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8f2bf9890d
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| 8f2bf9890d | |||
| 383042e106 | |||
| 0199806f5f | |||
| b9e1857808 |
@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ Those rules combine a verb and an adjective to make a new meaning.
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<p class="r">+ Adj</p>
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</div>
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## ~やすい
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## Difficulty
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### ~やすい: easy
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Means:
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* easy to do
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@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ Means:
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> {泣|な}き==やすい==。
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> Prone to crying.
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## ~にくい・~づらい
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### ~にくい・~づらい: difficult
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Means that something is difficult to do.
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While にくい is the broader form, づらい is used in a more subjective manner, for actions that are intentional.
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@ -32,6 +34,15 @@ While にくい is the broader form, づらい is used in a more subjective mann
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> 見==にくい==。
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> Difficult to see.
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### ～がたい: very difficult
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~がたい means that something is very difficult to do.
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It is more extreme than ~にくい.
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> [!info] Example
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> それは{信|しん}じ==がたい==な。
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> That's hard to believe...
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## ~始める
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～{始|はじ}める means that something starts or has started. Expresses intentionality.
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@ -63,3 +74,72 @@ While にくい is the broader form, づらい is used in a more subjective mann
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> [!info] Example
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> {飲|の}み==終わります==。
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> To stop to drink.
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## ～上げる
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This can be used both as:
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* {上|あ}げる means "finish doing" (transitive)
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* {上|あ}がる means "was finished" (intransitive)
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> [!info] Example
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> {全部|ぜんぶ}の{夏休|なつ|や}みの{宿題|しゅくだい}を出来==上げった==。
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> I have finished all my summer homework.
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## ～合う
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～{合|あ}う means that the action is done with someone else.
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> [!info] Example
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> {妹|いもうと}と{家|いえ}へ{帰|かえ}り==会った==。
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> I went home with my sister.
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## ～切る・～切れる・～切れない
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~{切|き}る means "to do completely" and ~切れる means "able to do completely".
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The negative form ~切れない means "unable to do", "too much to complete".
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It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
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> [!info] Example
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> 父はすべての{部屋|へや}を{掃除|そうじ}し==切った==。
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> My father finished cleaning all the rooms.
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>
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> 彼は{納豆|なっとう}を食べ==切れなかった==。
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> He could not finish all his natto.
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## ～通す
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~{通|とお}す means "to do something until the end", "continually" or "through". It focuses on the process of the action, rather than its ending.
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> [!info] Example
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> マラソンの{全部|ぜんぶ}を{走|はし}り==通した==。
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> He ran through the whole marathon.
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## ～込む
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🛠
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~{込|こ}む has
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> [!info] Example
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>
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to do something for a long time or to move something inside
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https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e8%be%bc%e3%82%80-%e3%81%93%e3%82%80-komu-meaning/
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https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/komu-compound-verbs/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=31xnxSFUCiw
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https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/12b4dtj/%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%80_n3_grammar_what_even_is_this/
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## ～直す
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~{直|なお}す means to do something again.
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> [!info] Example
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> {今年|ことし}をやり==直す==てほしい。
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> I want this year to start over.
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## ～っぱなし
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~っぱなし means leaving something as it is.
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> [!info] Example
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> この１３時間{飛行|ひこう}で{座|すわ}り==っぱなし==でした。
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> I sat the entire time on this 13 hours flight.
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216
🔰 Grammar/Observation - looking like.md
Normal file
216
🔰 Grammar/Observation - looking like.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
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# Observation - Looking like
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## よう
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Means that it looks like. Used from direct knowledge or experience, with a high degree of confidence. It is a more polite form of みたい.
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### ようだ
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ ようだ</p>
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</div>
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Means that it looks like, appears like, seems like.
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> [!info] Example
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> {子供|こども}が{嬉|うれ}しい==ようだ==。
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> The kids look happy (= I can see them laughing and smiling).
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### ように・ような
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ [ように + V] ・ [ような + N]</p>
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</div>
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Expresses "in the manner of".
