repeating the same verb.

> [!info] Example
> {自転車|じてんしゃ}をすれ==ば==する==ほど==、{上手|じょうず}になります。
> The more you bike, the better you get.

## Summing up

* ==と== has a logical cause-effect relationship. Certain result.
* ==なら== usually used for opinion, request, suggestion.
* ==V-たら== describes a condition to be met for the result. Usually used for hypothetical situation.
* ==場合== explains what to do in a described situation. More formal than V-たら.
* ==V-ば== is a conditional relationship, close to V-たら. Used for hypothetical situations, generally for for one-time results.

## とすれば・としたら・とすると

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ とすれば・としたら・とすると</p>
</div>

Means "if we assume that A, B".
としたら is more casual than とすれば.
とすると is used for an action that is likely to happen.

> [!info] Example
> {電車|でんしゃ}で行く==とすると==、２０{分|っぷん}かかるです。
> If you were to go by train, it would take 20 minutes.

## もし(も)

Used with conditional forms ば, と, たら and ても (see [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]]).
もしも puts more emphasis than もし.

> [!info] Example
> ==もし==ペットが{病気|びょうき}になったら、{動物|どうぶつ}{病院|びょういん}に行かなきゃ。
> If you pet gets sick, you have to bring it to the veterinarian clinic.