jpg-quartz/1- Grammar/Conditional.md

# Conditional

## と

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ と</p>
</div>

Means "if" when a result is known or assumed to be true, aka a logical cause-effect relationship. Cannot be used if the result is uncertain. So it cannot be an intention, a request, a desire, an order, etc.

> [!info] Example
> {急|いそ}いでない==と==、{遅刻|ちこく}に{着|つ}きます。
> If you don't hurry, you'll arrive late.

## なら

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (casual) + (の)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + (の)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + (の)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ なら</p>
</div>

Means "in the case that/of". The second part of the sentence is generally an opinion, a request or a suggestion.
Adding の adds emphasis.

> [!info] Example
> 車を使う==なら==、気を{付|つ}けて。
> If you're using a car, be careful.

## えば・なければ

Positive form:
<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (う -> え)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + けれ</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + なら</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + なら</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ ば</p>
</div>

Negative form:
<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ない</strike></span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>ない</strike></span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + で</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + で</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ なければ</p>
</div>

See Conjugation [[Basics]] for verbs (the う sound transforms the the corresponding え sound).

Means "if". A conditional relationship without the cause-effect relationship of と.

> [!info] Examples
> 雨が止==めれば==、店に行く。
> If it stops raining, I'll go to the store.
> 
> おいしい==でなければ==、食べません。
> If it's not good, I will not eat it.

## たら

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike> + かった</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だった</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + だった</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ ら</p>
</div>

Means "if" or "when". Describes a condition (the first action must be completed before the second action). Usually used for hypothetical situations. It is the main word used for conditional.

> [!info] Example
> 安==かったら==、買う。
> (If / When) it's cheap, I'll buy it.

## 場合

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ 場合は</p>
</div>

{場合|ば|あい} means "in the case of". The second part explains what to do in the situation (instructions, advices, etc). More formal than たら.

> [!info] Example
> {地震|じ|しん}==の場合は==、エレベーターを使わないでください。
> In case of an earthquake, please don't use the elevators.