diff --git a/.obsidian/snippets/usage.css b/.obsidian/snippets/usage.css index bbc94c7..341b684 100644 --- a/.obsidian/snippets/usage.css +++ b/.obsidian/snippets/usage.css @@ -36,4 +36,20 @@ .usage .r { margin-left: 0.25rem; margin-right: 0.25rem; +} + +.usage .ileft { + padding-left: 1.7rem; + + background-image: linear-gradient(black, black), linear-gradient(black, black); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-size: 8px 2px; + background-position: top left, bottom left; + + border-left: solid black; + border-width: 0 2px; +} + +.usage .iright { + padding-right: 1rem; } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Actions.md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Actions.md index d376a85..ccf3fde 100644 --- a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Actions.md +++ b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Actions.md @@ -52,15 +52,6 @@ Means "to reach a point". Used with verbs. > ใ“ใฎๆœฌ{ๅ…จ้ƒจ|ใœใ‚“ใถ}{ๅˆ†|ใ‚}ใ‹ใ‚‹==ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใŸ==ใ€‚ > I've come to understand all of this book. -## ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ - -Means "to try to", "to make sure to". -Used with a verb. - -> [!info] Example -> ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใซ{ๆœ|ใ‚ใ•}ใ”{้ฃฏ|ใฏใ‚“}ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹==ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™==ใ€‚ -> I'll try to eat a breakfast everyday. - ## ใซๆฐ—ใŒใคใ
@@ -114,3 +105,31 @@ Means "too much", "exceeding". > [!info] Example > {ๆ˜จๆ™ฉ|ใ•ใ|ใฐใ‚“}ใซ{้ฃฒ|ใฎ}ใฟ==ใ™ใŽใฆ=={้ ญ|ใ‚ใŸใพ}ใŒ{็—›|ใ„ใŸ}ใ„ใ€‚ > I drank too much last night and my head hurts. + +## Try to + +### ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ + +Means "to try to", "to make sure to". It's more of an assertion than ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹. +Used with a verb. + +> [!info] Example +> ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใซ{ๆœ|ใ‚ใ•}ใ”{้ฃฏ|ใฏใ‚“}ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹==ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™==ใ€‚ +> I'll try to eat a breakfast everyday. + +### ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใƒปใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„ + +Means "try to", "attempt to" (or not, in the negative form). It's more of an attempt than with ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹. +Used with the volitional form of verbs (ใ‚ˆใ†). + +> [!info] Example +> ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘==ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸ==ๆ™‚ใ€้›ป่ฉฑใŒ{้ณด|ใช}ใฃใฆใŸใ€‚ +> At the time I was trying to go out, the phone rang. +> +> ใ•ใฃใๅบ—ใซ{ๅ…ฅ|ใฏใ„}==ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰==ใŒใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใŒ{้–‰|ใ—}ใพใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ +> I tried to enter the shop earlier, but the door was closed... +> +> ๅฝผใฏ{้‹ๅ‹•|ใ†ใ‚“ใฉใ†}ใ—==ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„==ใ€‚ +> He doesn't try to exercise. + +โš  Not used in negative form to talk about oneself. diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Adverbs.md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Adverbs.md index dceaf0d..a23cbfc 100644 --- a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Adverbs.md +++ b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Adverbs.md @@ -41,5 +41,60 @@ This form is used with a verb in the negative form (ใชใ„). > ้›จใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€==ใชใ‹ใชใ‹==ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใŒๆฅใฆใ„==ใพใ›ใ‚“==ใ€‚ > Because of the rain, it's not easy to get a taxi. > -> ==ใชใ‹ใชใ‹==ใŠ้…’ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ==ใชใ„==ใ€‚ +> ==ใชใ‹ใชใ‹==ใŠ{้…’|ใ•ใ‘}ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ==ใชใ„==ใ€‚ > It is not easy to stop drinking. + +## ไธ€ไฝ“ + +{ไธ€ไฝ“|ใ„ใฃใŸใ„} is used to make an emphasis when something is surprising, confusing, etc. + +> [!info] Example +> ==ใ„ใฃใŸใ„=={่ชฐ|ใ ใ‚Œ}ใŒใใ‚“ใ‚ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚ +> Who in the world would do something like this? + +## ใพใ‚‹ใง + +
+

