# Time

## とき

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ とき</p>
</div>

Means "time". When used like this, means "at the time of".

> [!info] Example
> 行った==とき==、{誰|だれ}もいなかった。
> When I went, no one was there.

## 際に

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ 際に・際は</p>
</div>

{際|さい}に means "time", "when". More formal than とき.

> [!info] Example
> {家|いえ}で{入|はい}る==際に=={靴|くつ}を{脱|ぬ}いでください。
> Please take off your shoes when entering the house.

## ことがある

Means "there are time when".
Used by combining to a verb.

> [!info] Example
> {時々|とき|どき}パリへ行く==ことがある==。
> I sometimes go to Paris.

## から～まで

See から: [[🔰 Particles (2)#From, since]] (from).
See まで: [[🔰 Particles (2)#まで]] (until).
See から～まで: [[🔰 Particles (2)#から～まで]] (from... until).

## 前に

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ 前に</p>
</div>

{前|まえ}に means before (time) or in front of (place).

> [!info] Examples
> {寝|ねる}る==前に==、レストランに行こうと思います。
> I think I'll go to the restaurant before sleeping.
> 
> レストランの==前に=={自転車|じ|てん|しゃ}があります。
> There are bikes in front of the restaurant.

## 後で

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ 後で</p>
</div>

{後|あと}で means after or later.
⚠ Only works with the past form of verbs!

> [!info] Example
> 食べた==後で==、寝ます。
> After eating, I'll go to sleep.

## ころ・ごろ

<div class="usage">
<div class="">
	<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="r">+ ごろ</p>
</div>

Means "around" or "about".

> [!info] Example
> 午後８時==ごろ==来てください。
> Please come around 8PM.

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">い/な-Adj</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ ころ</p>
</div>

Means "when".

> [!info] Example
> {子供|こども}の==ころ==、毎日{公園|こうえん}で{遊|あそ}んだ。
> When I was a kid, I played every day at the park.

## までに

This indicates a time limit for the action, similar to "by".

> [!info] Example
> {来週|らい|しゅう}==までに=={終|お}わってください。
> Please finish by next week.

## ぶりに

<div class="usage">
<div class="">
	<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="r">+ ぶりに~する</p>
</div>
<div class="usage">
<div class="">
	<p><span class="box">N (time)</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="r">+ ぶり + の</p>
<div class="">
	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
</div>
</div>

Means "for the first time in duration". Used for long times (can be a psychologically perceived one).
Used with nouns measuring time.

> [!info] Example
> ３{年|ねん}==ぶりに==ブラジルを{戻|もど}ります。
> For the first time in 3 years, I'm returning to Brazil.

## に先立ち

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ に先立ち・に先立って</p>
</div>

に{先|さき}{立|だ}ち means "before", "prior to". It is formal.
Also used as に先立つ when a second noun follows a first one.

> [!info] Examples
> {初|はじ}める==に先立って==、{準備|じゅんび}しないといけない。
> Before starting, you need to prepare.

## 上で

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ 上で</p>
</div>

{上|うえ}で means "after", "upon". Shows a logical progression. Mostly used in formal situations.

> [!info] Examples
> {面接|めんせつ}の==上で==、{連絡|れんらく}します。
> We will contact you after the interview.

## にあたって

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ にあたって</p>
</div>

Means "at the time of", "on the occasion of". It is formal. Used when talking about the preparation.
Can also be used as にあたり.
Used with verbs and nouns.

> [!info] Examples
> {試験|しけん}を{受|う}ける==にあたって==、{鉛筆|えんぴつ}と{消|け}しゴムを{持|も}ってきてください。
> Please bring a pencil and an eraser in preparation for the test.

## に際して

<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
	<p><span class="box">V (る)</span></p>
	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
</div>
	<p class="right">+ に際して</p>
</div>

に{際|さい}して means "at the time of", "on the occasion of". It is formal. Used when talking about the moment of the situation.

> [!info] Examples
> {試験|しけん}を{受|う}ける==に際して==、{静|しず}かにしてください。
> During the test, please be quiet.

## とっくに

Means "long ago", "a long time ago".

> [!info] Examples
> {彼女|かのじょ}は==とっくに=={帰|かえ}ってしまった。
> She went home long ago.

## やがて

Means "before long", "eventually".

> [!info] Examples
> ==やがて==この{新|あたら}しいゲームは{売|う}り{出|だ}すはずです。
> This new game should be put on sale soon.

## ところだった

Means "almost", "about to", "almost happened". Used with a dictionary form verb (る) by adding ところだった.

> [!info] Examples
> {車|くるま}の{事故|じこ}が{起|お}こる==ところだった==。{無事|ぶじ}よかった。
> A car accident almost happened. Thankfully we're safe.