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🔰 Grammar/Combination actions.md
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@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Those rules combine a verb and an adjective to make a new meaning.
## Difficulty
### ~やすい: easy
### ～やすい: easy
Means:
* easy to do
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Means:
> {泣|な}き==やすい==。
> Prone to crying.
### ~にくい・~づらい: difficult
### ～にくい・～づらい: difficult
Means that something is difficult to do.
While にくい is the broader form, づらい is used in a more subjective manner, for actions that are intentional.
@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ While にくい is the broader form, づらい is used in a more subjective mann
### ～がたい: very difficult
~がたい means that something is very difficult to do.
It is more extreme than ~にくい.
～がたい means that something is very difficult to do.
It is more extreme than ～にくい.
> [!info] Example
> それは{信|しん}じ==がたい==な。
> That's hard to believe...
## ~始める
## ～始める
～{始|はじ}める means that something starts or has started. Expresses intentionality.
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ It is more extreme than ~にくい.
> {飲|の}み==始める==。
> To start to drink.
## ~出す
## ～出す
～{出|だ}す means that something suddenly started. Has the nuance of being unintentional, or cannot be avoided.
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ It is more extreme than ~にくい.
> 雨が降り==出した==。
> It suddenly started raining.
## ~続く
## ～続く
～{続|つづ}く means that something continues.
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ It is more extreme than ~にくい.
> {飲|の}み==続ける==。
> To continue to drink.
## ~終わる
## ～終わる
～{終|お}わる means that something ends.
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ This can be used both as:
## ～切る・～切れる・～切れない
~{切|き}る means "to do completely" and ~切れる means "able to do completely".
The negative form ~切れない means "unable to do", "too much to complete".
～{切|き}る means "to do completely" and ～切れる means "able to do completely".
The negative form ～切れない means "unable to do", "too much to complete".
It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
> [!info] Example
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
## ～通す
~{通|とお}す means "to do something until the end", "continually" or "through". It focuses on the process of the action, rather than its ending.
～{通|とお}す means "to do something until the end", "continually" or "through". It focuses on the process of the action, rather than its ending.
> [!info] Example
> マラソンの{全部|ぜんぶ}を{走|はし}り==通した==。
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
## ～直す
~{直|なお}す means to do something again.
～{直|なお}す means to do something again.
> [!info] Example
> {今年|ことし}をやり==直す==てほしい。
@@ -124,55 +124,55 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
## ～っぱなし
~っぱなし means leaving something as it is.
～っぱなし means leaving something as it is.
> [!info] Example
> この１３時間{飛行|ひこう}で{座|すわ}り==っぱなし==でした。
> I sat the entire time on this 13 hours flight.
## ~かねる
## ～かねる
~かねる means "unable to do", due to an external circumstance. It is polite.
～かねる means "unable to do", due to an external circumstance. It is polite.
> [!info] Example
> ごめんなさい、それをでき==かねます==。
> I'm sorry, I cannot do that.
## ~っこない
## ～っこない
~っこない means that something is not possible.
～っこない means that something is not possible.
> [!info] Example
> {全然|ぜんぜん}{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。。。{合格|ごうかく}し==っこない==よ。
> I did not study at all... There's no way I'll pass.
## ~抜く
## ～抜く
~{抜|ぬ}く means to do something to the end, or completely. The nuance is that someone tried hard and has made an effort to achieve this result.
～{抜|ぬ}く means to do something to the end, or completely. The nuance is that someone tried hard and has made an effort to achieve this result.
> [!info] Example
> それは{毎日|まいにち}やり==抜く=={無理|むり}ですよ。
> You cannot do this every day.
## ~給え
## ～給え
~{給|たま}え is used for a light order. It is used by someone of higher rank to someone of lower rank.
～{給|たま}え is used for a light order. It is used by someone of higher rank to someone of lower rank.
> [!info] Example
> ここに{座|すわ}り==給え==。
> Seat here.
## ~つつ(も)
## ～つつ(も)
~つつ means that something happens at the same time as another action. Adding も adds the meaning of "even": "even while doing".
～つつ means that something happens at the same time as another action. Adding も adds the meaning of "even": "even while doing".
> [!info] Example
> 食べ==つつ==、飲みましょう。
> While eating, let's drink.
## ~つつある
## ～つつある
~つつある means that something is in an ongoing process or action, in a similar manner as てくる.
～つつある means that something is in an ongoing process or action, in a similar manner as てくる.
> [!info] Example
> {雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}り==つつある==。
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
## ～込む
~{込|こ}む has multiple meanings depending on the verb. Sometimes it is idiomatic and so it cannot exactly be guessed. However, there are some broad categories.
～{込|こ}む has multiple meanings depending on the verb. Sometimes it is idiomatic and so it cannot exactly be guessed. However, there are some broad categories.
⚠ Depending on the context, verbs can fall into multiple categories!