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147
🔰 Grammar/Considering - for - as.md
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147
🔰 Grammar/Considering - for - as.md
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@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
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# Considering - for - as
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## としては
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Means "as", "in the role of". The と particle implies a result.
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Used with nouns.
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> [!info] Example
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> 田中さんは{父|ちち}==として==は{最低|さいてい}です。
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> As a father, Tanaka-san is the worst.
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## にしては
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Means "considering", "for". The に particle implies a simultaneous existence.
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Used with verbs and nouns.
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> [!info] Example
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>
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## としても
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https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82-toshitemo-meaning/
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https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82
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## にしても
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Means "even if", "even though".
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> [!info] Example
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> それ==にしても==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けてくください。
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> Still, please be careful.
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https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/42387/what-is-the-difference-between-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF-and-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF
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https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/762/%ef%bd%9e%e3%81%ab%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%af-vs-%ef%bd%9e%e3%81%a8%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%af
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https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/29113/difference-between-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-and-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6
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## にしたがって
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ にしたがって・にしたがい</p>
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</div>
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### In accordance
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Another difference is,
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**(A)** にしたがい ( = ni shitagai) **(B)** also means “following”/ “ in accordance with” which has nothing to do with change.
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In this usage, you can express your will / intention with the following verb.
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noun + にしたがって ( = ni shitagatte) / にしたがい ( = ni shitagai) + what is going to happen/ what you are going to do
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Ex. ルールに従ってください。
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= Ruuru ni shitagatte kudasai.
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= Please follow the rules.
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### Gradual change
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(A) (noun / verb) + につれて/つれ ( = ni tsurete /tsure) / にしたがって/したがい ( = ni shitagatte / shitagai) /にともなって/ともない ( = ni tomonatte / tomonai) / とともに ( = to tomoni) + (B)
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→As (A) changes, (B) changes gradually as well.
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Ex. 夏が近づくにつれて / したがって日が長くなってきた。
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= Natsu ga chikazuku ni tsurete/shitagatte hi ga nagaku nattekita.
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= As summer approaches, the days are getting longer.
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A: Summer is approaching. (change)
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B: The days are getting longer. (gradual change)
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(A) causes (B) / (A) influences (B)
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As you can see ～につれて / つれ ( = ~ ni tsurete / tsure) and にしたがって / したがい ( = ~ ni shitagatte / shitagai) are interchangeable when the main verb expresses the gradual change.
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They are both literal expressions so you often use them to describe natural phenomena or social situations but I would say ～につれて/つれ ( = ni tsurete/tsure) are slightly more common thus you use them for your personal stuff more.
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You can use にしたがい ( = ni shitagai)・したがって ( = shitagatte) but ～につれて/～につれ ( = ~ ni tsurete/tsure) are more natural in conversation.
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as; therefore; in accordance with; according to; consequently ~
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https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%97%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6-ni-shitagatte-meaning/
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https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6
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## につれて
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as; in proportion to; with; as… then ~
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https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%a4%e3%82%8c%e3%81%a6-ni-tsurete-%e3%81%ab%e3%81%a4%e3%82%8c-ni-tsure-meaning/
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https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6
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|
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>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
|
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https://maggiesensei.com/2021/02/28/how-to-use-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%82%8C%EF%BC%88%E3%81%A6%EF%BC%89-%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%EF%BC%88%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%EF%BC%89-%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA/
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## と共に
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と{共|とも}に means...
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together with; at the same time as; as well as ~
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https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a8%e5%85%b1%e3%81%ab-to-tomo-ni-meaning/
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https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A8%E5%85%B1%E3%81%AB
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|
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https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/84584/difference-between-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6-and-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6
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https://nihongonosato.com/jlpt/n2-grammar/n2-totomoni/
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81
🔰 Grammar/Opposition - although.md
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81
🔰 Grammar/Opposition - although.md
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@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
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# Opposition - although
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## に反して
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に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
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> [!info] Example
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> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
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> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
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## 割に
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ 割に</p>
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</div>
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{割|わり}に means "considering A, B", "although".
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> [!info] Example
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> このマンションは{古|ふる}い==割に=={高|たか}いです。
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> This apartment is expensive considering how old it is.
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## ことは～が
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ が</p>
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</div>
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ が</p>
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</div>
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ が</p>
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</div>
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⚠ It must be the same verb or adjective at both end!
