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Conjugation/Conditional.md

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+# Conditional
+
+## と
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ と</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "if", "whenever". Used when a result is known or assumed to be true, aka a logical cause-effect relationship. Cannot be used if the result is uncertain. So it cannot be an intention, a request, a desire, an order, etc.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {急|いそ}いでない==と==、{遅刻|ちこく}に{着|つ}きます。
+> If you don't hurry, you'll arrive late.
+
+## なら
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual) + (の)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + (の)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + (の)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ なら</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "in the case that/of". The second part of the sentence is generally an opinion, a request or a suggestion.
+Adding の adds emphasis. ならば can be used in more formal contexts.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {車|くるま}を{使|つか}う==なら==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けて。
+> If you're using a car, be careful.
+
+## たら
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> + かった</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だった</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + だった</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ ら</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "if" or "when". Describes a condition (the first action must be completed before the second action). Used for hypothetical situations and certain results. It is the main word used for conditional.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {安|やす}==かったら==、{買|か}う。
+> (If / When) it's cheap, I'll buy it.
+
+## 場合
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 場合は</p>
+</div>
+
+{場合|ば|あい} means "in the case of". The second part explains what to do in the situation (instructions, advices, etc). More formal than たら.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {地震|じ|しん}==の場合は==、エレベーターを使わないでください。
+> In case of an earthquake, please don't use the elevators.
+
+## ば・なければ
+
+Positive form:
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (う -> え)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + けれ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + なら</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + なら</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ ば</p>
+</div>
+
+Negative form:
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ない</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>ない</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + で</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + で</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ なければ</p>
+</div>
+
+See Conjugation [[Basics]] for verbs (the う sound transforms the the corresponding え sound).
+
+Means "if". A conditional relationship without the cause-effect relationship of と.
+If A happens, then B. Situations must be hypothetical. Generally used for one-time results.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> 雨が止==めれば==、店に行く。
+> If it stops raining, I'll go to the store.
+> 
+> おいしい==でなければ==、食べません。
+> If it's not good, I will not eat it.
+
+### ばいい
+
+Used for hope about a result. "It would be good if".
+Can also be used to give an advice, in a meaning similar to "should".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {宝|たから}くじが{当|あ}たれ==ばいい==ね。
+> It would be good if I win the lottery...
+> 
+> 
+
+### ばよかった
+
+Used for regret about something that would have been better if done. "It would have been good if".
+More emphasis can be added by adding のに.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {上着|うわぎ}を{持|も}て==ばよかった==。
+> I should have brought a jacket.
+
+### ば～ほど
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">V (ば)</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r"> + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ほど</p>
+</div>
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> + ければ</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r"> + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ほど</p>
+</div>
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + なら</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r"> + </p>
+<div class="">
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="r">+ ほど</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "the more... the more". Used by repeating the same verb.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {自転車|じてんしゃ}をすれ==ば==する==ほど==、{上手|じょうず}になります。
+> The more you bike, the better you get.
+
+## Summing up
+
+* ==と== has a logical cause-effect relationship. Certain result.
+* ==なら== usually used for opinion, request, suggestion.
+* ==V-たら== describes a condition to be met for the result. Usually used for hypothetical situation.
+* ==場合== explains what to do in a described situation. More formal than V-たら.
+* ==V-ば== is a conditional relationship, close to V-たら. Used for hypothetical situations, generally for for one-time results.
+
+## とすれば・としたら・とすると
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ とすれば・としたら・とすると</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "if we assume that A, B".
+としたら is more casual than とすれば.
+とすると is used for an action that is likely to happen.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {電車|でんしゃ}で行く==とすると==、２０{分|っぷん}かかるです。
+> If you were to go by train, it would take 20 minutes.
+
+## もし(も)
+
+Used with conditional forms ば, と, たら and ても (see [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]]).
+もしも puts more emphasis than もし.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> ==もし==ペットが{病気|びょうき}になったら、{動物|どうぶつ}{病院|びょういん}に行かなきゃ。
+> If you pet gets sick, you have to bring it to the veterinarian clinic.