Create Observation - looking like.md

🔰 Grammar/Combination actions.md

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ Those rules combine a verb and an adjective to make a new meaning.
 	<p class="r">+ Adj</p>
 </div>
 
-## ~やすい
+## Difficulty
+
+### ~やすい: easy
 
 Means: 
 * easy to do
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ Means:
 > {泣|な}き==やすい==。
 > Prone to crying.
 
-## ~にくい・~づらい
+### ~にくい・~づらい: difficult
 
 Means that something is difficult to do.
 While にくい is the broader form, づらい is used in a more subjective manner, for actions that are intentional.
@@ -32,6 +34,15 @@ While にくい is the broader form, づらい is used in a more subjective mann
 > 見==にくい==。
 > Difficult to see.
 
+### ～がたい: very difficult
+
+~がたい means that something is very difficult to do.
+It is more extreme than ~にくい.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> それは{信|しん}じ==がたい==な。
+> That's hard to believe...
+
 ## ~始める
 
 ～{始|はじ}める means that something starts or has started. Expresses intentionality.
@@ -63,3 +74,72 @@ While にくい is the broader form, づらい is used in a more subjective mann
 > [!info] Example
 > {飲|の}み==終わります==。
 > To stop to drink.
+
+## ～上げる
+
+This can be used both as:
+* {上|あ}げる means "finish doing" (transitive)
+* {上|あ}がる means "was finished" (intransitive)
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {全部|ぜんぶ}の{夏休|なつ|や}みの{宿題|しゅくだい}を出来==上げった==。
+> I have finished all my summer homework.
+
+## ～合う
+
+～{合|あ}う means that the action is done with someone else.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {妹|いもうと}と{家|いえ}へ{帰|かえ}り==会った==。
+> I went home with my sister.
+
+## ～切る・～切れる・～切れない
+
+~{切|き}る means "to do completely" and ~切れる means "able to do completely".
+The negative form ~切れない means "unable to do", "too much to complete".
+It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 父はすべての{部屋|へや}を{掃除|そうじ}し==切った==。
+> My father finished cleaning all the rooms.
+> 
+> 彼は{納豆|なっとう}を食べ==切れなかった==。
+> He could not finish all his natto.
+
+## ～通す
+
+~{通|とお}す means "to do something until the end", "continually" or "through". It focuses on the process of the action, rather than its ending.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> マラソンの{全部|ぜんぶ}を{走|はし}り==通した==。
+> He ran through the whole marathon.
+
+## ～込む
+🛠
+~{込|こ}む has 
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 
+
+to do something for a long time or to move something inside
+
+https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e8%be%bc%e3%82%80-%e3%81%93%e3%82%80-komu-meaning/
+https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/komu-compound-verbs/
+https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=31xnxSFUCiw
+https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/12b4dtj/%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%80_n3_grammar_what_even_is_this/
+
+## ～直す
+
+~{直|なお}す means to do something again.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {今年|ことし}をやり==直す==てほしい。
+> I want this year to start over.
+
+## ～っぱなし
+
+~っぱなし means leaving something as it is.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> この１３時間{飛行|ひこう}で{座|すわ}り==っぱなし==でした。
+> I sat the entire time on this 13 hours flight.