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Means "although".
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> [!info] Example
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||||
> {勉強|べんきょう}する==ことは==する==が==、まだ{下手|へた}です。
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> Although I study everyday, I'm still bad at it.
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## といっても
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Means "although". Puts a nuance to the first statement describing that it is not as much as imagined, and adds a complimentary information.
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> [!info] Example
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> {彼|かれ}は{医者|いしゃ}==といっても==、あまり{頭|あたま}が{良|よ}くない。
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> He may be a doctor, but he is not very smart.
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## に対して
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に{対|たい}して.
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See [[Towards#In contrast to]].
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55
🔰 Grammar/Opposition - but - however.md
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55
🔰 Grammar/Opposition - but - however.md
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@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
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## Opposition : but, however
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## が
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Between two sentences, it has the meaning of "but".
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> [!info] Example
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> この{建物|たてもの}は大きいです==が==、トイレは{一|ひと}つだけあります。
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> This building is huge but has only one toilet.
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## でも
|
||||
|
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This is the basic way to say "but".
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|
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> [!info] Example
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> コンビニに行きました。==でも==、何も買わなかった。
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> I went to the convenience store. But I didn't buy anything.
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|
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⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
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## しかし
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This is similar to でも, meaning "however", but usually more formal and most commonly found in written form.
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|
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> [!info] Example
|
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> {戦争|せん|そう}は{悪|わる}いこと。==しかし==、{人類|じん|るい}はいつも{戦|たたか}っています
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> War is bad. However, humanity is always fighting.
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## けど・けれども
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Means "but". Contrary to でも (which is more stand-alone), this links two clauses. The second clause can also be implicit and not said.
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けれども is more formal than けど.
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> [!info] Example
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> {外|そと}は{暑|あつ}い==けど==行きたい。
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> It's hot outside but I'd still like to go.
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It can also be used to soften your assertion.
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|
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> [!info] Example
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> {明日|あした}に行きたい==けど==。
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> I'd like to go tomorrow... (but I don't want to cause any inconvenience).
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## (ん・の)(だけど・ですけど)
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Means "but", "however".
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の is more formal than ん, and ですけど is more formal than だけど.
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|
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> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {手伝|てつだ}いたい==んですけど=={暇|ひま}はない。
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> I'd like to help but I don't have time.
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## Summing up
|
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🛠 Todo.
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@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
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# Connectors: even if, even though
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# Opposition: even if, even though
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## て-form: even if
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See [[TeF (4) - even if]].
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## のに
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@ -31,52 +35,6 @@ Means "despite", "even tough". Has a negative connotation.
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> {掃除|そうじ}すると言った==くせに==、まだ{汚|きたな}いよ。
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> You said you would clean it up, but it's still dirty.
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## として
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as; in the role of ~
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|
||||
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a8%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6-toshite-meaning/
|
||||
https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6
|
||||
|
||||
## にしては
|
||||
|
||||
Means "considering". The nuance is that
|
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Used with verbs and nouns.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
for; considering it’s (something or someone)
|
||||
|
||||
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%97%e3%81%a6%e3%81%af-ni-shite-wa-meaning/
|
||||
https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF
|
||||
|
||||
## にしても
|
||||
|
||||
Means "even if", "even though".
|
||||
🛠 nuance?
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> それ==にしても==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けてくください。
|
||||
> Still, please be careful.
|
||||
|
||||
## さえ (nouns)
|
||||
|
||||
🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠
|
||||
Means "even".
|
||||
Can be emphasized by used でさえ, and reemphasized with でさえも.
|
||||
Used with a noun.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
## さえ (verbs)
|
||||
|
||||
🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠
|
||||
even; so much as; not even
|
||||
|
||||
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%95%e3%81%88-sae-%e3%81%a7%e3%81%95%e3%81%88%e3%82%82-meaning/
|
||||
https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%95%E3%81%88
|
||||
|
||||
## たとえ～ても
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
@ -108,7 +66,6 @@ Means "even if X is the case". Used to present possibilities.
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Means "even if", "even though".
|
||||
🛠 nuance?