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> [!info] Examples
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> {新幹線|しんかんせん}の==ような=={速度|そく|ど}。
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> Speed like a Shinkansen.
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>
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> アヒルの==ように==食べる。
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> To eat like a duck.
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## みたい
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みたい means similar to, like. Used for direct observation, with a high degree of certainty in consequence.
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It is a less polite form of ようだ.
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### みたいだ
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The basic form, used with all forms of words.
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> [!info] Example
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> 今日は暑いですね。夏==みたいだ==な。
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> It's hot today, isn't it. It looks like it's summer.
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### みたいに
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ みたいに + V / Adj</p>
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</div>
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The adverbial form.
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> [!info] Example
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> 犬==みたいに==食べた。
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> I ate like a dog.
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### みたいな
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ みたいな + N</p>
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</div>
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Similar to the precedent form, but when using with nouns.
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> [!info] Example
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> {故郷|ふる|さと}==みたいな==町だ。
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> A city like my hometown.
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## っぽい
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ っぽい</p>
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</div>
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This has the meaning of like, easy to, _-ish_. Makes a direct comparison with certainty, from the point of view of the person saying it. Close to an even more casual meaning of みたい.
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> [!info] Examples
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> {子供|こ|ども}==っぽい==。
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> Childish.
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>
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> {忘|わす}れ==っぽい==。
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> Easy to forget.
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## らしい
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Expresses an information based on hearsay, or based on the situation, or ressemblance. This is always used bases on a source that is unknown or ambiguous. It can be similar to a guess.
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Also used for something typical.
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> [!info] Examples
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> 男==らしい==。
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> Typical of a man (befitting of a man).
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>
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> 今日は{君|きみ}==らしくない==。
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> You aren't yourself today.
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## そう
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### そうだ
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ そうだ</p>
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</div>
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Means "I heard that".
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ そうだ</p>
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</div>
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Means that it looks like.
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> [!info] Examples
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> テストは{難|むず}しい==だそうだ==。
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> The exam is said to be difficult.
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>
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> おいし==そうだ==。
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> lt looks like it is delicious.
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### そうに・そうな
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ 「そうに・そうな」 + N・V</p>
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</div>
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|
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Also means that it looks like, but connecting to nouns and verbs.
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|
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> [!info] Example
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> 面白==そうに==人です。
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> He seems like an interesting person.
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|
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## 気味
|
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|
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<div class="usage">
|
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ 気味</p>
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</div>
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|
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{気味|ぎみ} means that it shows weak sign of. Translates to "looks a little like".
|
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|
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> [!info] Example
|
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> 今日、{君|きみ}はちょっと{病気|びょうき}==気味==です。
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> You look a bit sick today.
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## Summing it up
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🛠 To do: check validity.
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* ==ようだ== is a formal way to say that it looks like, usually from direct observation.
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* ==みたい== is a less formal way, used in a casual conversation.
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* ==っぽい== is even more casual. A girl trying to be masculine would be 男っぽい.
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* ==らしい== is usually used when something is typical or expected. The same girl wouldn't be either 女らしい or 男っぽい because it's not what is expected from her.
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* ==そうだ== is used for something that is hearsay or not directly observation, more as a guess.
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* ==気味== is used for something that looks a little bit like.
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## に見える
|
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|
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<div class="usage">
|
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<div class="left">
|
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<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">V (casual) + ように</span></p>
|
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj + <strike>い</strike>く</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + に</span></p>
|
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<p><span class="box">N + (のよう) + に</span></p>
|
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</div>
|
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<p class="right">+ 見える</p>
|
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</div>
|
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|
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This is used (unlike other forms that can apply to abstract similarities) exclusively for visual resemblance.
