First batch of N3 notions.
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.obsidian/snippets/usage.css
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.obsidian/snippets/usage.css
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@ -37,3 +37,19 @@
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margin-left: 0.25rem;
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margin-right: 0.25rem;
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}
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.usage .ileft {
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padding-left: 1.7rem;
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background-image: linear-gradient(black, black), linear-gradient(black, black);
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background-repeat: no-repeat;
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background-size: 8px 2px;
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background-position: top left, bottom left;
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border-left: solid black;
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border-width: 0 2px;
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}
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.usage .iright {
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padding-right: 1rem;
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}
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@ -52,15 +52,6 @@ Means "to reach a point". Used with verbs.
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> この本{全部|ぜんぶ}{分|わ}かる==ようになった==。
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> I've come to understand all of this book.
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## ようにする
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Means "to try to", "to make sure to".
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Used with a verb.
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> [!info] Example
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> 毎日に{朝|あさ}ご{飯|はん}を食べる==ようとします==。
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> I'll try to eat a breakfast everyday.
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## に気がつく
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<div class="usage">
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@ -114,3 +105,31 @@ Means "too much", "exceeding".
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> [!info] Example
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> {昨晩|さく|ばん}に{飲|の}み==すぎて=={頭|あたま}が{痛|いた}い。
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> I drank too much last night and my head hurts.
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## Try to
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### ようにする
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Means "to try to", "to make sure to". It's more of an assertion than ようとする.
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Used with a verb.
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> [!info] Example
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> 毎日に{朝|あさ}ご{飯|はん}を食べる==ようとします==。
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> I'll try to eat a breakfast everyday.
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### ようとする・ようとしない
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Means "try to", "attempt to" (or not, in the negative form). It's more of an attempt than with ようにする.
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Used with the volitional form of verbs (よう).
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> [!info] Example
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> 出かけ==ようとした==時、電話が{鳴|な}ってた。
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> At the time I was trying to go out, the phone rang.
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>
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> さっき店に{入|はい}==ろうとしたら==が、ドアが{閉|し}まってしまいました。
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> I tried to enter the shop earlier, but the door was closed...
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>
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> 彼は{運動|うんどう}し==ようとしない==。
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> He doesn't try to exercise.
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⚠ Not used in negative form to talk about oneself.
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@ -41,5 +41,60 @@ This form is used with a verb in the negative form (ない).
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> 雨だから、==なかなか==タクシーが来てい==ません==。
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> Because of the rain, it's not easy to get a taxi.
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>
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> ==なかなか==お酒止めるでき==ない==。
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> ==なかなか==お{酒|さけ}止めるでき==ない==。
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> It is not easy to stop drinking.
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## 一体
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{一体|いったい} is used to make an emphasis when something is surprising, confusing, etc.
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> [!info] Example
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> ==いったい=={誰|だれ}がそんあことをしたか。
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> Who in the world would do something like this?
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## まるで
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<div class="usage">
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<p class="iright">まるで + </p>
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<div class="ileft">
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<p><span class="box">V + よう・みたい</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + のよう・みたい</span></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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Means "as if".
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> [!info] Example
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> え、{中古|ちゅうこ}ですね。==まるで=={新規|しんき}の==よう==です。
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> Eh, it's second-hand? It looks like new.
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## むしろ
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Means "instead" or "rather".
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> [!info] Example
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> ==むしろ=={自転車|じてんしゃ}で行こうと思います。
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> I think I'd rather go by bike.
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## もう
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Means "already".
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> [!info] Example
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> ==もう==出ちゃった。
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> They already left.
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## すでに
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Means "already". More formal than もう, implies that something is too late and cannot be changed.
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> [!info] Example
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> {遅|おそ}く{起|お}きたので==すでに==バスは{出発|しゅっぱつ}してしまった。
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> I woke up late, so the bus already left.
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## すなわち
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Means "in other words".
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> [!info] Example
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> この{映画|えいが}は１２０分、==すなわち==２時です。
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@ -1,18 +1,6 @@
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# Connectors (conjunctions)
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## ばかり
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Means "only" or "nothing but", and can convey surprise or negative judgment depending on the context.
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Used with nouns and verbs.
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> [!info] Examples
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> この{国|くに}の{春|はる}は雨==ばかり==だ！
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> In this country, there's nothing but rain in spring.
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>
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> うちの{子供|こども}はテレビ==ばかり==見てる。
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> My child does nothing but watching TV.
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## だけで
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## Just by: だけで
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Means "just by doing".
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Used with nouns and verbs.
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@ -21,7 +9,7 @@ Used with nouns and verbs.
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> 会う==だけで=={幸|しあわ}せになる。
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> Just by meeting you, I get happy.
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## 又は
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## Or, both: 又は
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{又|また}は can be used for two things:
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* choosing between two options ("or")
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@ -31,14 +19,6 @@ Used with nouns and verbs.
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> 日本語==又は==英語でしゃべれます。
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> I can speak both Japanese and English.
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## それでも
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Means "but still", "even so", "anyway".
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> [!info] Example
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> 雨が{降|ふ}っていた、==それでも==出かけていた。
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> It was raining, but I still went out.