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {今|いま}で行==ったって==、{間|ま}に{合|あ}わない。
|
||||
@ -142,7 +99,46 @@ It is used to talk about an unexpected result, that is contradictory to the prec
|
||||
> {自転車|じてんしゃ}の{乗|の}り{方|かた}を{忘|わす}れるはありえないと{思|おも}っていた。==ところが==すっかり{忘|わす}れた。
|
||||
> I thought it was impossible to forget how to ride a bike. However, I completely forgot.
|
||||
|
||||
## ながらも
|
||||
|
||||
Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else.
|
||||
See also [[Time#ながら]].
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
|
||||
> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
|
||||
|
||||
## Summing up
|
||||
|
||||
🛠 To do.
|
||||
See also [[TeF (4) - even if]].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO
|
||||
|
||||
## さえ (nouns)
|
||||
|
||||
Means "even".
|
||||
Can be emphasized by used でさえ, and reemphasized with でさえも.
|
||||
Used with a noun.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
## さえ (verbs)
|
||||
|
||||
Means "".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
even; so much as; not even
|
||||
|
||||
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%95%e3%81%88-sae-%e3%81%a7%e3%81%95%e3%81%88%e3%82%82-meaning/
|
||||
https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%95%E3%81%88
|
||||
@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
|
||||
# Opposition
|
||||
|
||||
## が
|
||||
|
||||
Between two sentences, it has the meaning of "but".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> この{建物|たてもの}は大きいです==が==、トイレは{一|ひと}つだけあります。
|
||||
> This building is huge but has only one toilet.
|
||||
|
||||
## でも
|
||||
|
||||
This is the basic way to say "but".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> コンビニに行きました。==でも==、何も買わなかった。
|
||||
> I went to the convenience store. But I didn't buy anything.
|
||||
|
||||
⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
|
||||
|
||||
## しかし
|
||||
|
||||
This is similar to でも, meaning "however", but usually more formal and most commonly found in written form.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {戦争|せん|そう}は{悪|わる}いこと。==しかし==、{人類|じん|るい}はいつも{戦|たたか}っています
|
||||
> War is bad. However, humanity is always fighting.
|
||||
|
||||
## けど・けれども
|
||||
|
||||
Contrary to でも (which is more stand-alone), this links two clauses. The second clause can also be implicit and not said.
|
||||
けれども is more formal than けど.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {外|そと}は{暑|あつ}い==けど==行きたい。
|
||||
> It's hot outside but I'd still like to go.
|
||||
|
||||
It can also be used to soften your assertion.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {明日|あした}に行きたい==けど==。
|
||||
> I'd like to go tomorrow... (but I don't want to cause any inconvenience).
|
||||
|
||||
## (ん・の)(だけど・ですけど)
|
||||
|
||||
Means "but", "however".
|
||||
の is more formal than ん, and ですけど is more formal than だけど.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {手伝|てつだ}いたい==んですけど=={暇|ひま}はない。
|
||||
> I'd like to help but I don't have time.
|
||||
|
||||
## に反して
|
||||
|
||||
に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
|
||||
> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
|
||||
|
||||
## ながらも
|
||||
|
||||
Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else.
|
||||
See also [[Time#ながら]].
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
|
||||
> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
|
||||
|
||||
## 割に
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p class="right">+ 割に</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
{割|わり}に means "considering A, B", "although".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> このマンションは{古|ふる}い==割に=={高|たか}いです。
|
||||
> This apartment is expensive considering how old it is.
|
||||
|
||||
## ことは～が
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p class="r">+ が</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p class="r">+ が</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p class="r">+ が</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
⚠ It must be the same verb or adjective at both end!
|
||||
|
||||
Means "although".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {勉強|べんきょう}する==ことは==する==が==、まだ{下手|へた}です。
|
||||
> Although I study everyday, I'm still bad at it.
|
||||
|
||||
## といっても
|
||||
|
||||
Means "although". Puts a nuance to the first statement describing that it is not as much as imagined, and adds a complimentary information.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {彼|かれ}は{医者|いしゃ}==といっても==、あまり{頭|あたま}が{良|よ}くない。
|
||||
> He may be a doctor, but he is not very smart.
|
||||
|
||||
## に対して
|
||||
|
||||
に{対|たい}して.
|
||||
See [[Towards#In contrast to]].
|
||||
|
||||
## Summing up
|
||||
|
||||
🛠 Todo.
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user