4.4 KiB
Considering - for - as
としては
Means "as", "in the role of". The と particle implies a result. Used with nouns.
[!info] Example 田中さんは{父|ちち}==として==は{最低|さいてい}です。 As a father, Tanaka-san is the worst.
にしては
Means "considering", "for". The に particle implies a simultaneous existence. Used with verbs and nouns.
[!info] Example
としても
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82-toshitemo-meaning/ https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82
にしても
Means "even if", "even though".
[!info] Example それ==にしても==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けてくください。 Still, please be careful.
https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/42387/what-is-the-difference-between-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF-and-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/762/%ef%bd%9e%e3%81%ab%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%af-vs-%ef%bd%9e%e3%81%a8%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%af
にしたがって
V (る)
N
+ にしたがって・にしたがい
In accordance
Another difference is,
(A) にしたがい ( = ni shitagai) (B) also means “following”/ “ in accordance with” which has nothing to do with change.
In this usage, you can express your will / intention with the following verb.
noun + にしたがって ( = ni shitagatte) / にしたがい ( = ni shitagai) + what is going to happen/ what you are going to do
Ex. ルールに従ってください。
= Ruuru ni shitagatte kudasai.
= Please follow the rules.
Gradual change
(A) (noun / verb) + につれて/つれ ( = ni tsurete /tsure) / にしたがって/したがい ( = ni shitagatte / shitagai) /にともなって/ともない ( = ni tomonatte / tomonai) / とともに ( = to tomoni) + (B) →As (A) changes, (B) changes gradually as well.
Ex. 夏が近づくにつれて / したがって日が長くなってきた。
= Natsu ga chikazuku ni tsurete/shitagatte hi ga nagaku nattekita.
= As summer approaches, the days are getting longer.
A: Summer is approaching. (change)
B: The days are getting longer. (gradual change)
(A) causes (B) / (A) influences (B)
As you can see ～につれて / つれ ( = ~ ni tsurete / tsure) and にしたがって / したがい ( = ~ ni shitagatte / shitagai) are interchangeable when the main verb expresses the gradual change.
They are both literal expressions so you often use them to describe natural phenomena or social situations but I would say ～につれて/つれ ( = ni tsurete/tsure) are slightly more common thus you use them for your personal stuff more.
You can use にしたがい ( = ni shitagai)・したがって ( = shitagatte) but ～につれて/～につれ ( = ~ ni tsurete/tsure) are more natural in conversation.
as; therefore; in accordance with; according to; consequently ~
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%97%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6-ni-shitagatte-meaning/ https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6
につれて
as; in proportion to; with; as… then ~
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%a4%e3%82%8c%e3%81%a6-ni-tsurete-%e3%81%ab%e3%81%a4%e3%82%8c-ni-tsure-meaning/ https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6
と共に
と{共|とも}に means...
together with; at the same time as; as well as ~
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a8%e5%85%b1%e3%81%ab-to-tomo-ni-meaning/ https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A8%E5%85%B1%E3%81%AB