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## のに
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### Even tough
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@ -71,3 +51,27 @@ Used with a verb (dictionary).
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## And: そして, それから, それに, それで
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See [[Listing#Connecting sentences]].
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## Well then: さて
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Used to change to topic of the conversation, or to a new element. Translates to "well (then)" or "now".
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> [!info] Example
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> ==さて==、食べようか。
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> Well then, shall we eat?
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## By the way: ところで
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Used to introduce a new topic of conversation. Translates to "by the way".
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> [!info] Example
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> ==ところで==、車の{修理|しゅうり}はどう。
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> By the way, how are the repairs for your car?
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## Certainly: 確かに
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{確|たし}かに means "surely", "certainly".
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> [!info] Example
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> この{歌|うた}は==確かに=={面白|おも|しろ}そうだ。
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> This song certainly sounds interesting.
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@ -1,29 +1,4 @@
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# Possibility and obligation
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## でも
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Used to list one or more possible options.
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> [!info] Example
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> ジュース==でも==お茶==でも==飲もうか。
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> Shall we drink something like a juice or tea?
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## かもしれない
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Express a possibility, like "perhaps".
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By order of politeness: かもしれません > かもしれない > かも.
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> [!info] Example
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> 今日も来る==かもしれない==。
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> He might come today too.
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## かどうか
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Means "whether or not".
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> [!info] Example
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> 行きたい==かどうか=={分|わ}からない。
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> I'm not sure if I want to go or not.
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# Possibility - obligation
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## はずだ・はずがない
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@ -46,22 +21,6 @@ Means "whether or not".
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> そんあ==はずがありません==。
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> This cannot be true.
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## ぜひ
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Means certainly, definitely. Expresses a wish.
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> [!info] Example
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> この{映画|えい|が}==ぜひ==見ます。
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> I'll watch this movie for sure.
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## きっと
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Means surely, almost certainly. Express an expectation.
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> [!info] Example
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> ==きっと==雨でしょう。
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> It will surely rain.
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## 必ず
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{必|かなら}ず means certainly, definitely. Expresses an obligation.
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@ -69,13 +28,3 @@ Means surely, almost certainly. Express an expectation.
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> [!info] Example
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> 明日の{授業|じゅ|ぎょう}==必ず==来てください。
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> Please be sure to attend tomorrow's class.
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## ことができる
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Means "can", "able to".
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It has the same meaning as the potential form (see Conjugation [[Basics]]).
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食べる => 食べられる = 食べることができる.
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> [!info] Example
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> {英語|えいご}を{話|はな}す==ことが出来ない==。
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> I cannot speak English.
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🔰 Grammar/Possibility - expectation.md
Normal file
9
🔰 Grammar/Possibility - expectation.md
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@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
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# Possibility - expectation
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## きっと
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Means surely, almost certainly. Express an expectation.
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> [!info] Example
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> ==きっと==雨でしょう。
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> It will surely rain.
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🔰 Grammar/Possibility - wish.md
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9
🔰 Grammar/Possibility - wish.md
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# Possibility - Wish
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## ぜひ
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Means certainly, definitely. Expresses a wish.
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> [!info] Example
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> この{映画|えい|が}==ぜひ==見ます。
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> I'll watch this movie for sure.
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ This form is used for yourself when you want to do something. It can be conjugat
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</div>
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This form is used to express that someone else wants to do something.
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See also [[Observation - Description#がる・がっている]].
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See also [[Observation - tendency - feelings#がる・がっている]].
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> [!info] Examples
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> {彼女|かのじょ}は毎日{練習|れんしゅう}し==たがった==。
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@ -3,7 +3,18 @@
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## ないで
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Means "without doing". Formed with a verb in the negative tense (ない).
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It is a bit more casual than ずに.
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> [!info] Example
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> {勉強|べんきょう}し==ないで=={卒業|そつぎょう}した。
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> I graduated without studying.
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## ずに
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Means "without doing". Formed with a verb in the negative tense (ない) by removing the -ない stem and adding ずに.
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する transforms to せずに.
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It is a bit more formal than ないで.
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> [!info] Example
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> 毎日食べ==ずに==出かける。
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> Everyday, I go out without eating.
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@ -47,22 +47,32 @@ These two particles are frequently used together. It means "from X to Y".
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> {朝|あさ}に６時==から==７時==まで==電車で{通|かよ}うっています。
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> I commute by train from 6am to 7am.
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## だけ
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Means "only", "just".
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> [!info] Example
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> {一|ひと}つ==だけ==ください。
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> Only one, please.
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### だけで
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Means "just by doing".
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> [!info] Example
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> 見る==だけ==で{楽|たの}しいですね。
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> 見る==だけで=={楽|たの}しいですね。
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> Just looking at it is fun, isn't it.
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## っけ
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> かった</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ・だった</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + だ・だった</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ っけ</p>
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</div>
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Used when the speaker tries to remember, or confirm an information, that has been forgotten.
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> [!info] Example
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> {会議|かいぎ}は今日だった==っけ==。
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> Was the meeting today?
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## Sentence ending
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At the end of a sentence, some particles can be added to put emphasis on a meaning.
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