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a5980da2b7 Create Planning.md 2024-05-26 16:07:45 +02:00
cf86dea947 Create Certainty.md 2024-05-26 15:24:22 +02:00
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# Certainty
## Certain: に違いない
に{違|ちが}いない means "I'm certain that".
> [!info] Example
> 私は{試験|しけん}を{合格|ごうかく}==に違いない==。
> I'm sure I'll pass the exam.
## Not always: とは限らない
<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
</div>
<p class="right">+ とは限らない</p>
</div>
とは{限|かぎ}らない means "not always", "not necessarily".
> [!info] Example
> {大人|おとな}は{正|ただ}しい==とは限らない==。
> Adults are not always right.
## Impossible
### わけがない
<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
</div>
<p class="right">+ わけがない</p>
</div>
Means that there is no way, "impossible". 🛠 nuance?
> [!info] Example
> {全部|ぜんぶ}食べられる==わけがない==よ!
> It is impossible to eat it all!
### ようがない・ようもない
~{様|よう}がない means that there is no way, "impossible". 🛠 nuance?
Works by removing ~ます from a verb and adding ようがない・ようもない.
🛠 difference between ようがない and ようもない?
> [!info] Example
> もうこんな時間。帰り==ようがない==。
> It's already this late. I have no way to go back home.
### まさか
Usually at the start of a sentence, expresses surprise, about something that seemed impossible.
> [!info] Example
> ==まさか=={僕|ぼく}たちのチームが{負|ま}けた。
> I cannot believe our team lost.

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# Planning
## ようと思う
ようと{思|おも}う means "thinking of doing".
Used with a verb in the volitional form (よう).
> [!info] Example
> レストランへ行こ==うと思います==。
> I'm thinking of going to the restaurant.
## つもり
Means "intend to".
> [!info] Example
> 明日ゲームセンターに行く==つもり==はない。
> I don't plan to go to the arcade tomorrow.
### つもりだった・つもりなのに
Used to express that someone thought they did something.
> [!info] Example
> リンゴを買った==つもりだった==けど。
> I'm sure I bought apples... (that was my intention, but apparently I did not)
>
> リンゴを買う==つもりだった==けど。
> I was planning to buy apples... (it was my intention, but I changed my mind)
### つもりで
<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
</div>
<p class="right">+ つもりで</p>
</div>
Means "with the intention of doing".
> [!info] Example
> {旅行|りょこう}に行く==つもりで==、{旅行|りょこう}本を読んでいる。
> With the intention of traveling, I'm reading a travel book.
## よてい
<div class="usage">
<div class="left">
<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
</div>
<p class="right">+ 予定だ</p>
</div>
It means "plan to".
This form is stronger than つもり. For a same sentence, the nuance could be a strong intention for つもり, while with よてい the plan has already been booked.
> [!info] Example
> 来年日本へ行く==予定==です。
> I'm planning to go to Japan next year (I have my tickets).
## Summing it up
* ==ようとおもう== expresses a thought about doing.
* ==つもり== expresses an intention.
* ==予定== expresses a plan.

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## がる・がっている: adjectives as verbs
See [[Observation - Description#がる・がっている]].
See [[Observation - tendency - feelings#がる・がっている]].
## 的: noun as な-Adj / Adverb
This allows to change a noun into:
* ~{的|てき} な for a な-Adj
* ~{的|てき} に for an Adverb
> [!info] Example
> {感情|かんじょう}。
> Emotion.
>
> {感情|かん|じょう}==的==。
> Emotional.
>
> 彼女のスピーチはとても{感情|かん|じょう}==的==だった。
> Her speech was very emotional.