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|
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> [!info] Example
|
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> {彼女|かのじょ}はフランス人==に見える==。
|
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> She looks like she is French.
|
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123
🔰 Grammar/Only - just.md
Normal file
123
🔰 Grammar/Only - just.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
|
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# Only, just
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|
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## だけ
|
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|
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Means "only", "just".
|
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|
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> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {一|ひと}つ==だけ==ください。
|
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> Only one, please.
|
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|
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## だけでなく
|
||||
|
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<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
|
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
|
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な・である</span></p>
|
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<p><span class="box">N (である)</span></p>
|
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</div>
|
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<p class="right">+ だけでなく(て) ... (も)</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Means "not only A but also B".
|
||||
Can also be used as だけではなく.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> この{都市|とし}は大きい==だけでなく==、きれいでもある。
|
||||
> This city is not only big, it's also pretty.
|
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|
||||
## きり
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p class="right">+ きり・っきり</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
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Used with a noun, it means "only".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> このバスで{一度|いちど}==きり=={乗|の}った。
|
||||
|
||||
Used with a verb, it means "since", "after", "even since".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
Using it as っきり is more casual.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
only; just; since; after ~
|
||||
|
||||
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%8d%e3%82%8a-kiri-meaning/
|
||||
https://japanesequizzes.com/all-about-japanese-particles-%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A-kiri/
|
||||
https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A
|
||||
https://yasuwangblog.com/kkiri-en/
|
||||
|
||||
## ばかり
|
||||
|
||||
Means "only" or "nothing but", and can convey surprise or negative judgment depending on the context.
|
||||
Used with nouns and verbs.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Examples
|
||||
> この{国|くに}の{春|はる}は雨==ばかり==だ！
|
||||
> In this country, there's nothing but rain in spring.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> うちの{子供|こども}はテレビ==ばかり==見てる。
|
||||
> My child does nothing but watching TV.
|
||||
|
||||
## ばかりで
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p class="right">+ ばかりで</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Used to say "only" with a negative meaning.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Examples
|
||||
> 彼は{有名|ゆうめい}な==ばかりで=={面白|おもしろ}くない。
|
||||
> He's only famous but not interesting.
|
||||
|
||||
## ばかりでなく
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p class="right">+ ばかりでなく... (も)</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Means "not only A but also B".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Examples
|
||||
> 彼女は{綺麗|きれい}==ばかりでなく=={天才|てんさい}もあるです。
|
||||
> She's not only beautiful, she's also a genius.
|
||||
|
||||
## Summing it up
|
||||
|
||||
"Only" can be said with:
|
||||
* ==だけ==
|
||||
* ==きり==
|
||||
* ==ばかり==
|
||||
|
||||
"Not only" can be said with:
|
||||
* ==だけでなく==
|
||||
* ==ばかりでなく==
|
||||
|
||||
differences => https://cotoacademy.com/how-to-say-only-just-in-japanese-dake-shika-nai-bakari-whats-the-difference/
|
||||
|
||||
https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B
|
||||
|
||||
https://www.reddit.com/r/Japaneselanguage/comments/1747tsd/difference_between_%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91_and_%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A/
|
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@ -37,3 +37,55 @@ It can also be used to soften your assertion.
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {明日|あした}に行きたい==けど==。
|
||||
> I'd like to go tomorrow... (but I don't want to cause any inconvenience).
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||||
|
||||
## (ん・の)(だけど・ですけど)
|
||||
|
||||
🛠 what is the nuance?
|
||||
|
||||
but; however; although; regarding ~
|
||||
|
||||
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a0%e3%81%91%e3%81%a9-dakedo-meaning/
|
||||
https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9-%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%8C
|
||||
|
||||
## に反して
|
||||
|
||||
に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
|
||||
> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
|
||||
|
||||
## ながらも
|
||||
|
||||
Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else.
|
||||
See also [[Time#ながら]].
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
|
||||
> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
|
||||
|
||||
## 割に
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
|
||||
<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p class="right">+ 割に</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
{割|わり}に means "considering A, B".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
considering ~; for ~; despite ~
|
||||
|
||||
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e5%89%b2%e3%81%ab-%e3%82%8f%e3%82%8a%e3%81%ab-wari-ni-meaning/
|
||||
https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
🛠 check [[Connectors - even if]]
|
||||
lots of things are similar
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user