ใพใ‚‹ใง +

+
+

V + ใ‚ˆใ†ใƒปใฟใŸใ„

+

N + ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใƒปใฟใŸใ„

+
+
+ +Means "as if". + +> [!info] Example +> ใˆใ€{ไธญๅค|ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ“}ใงใ™ใญใ€‚==ใพใ‚‹ใง=={ๆ–ฐ่ฆ|ใ—ใ‚“ใ}ใฎ==ใ‚ˆใ†==ใงใ™ใ€‚ +> Eh, it's second-hand? It looks like new. + +## ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ + +Means "instead" or "rather". + +> [!info] Example +> ==ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚=={่‡ช่ปข่ปŠ|ใ˜ใฆใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ}ใง่กŒใ“ใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ +> I think I'd rather go by bike. + +## ใ‚‚ใ† + +Means "already". + +> [!info] Example +> ==ใ‚‚ใ†==ๅ‡บใกใ‚ƒใฃใŸใ€‚ +> They already left. + +## ใ™ใงใซ + +Means "already". More formal than ใ‚‚ใ†, implies that something is too late and cannot be changed. + +> [!info] Example +> {้…|ใŠใ}ใ{่ตท|ใŠ}ใใŸใฎใง==ใ™ใงใซ==ใƒใ‚นใฏ{ๅ‡บ็™บ|ใ—ใ‚…ใฃใฑใค}ใ—ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚ +> I woke up late, so the bus already left. + +## ใ™ใชใ‚ใก + +Means "in other words". + +> [!info] Example +> ใ“ใฎ{ๆ˜ ็”ป|ใˆใ„ใŒ}ใฏ๏ผ‘๏ผ’๏ผๅˆ†ใ€==ใ™ใชใ‚ใก==๏ผ’ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Connectors.md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Connectors.md index dd6f065..c68024b 100644 --- a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Connectors.md +++ b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Connectors.md @@ -1,18 +1,6 @@ # Connectors (conjunctions) -## ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š - -Means "only" or "nothing but", and can convey surprise or negative judgment depending on the context. -Used with nouns and verbs. - -> [!info] Examples -> ใ“ใฎ{ๅ›ฝ|ใใซ}ใฎ{ๆ˜ฅ|ใฏใ‚‹}ใฏ้›จ==ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š==ใ ๏ผ -> In this country, there's nothing but rain in spring. -> -> ใ†ใกใฎ{ๅญไพ›|ใ“ใฉใ‚‚}ใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“==ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š==่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ€‚ -> My child does nothing but watching TV. - -## ใ ใ‘ใง +## Just by: ใ ใ‘ใง Means "just by doing". Used with nouns and verbs. @@ -21,7 +9,7 @@ Used with nouns and verbs. > ไผšใ†==ใ ใ‘ใง=={ๅนธ|ใ—ใ‚ใ‚}ใ›ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚ > Just by meeting you, I get happy. -## ๅˆใฏ +## Or, both: ๅˆใฏ {ๅˆ|ใพใŸ}ใฏ can be used for two things: * choosing between two options ("or") @@ -31,14 +19,6 @@ Used with nouns and verbs. > ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž==ๅˆใฏ==่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ > I can speak both Japanese and English. -## ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ - -Means "but still", "even so", "anyway". - -> [!info] Example -> ้›จใŒ{้™|ใต}ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€==ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚==ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ -> It was raining, but I still went out. - ## ใฎใซ ### Even tough @@ -70,4 +50,28 @@ Used with a verb (dictionary). ## And: ใใ—ใฆ, ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰, ใใ‚Œใซ, ใใ‚Œใง -See [[Listing#Connecting sentences]]. \ No newline at end of file +See [[Listing#Connecting sentences]]. + +## Well then: ใ•ใฆ + +Used to change to topic of the conversation, or to a new element. Translates to "well (then)" or "now". + +> [!info] Example +> ==ใ•ใฆ==ใ€้ฃŸในใ‚ˆใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ +> Well then, shall we eat? + +## By the way: ใจใ“ใ‚ใง + +Used to introduce a new topic of conversation. Translates to "by the way". + +> [!info] Example +> ==ใจใ“ใ‚ใง==ใ€่ปŠใฎ{ไฟฎ็†|ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Š}ใฏใฉใ†ใ€‚ +> By the way, how are the repairs for your car? + +## Certainly: ็ขบใ‹ใซ + +{็ขบ|ใŸใ—}ใ‹ใซ means "surely", "certainly". + +> [!info] Example +> ใ“ใฎ{ๆญŒ|ใ†ใŸ}ใฏ==็ขบใ‹ใซ=={้ข็™ฝ|ใŠใ‚‚|ใ—ใ‚}ใใ†ใ ใ€‚ +> This song certainly sounds interesting. diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Possibility - Obligation.md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Possibility - Obligation.md index 4f65187..0ae875d 100644 --- a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Possibility - Obligation.md +++ b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Possibility - Obligation.md @@ -1,29 +1,4 @@ -# Possibility and obligation - -## ใงใ‚‚ - -Used to list one or more possible options. - -> [!info] Example -> ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใ‚น==ใงใ‚‚==ใŠ่Œถ==ใงใ‚‚==้ฃฒใ‚‚ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ -> Shall we drink something like a juice or tea? - -## ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ - -Express a possibility, like "perhaps". -By order of politeness: ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ > ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ > ใ‹ใ‚‚. - -> [!info] Example -> ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚‚ๆฅใ‚‹==ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„==ใ€‚ -> He might come today too. - -## ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ - -Means "whether or not". - -> [!info] Example -> ่กŒใใŸใ„==ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹=={ๅˆ†|ใ‚}ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ -> I'm not sure if I want to go or not. +# Possibility - obligation ## ใฏใšใ ใƒปใฏใšใŒใชใ„ @@ -46,22 +21,6 @@ Means "whether or not". > ใใ‚“ใ‚==ใฏใšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“==ใ€‚ > This cannot be true. -## ใœใฒ - -Means certainly, definitely. Expresses a wish. - -> [!info] Example -> ใ“ใฎ{ๆ˜ ็”ป|ใˆใ„|ใŒ}==ใœใฒ==่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ€‚ -> I'll watch this movie for sure. - -## ใใฃใจ - -Means surely, almost certainly. Express an expectation. - -> [!info] Example -> ==ใใฃใจ==้›จใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ -> It will surely rain. - ## ๅฟ…ใš {ๅฟ…|ใ‹ใชใ‚‰}ใš means certainly, definitely. Expresses an obligation. @@ -69,13 +28,3 @@ Means surely, almost certainly. Express an expectation. > [!info] Example > ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎ{ๆŽˆๆฅญ|ใ˜ใ‚…|ใŽใ‚‡ใ†}==ๅฟ…ใš==ๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ > Please be sure to attend tomorrow's class. - -## ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ - -Means "can", "able to". -It has the same meaning as the potential form (see Conjugation [[Basics]]). -้ฃŸในใ‚‹ => ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ = ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹. - -> [!info] Example -> {่‹ฑ่ชž|ใˆใ„ใ”}ใ‚’{่ฉฑ|ใฏใช}ใ™==ใ“ใจใŒๅ‡บๆฅใชใ„==ใ€‚ -> I cannot speak English. diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Possibility - expectation.md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Possibility - expectation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6c8fb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Possibility - expectation.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Possibility - expectation + +## ใใฃใจ + +Means surely, almost certainly. Express an expectation. + +> [!info] Example +> ==ใใฃใจ==้›จใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ +> It will surely rain. diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Possibility - wish.md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Possibility - wish.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..78891e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Possibility - wish.