134 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
134 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
# Obligation
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## が必要・必要がある
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Means "needed" or "necessary".
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が{必要|ひつよう} is used mainly with nouns (can be used with verbs by appending こと before).
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{必要|ひつよう}がある is used with verbs.
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> [!info] Example
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> {今時|いまどき}、{携帯電話|けいたいでんわ}==が必要です==。
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> Nowadays, a cell phone is necessary.
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>
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> 今日はパン{屋|や}に行く==必要がない==。
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> No need to go to the bakery today.
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## わけにはいかない
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Used with verbs for a meaning of "cannot do" (which cannot be your inability, but an external factor).
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Used with verbs in negative form (ない) for a meaning of "cannot be avoided".
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Can be used as わけはいかない or わけにはいきません.
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> [!info] Example
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> {今日|きょう}の{弟|おとうと}の{誕生日|たんじょうび}に行か==ないわけにはいかない==だから、{飲|の}み{会|かい}に行かない。
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> There's no way I don't go to my younger brother's birthday today, so I won't go to the afterwork.
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>
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> {本当|ほんとう}に飲み会に行く==わけにはいかない==よ。
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> There's really no way I can go to the afterwork.
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## なくてもいい
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Means "don't have to". Used with a verb in the negative form (ない), appending なくてもいい.
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Can also be used as なくていい.
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> [!info] Example
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> 今日はレストランで{手伝|て|つ}わ==なくてもいい==。
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> You don't have to help out at the restaurant today (it's okay if you don't help at the restaurant today).
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## てからでないと
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Means "must first do". The second part becomes possible after the first one.
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Used with a verb in て form, with からでないと or からでないければ.
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> [!info] Example
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> {払|はら}==ってからでないと=={入|はい}るができること。
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> You can enter only after paying.
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## こと as "should do"
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### こと
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ こと</p>
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</div>
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Means "should do". Mostly used to set rules.
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> [!info] Example
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> ここに{車|くるま}を{止|と}めない==こと==です。
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> Don't park your car here.
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### ことになっている
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This form is used to express rules or expectations.
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Used with dictionary (る) and negative (ない) form of verbs.
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> [!info] Examples
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> {指|ゆび}で食べない==ことになっている==。
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> You're not supposed to eat with your fingers.
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### ことはない
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This has two meanings:
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* it is not necessary to
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* it never happens
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Used with a verb in the dictionary form.
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> [!info] Example
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> {走|はし}る==ことはない==。まだ{時間|じかん}がある。
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> There's no need to run. There's still time.
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## 必ず
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{必|かなら}ず means certainly, definitely. Expresses an obligation.
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> [!info] Example
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> 明日の{授業|じゅ|ぎょう}==必ず==来てください。
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> Please be sure to attend tomorrow's class.
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## べき
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### べきだ
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Means "should do", "must do". Compared to the [[Obligation - なければ・ないと]] forms and 必ず, it has a nuance of being less universally logical. It is defined by the speaker's own logic.
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Used with verbs.
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する can be used as するべき or すべき.
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> [!info] Example
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> {来週|らいしゅう}{試験|しけん}があるので{勉強|べんきょう}す==べきです==。
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> There is an exam next week, so I should study.
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### べきではない・べきじゃない
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The contrary of べきだ is べきではない・べきじゃない.
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> [!info] Example
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> {泥|どろ}を食べる==べきではない==。
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> You should not eat mud.
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## はずだ・はずがない
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ はずだ ・ はずがない</p>
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</div>
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はずだ means "it must/should be", while はずがない means "it cannot be". Has a nuance of being sure that it is something possible (or impossible).
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> [!info] Examples
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> {彼|かれ}は今日来る==はずだ==。
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> He should be coming today.
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>
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> そんあ==はずがありません==。
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> This cannot be true.
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