184 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
184 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
# Time
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## とき
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ とき</p>
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</div>
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Means "time". When used like this, means "at the time of".
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> [!info] Example
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> 行った==とき==、{誰|だれ}もいなかった。
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> When I went, no one was there.
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## 際に
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ 際に・際は</p>
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</div>
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{際|さい}に means "time", "when". More formal than とき.
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> [!info] Example
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> {家|いえ}で{入|はい}る==際に=={靴|くつ}を{脱|ぬ}いでください。
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> Please take off your shoes when entering the house.
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## ことがある
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Means "there are time when".
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Used by combining to a verb.
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> [!info] Example
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> {時々|とき|どき}パリへ行く==ことがある==。
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> I sometimes go to Paris.
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## ところ
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Means "just about to". Used when describing what we're about to do.
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Used by combining to a verb.
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> [!info] Example
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> 今ご{飯|はん}を作る==ところ==です。
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> I'm about to make dinner.
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## から～まで
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See から: [[🔰 Particles (2)#From, since]] (from).
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See まで: [[🔰 Particles (2)#まで]] (until).
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See から～まで: [[🔰 Particles (2)#から～まで]] (from... until).
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## 前に
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ 前に</p>
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</div>
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{前|まえ}に means before (time) or in front of (place).
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> [!info] Examples
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> {寝|ねる}る==前に==、レストランに行こうと思います。
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> I think I'll go to the restaurant before sleeping.
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>
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> レストランの==前に=={自転車|じ|てん|しゃ}があります。
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> There are bikes in front of the restaurant.
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## 後で
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ 後で</p>
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</div>
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{後|あと}で means after or later.
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⚠ Only works with the past form of verbs!
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> [!info] Example
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> 食べた==後で==、寝ます。
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> After eating, I'll go to sleep.
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## ころ・ごろ
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ ごろ</p>
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</div>
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Means "around" or "about".
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> [!info] Example
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> 午後８時==ごろ==来てください。
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> Please come around 8PM.
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い/な-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ ころ</p>
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</div>
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Means "when".
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> [!info] Example
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> {子供|こども}の==ころ==、毎日{公園|こうえん}で{遊|あそ}んだ。
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> When I was a kid, I played every day at the park.
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## までに
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This indicates a time limit for the action, similar to "by".
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> [!info] Example
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> {来週|らい|しゅう}==までに=={終|お}わってください。
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> Please finish by next week.
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## ぶりに
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ ぶりに~する</p>
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</div>
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ ぶり + の</p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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Means "for the first time in duration". Used for long times (can be a psychologically perceived one).
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Used with nouns measuring time.
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> [!info] Example
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> ３{年|ねん}==ぶりに==ブラジルを{戻|もど}ります。
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> For the first time in 3 years, I'm returning to Brazil.
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## から〜にかけて
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Means "through", "from... until". Indicates that something happens over a period of time.
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> [!info] Example
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> {朝|あさ}==から=={夜|よる}==にかかて==ゲームしたい。
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> I want to play games from morning to night.
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## 上で
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ 上で</p>
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</div>
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{上|うえ}で means "after", "upon". Shows a logical progression. Mostly used in formal situations.
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> [!info] Examples
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> {面接|めんせつ}の==上で==、{連絡|れんらく}します。
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> We will contact you after the interview.
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