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Possibility - Wish + +## ใœใฒ + +Means certainly, definitely. Expresses a wish. + +> [!info] Example +> ใ“ใฎ{ๆ˜ ็”ป|ใˆใ„|ใŒ}==ใœใฒ==่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ€‚ +> I'll watch this movie for sure. diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Wanting.md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Wanting.md index aeaa372..f710c03 100644 --- a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Wanting.md +++ b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Wanting.md @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ This form is used for yourself when you want to do something. It can be conjugat
This form is used to express that someone else wants to do something. -See also [[Observation - Description#ใŒใ‚‹ใƒปใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹]]. +See also [[Observation - tendency - feelings#ใŒใ‚‹ใƒปใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹]]. > [!info] Examples > {ๅฝผๅฅณ|ใ‹ใฎใ˜ใ‚‡}ใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅ{็ทด็ฟ’|ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†}ใ—==ใŸใŒใฃใŸ==ใ€‚ diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Without.md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Without.md index 8c99c0f..9848995 100644 --- a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Without.md +++ b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Without.md @@ -3,7 +3,18 @@ ## ใชใ„ใง Means "without doing". Formed with a verb in the negative tense (ใชใ„). +It is a bit more casual than ใšใซ. > [!info] Example > {ๅ‹‰ๅผท|ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†}ใ—==ใชใ„ใง=={ๅ’ๆฅญ|ใใคใŽใ‚‡ใ†}ใ—ใŸใ€‚ -> I graduated without studying. \ No newline at end of file +> I graduated without studying. + +## ใšใซ + +Means "without doing". Formed with a verb in the negative tense (ใชใ„) by removing the -ใชใ„ stem and adding ใšใซ. +ใ™ใ‚‹ transforms to ใ›ใšใซ. +It is a bit more formal than ใชใ„ใง. + +> [!info] Example +> ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ้ฃŸใน==ใšใซ==ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚ +> Everyday, I go out without eating. diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/๐Ÿ”ฐ Particles (2).md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/๐Ÿ”ฐ Particles (2).md index f523cae..98b9317 100644 --- a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/๐Ÿ”ฐ Particles (2).md +++ b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/๐Ÿ”ฐ Particles (2).md @@ -47,22 +47,32 @@ These two particles are frequently used together. It means "from X to Y". > {ๆœ|ใ‚ใ•}ใซ๏ผ–ๆ™‚==ใ‹ใ‚‰==๏ผ—ๆ™‚==ใพใง==้›ป่ปŠใง{้€š|ใ‹ใ‚ˆ}ใ†ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ > I commute by train from 6am to 7am. -## ใ ใ‘ - -Means "only", "just". - -> [!info] Example -> {ไธ€|ใฒใจ}ใค==ใ ใ‘==ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ -> Only one, please. - ### ใ ใ‘ใง Means "just by doing". > [!info] Example -> ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹==ใ ใ‘==ใง{ๆฅฝ|ใŸใฎ}ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ +> ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹==ใ ใ‘ใง=={ๆฅฝ|ใŸใฎ}ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ > Just looking at it is fun, isn't it. +## ใฃใ‘ + +
+
+

V

+

ใ„-Adj ใ„ ใ‹ใฃใŸ

+

ใช-Adj + ใ ใƒปใ ใฃใŸ

+

N + ใ ใƒปใ ใฃใŸ

+
+

+ ใฃใ‘

+
+ +Used when the speaker tries to remember, or confirm an information, that has been forgotten. + +> [!info] Example +> {ไผš่ญฐ|ใ‹ใ„ใŽ}ใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใ ใฃใŸ==ใฃใ‘==ใ€‚ +> Was the meeting today? + ## Sentence ending At the end of a sentence, some particles can be added to put emphasis on a meaning.