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Time: surprise

急に

{急|きゅう}に means that something happened unexpectedly or quickly.

[!info] Example ==急に==電車が{現|あらわ}れた。 A train suddenly appeared.

ふと

This means "suddenly", "unexpectedly", "unintentionally". Emphasis is on the lack of intention.

[!info] Example ==ふと=={通|とお}りに1000円を{見|み}つけた。 I found 1000 yen on the street by chance.

いきなり (NEW!)

Means "suddenly". Used before a phrase containing an action. It implies something that is more surprising than with 急に, puts more emotion into it.

[!info] Examples ==いきなり=={雨|あめ}が{降|ふ}ってきた。 It suddenly started raining.

たとたん

Means "just as". Used for an action that happens just at the moment something else occurs. Can convey a nuance of something unexpected or surprising. Used with verbs in the past form (た).

[!info] Example {部屋|へや}を{掃除|そうじ}し==たとたん==、うちの{猫|ねこ}が{吐|は}いてしまった。 As soon as I cleaned my room, my cat vomited.