4.7 KiB
Amounts of quantification
以 prefix
{以上|い|じょう} means "above", "exceeding". {以下|い|か} means "below", "not exceeding". {以外|い|がい} means "excepting". {以内|い|ない} means "within".
Used with nouns.
[!info] Example １{時間|じかん}==以内=={終|お}わります。 It will be finished within an hour.
せいぜい
Means "at the most". Used before a noun of time or a verb.
[!info] Example ==せいぜい=={頑張|がんば}ります。 I'll do my best.
この木は==せいぜい==３{年|ねん}です。 This tree is at most 3 years old.
さらに
{更|さら}に means "even more", "more and more", "in addition to". Used with time, quantity, etc.
[!info] Example {新|あたら}しい{仕事|しごと}を{始|はじめ}めて==さらに==うれしいになりました。 I've become even happier with my new job.
別に～ない
{別|べつ}に means "not really", "not particularly". Used with words in negative form.
[!info] Example どうしてエアコンを{付|つ}きましたか。{今|いま}は==別に=={暑|あつ}==くない==よ。 Why did you turn on the AC? It's not that hot right now.
No matter how
どんなに～ても
どんなに +
V (て)
い-Adj い くても
な-Adj + でも
N + でも
Means "no matter how much". Also used as いくら~ても.
[!info] Example ==どんなに=={練習|れんしゅう}し==ても==、マラソンを{走|はし}れない。 No matter how much I train, I cannot run a marathon.
どうしても
Means "no matter what".
[!info] Example ==どうしても=={花火|はなび}に行きたい。 No matter what, I want to go see the fireworks.
Very
てしょうがない・てしかたがない
V (て)
い-Adj い くて
な-Adj + な で
+ しょうがない・しかたがない
Means both "extremely" and "can't be helped".
[!info] Example {今日|きょう}は{暑|あつ}く==てしょうがない==。 Today is extremely hot.
{隣|となり}の{会話|かいわ}は{聞|き}き==ってしょうがない==。 I can't help but to listen to the conversion next door.
なかなか
なかなか +
Adj
の + N
Means "very", "quite". See also Adverbs#なかなか～ない.
[!info] Example {今日|きょう}は==なかなか=={寒|さむ}いね。 It's quite cold today.
だけ
V (dictionary)
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N
+ だけ
Means "as much". See also Only - just#だけ.
[!info] Example 私は{払|はら}うんでだ、{飲|の}む==だけ==飲んで！ I'll be paying, so drink as much as you can!
なるべく・できるだけ
Means "as much as possible". なるべく is a bit softer than できるだけ.
[!info] Example ==なるべく=={静|しず}かにしてください。 Please be as quiet as possible.
あまり
V
N + の
+ あまり
Means "so much... that". Adjectives nominalized can be used as nouns. See Transformation#~さ adjective as noun and Transformation#~み adjective as noun.
[!info] Example おいしさの==あまり==、このレストラン{毎日|まいにち}行きたい。 The food is so delicious that I want to eat in this restaurant every day.
あまりにも
あまりに(も) +
V
Adj
あまりの +
N
Means "so much... that". A version of あまり that can also be used with adjectives.
[!info] Example {先生|せんせい}が==あまりに=={厳|きび}しくて、{私|わたし}は{泣|な}き{始|はじ}めった。 The teacher was so strict that I started to cry.