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6fc42610d1
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@ -35,6 +35,43 @@ Made with a verb in the negative form (ない) without the ない ending and add
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> {悲|かな}しいのでアイスクリーム食べ==ずには入れれない==。
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> {悲|かな}しいのでアイスクリーム食べ==ずには入れれない==。
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> I'm sad so I can't help but eat ice cream.
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> I'm sad so I can't help but eat ice cream.
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## こと as "should do"
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (dictionary)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">V (ない)</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ こと</p>
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</div>
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Means "should do". Mostly used to set rules.
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> [!info] Example
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> ここに{車|くるま}を{止|と}めない==こと==です。
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> Don't park your car here.
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## ことはない
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This has two meanings:
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* it is not necessary to
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* it never happens
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Used with a verb in the dictionary form.
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> [!info] Example
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> {走|はし}る==ことはない==。まだ{時間|じかん}がある。
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> There's no need to run. There's still time.
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## ことになっている
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This form is used to express rules or expectations.
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Used with dictionary (る) and negative (ない) form of verbs.
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> [!info] Examples
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> {指|ゆび}で食べない==ことになっている==。
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> You're not supposed to eat with your fingers.
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## Must
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## Must
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### なくちゃ・なきゃ
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### なくちゃ・なきゃ
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@ -74,7 +111,7 @@ In casual contexts, can be shortened as ないと.
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> 今日は{勉強|べんきょう}し==ないといけない==。
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> 今日は{勉強|べんきょう}し==ないといけない==。
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> I have to study today.
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> I have to study today.
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## べきだ
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### べきだ
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Means "should do", "must do".
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Means "should do", "must do".
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Used with verbs.
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Used with verbs.
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@ -142,7 +179,7 @@ Can also be used as なくていい.
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> 今日はレストランで{手伝|て|つ}わ==なくてもいい==。
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> 今日はレストランで{手伝|て|つ}わ==なくてもいい==。
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> You don't have to help out at the restaurant today (it's okay if you don't help at the restaurant today).
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> You don't have to help out at the restaurant today (it's okay if you don't help at the restaurant today).
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## べきではない・べきじゃない
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### べきではない・べきじゃない
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The contrary of べきだ is べきではない・べきじゃない.
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The contrary of べきだ is べきではない・べきじゃない.
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@ -91,6 +91,47 @@ https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB
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lots of things are similar
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lots of things are similar
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## ことは~が
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ が</p>
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</div>
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ が</p>
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</div>
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ ことは + </p>
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<div class="">
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="r">+ が</p>
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</div>
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⚠ It must be the same verb and adjective at both end!
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Means "although".
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> [!info] Example
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> {勉強|べんきょう}する==ことは==する==が==、まだ{下手|へた}です。
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> Although I study everyday, I'm still bad at it.
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# TODO
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# TODO
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@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ It is more objective than から: it expresses a situation that exists, and that
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See [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because]].
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See [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because]].
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It is more subjective than ので: it expresses more personal needs/actions/opinions.
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It is more subjective than ので: it expresses more personal needs/actions/opinions.
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## ことから
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Means "based on the fact that". Most formal than から, and puts an emphasis on it being true (objective information).
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> [!info] Example
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> {部屋|へや}から{音|おと}がある==ことから==、{誰|だれ}かいるはずです。
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> From the fact that there is sound coming from the room, someone must be there.
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## んです・のです
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## んです・のです
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="usage">
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