🔰 Grammar/Observation - looking like.md

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# Observation - Looking like
+
+## よう
+
+Means that it looks like. Used from direct knowledge or experience, with a high degree of confidence. It is a more polite form of みたい.
+
+### ようだ
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ ようだ</p>
+</div>
+
+Means that it looks like, appears like, seems like.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {子供|こども}が{嬉|うれ}しい==ようだ==。
+> The kids look happy (= I can see them laughing and smiling).
+
+### ように・ような
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ [ように + V] ・ [ような + N]</p>
+</div>
+
+Expresses "in the manner of".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {新幹線|しんかんせん}の==ような=={速度|そく|ど}。
+> Speed like a Shinkansen.
+> 
+> アヒルの==ように==食べる。
+> To eat like a duck.
+
+## みたい
+
+みたい means similar to, like. Used for direct observation, with a high degree of certainty in consequence.
+It is a less polite form of ようだ.
+
+### みたいだ
+
+The basic form, used with all forms of words.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 今日は暑いですね。夏==みたいだ==な。
+> It's hot today, isn't it. It looks like it's summer.
+
+### みたいに
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ みたいに + V / Adj</p>
+</div>
+
+The adverbial form.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 犬==みたいに==食べた。
+> I ate like a dog.
+
+### みたいな
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ みたいな + N</p>
+</div>
+
+Similar to the precedent form, but when using with nouns.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {故郷|ふる|さと}==みたいな==町だ。
+> A city like my hometown.
+
+## っぽい
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ っぽい</p>
+</div>
+
+This has the meaning of like, easy to, _-ish_. Makes a direct comparison with certainty, from the point of view of the person saying it. Close to an even more casual meaning of みたい.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> {子供|こ|ども}==っぽい==。
+> Childish.
+> 
+> {忘|わす}れ==っぽい==。
+> Easy to forget.
+
+## らしい
+
+Expresses an information based on hearsay, or based on the situation, or ressemblance. This is always used bases on a source that is unknown or ambiguous. It can be similar to a guess.
+Also used for something typical.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> 男==らしい==。
+> Typical of a man (befitting of a man).
+> 
+> 今日は{君|きみ}==らしくない==。
+> You aren't yourself today.
+
+## そう
+
+### そうだ
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + だ</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ そうだ</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "I heard that".
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ そうだ</p>
+</div>
+
+Means that it looks like.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> テストは{難|むず}しい==だそうだ==。
+> The exam is said to be difficult.
+> 
+> おいし==そうだ==。
+> lt looks like it is delicious.
+
+### そうに・そうな
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj <strike>い</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + だ</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 「そうに・そうな」 + N・V</p>
+</div>
+
+Also means that it looks like, but connecting to nouns and verbs.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 面白==そうに==人です。
+> He seems like an interesting person.
+
+## 気味
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V <strike>ます</strike></span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 気味</p>
+</div>
+
+{気味|ぎみ} means that it shows weak sign of. Translates to "looks a little like".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 今日、{君|きみ}はちょっと{病気|びょうき}==気味==です。
+> You look a bit sick today.
+
+## Summing it up
+
+🛠 To do: check validity.
+
+* ==ようだ== is a formal way to say that it looks like, usually from direct observation.
+* ==みたい== is a less formal way, used in a casual conversation.
+* ==っぽい== is even more casual. A girl trying to be masculine would be 男っぽい.
+* ==らしい== is usually used when something is typical or expected. The same girl wouldn't be either 女らしい or 男っぽい because it's not what is expected from her.
+* ==そうだ== is used for something that is hearsay or not directly observation, more as a guess.
+* ==気味== is used for something that looks a little bit like.
+
+## に見える
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (て)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">V (casual) + ように</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj + <strike>い</strike>く</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + に</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + (のよう) + に</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 見える</p>
+</div>
+
+This is used (unlike other forms that can apply to abstract similarities) exclusively for visual resemblance.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {彼女|かのじょ}はフランス人==に見える==。
+> She looks like she is French.

🔰 Grammar/Only - just.md

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# Only, just
+
+## だけ
+
+Means "only", "just".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {一|ひと}つ==だけ==ください。
+> Only one, please.
+
+## だけでなく
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な・である</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N (である)</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ だけでなく(て) ... (も)</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "not only A but also B".
+Can also be used as だけではなく.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> この{都市|とし}は大きい==だけでなく==、きれいでもある。
+> This city is not only big, it's also pretty.
+
+## きり
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ きり・っきり</p>
+</div>
+
+Used with a noun, it means "only".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> このバスで{一度|いちど}==きり=={乗|の}った。
+
+Used with a verb, it means "since", "after", "even since".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 
+
+Using it as っきり is more casual.
+
+
+
+only; just; since; after ~
+
+https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%8d%e3%82%8a-kiri-meaning/
+https://japanesequizzes.com/all-about-japanese-particles-%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A-kiri/
+https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A
+https://yasuwangblog.com/kkiri-en/
+
+## ばかり
+
+Means "only" or "nothing but", and can convey surprise or negative judgment depending on the context.
+Used with nouns and verbs.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> この{国|くに}の{春|はる}は雨==ばかり==だ！
+> In this country, there's nothing but rain in spring.
+> 
+> うちの{子供|こども}はテレビ==ばかり==見てる。
+> My child does nothing but watching TV.
+
+## ばかりで
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ ばかりで</p>
+</div>
+
+Used to say "only" with a negative meaning.
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> 彼は{有名|ゆうめい}な==ばかりで=={面白|おもしろ}くない。
+> He's only famous but not interesting.
+
+## ばかりでなく
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ ばかりでなく... (も)</p>
+</div>
+
+Means "not only A but also B".
+
+> [!info] Examples
+> 彼女は{綺麗|きれい}==ばかりでなく=={天才|てんさい}もあるです。
+> She's not only beautiful, she's also a genius.
+
+## Summing it up
+
+"Only" can be said with:
+* ==だけ==
+* ==きり==
+* ==ばかり==
+
+"Not only" can be said with:
+* ==だけでなく==
+* ==ばかりでなく==
+
+differences => https://cotoacademy.com/how-to-say-only-just-in-japanese-dake-shika-nai-bakari-whats-the-difference/
+
+https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B
+
+https://www.reddit.com/r/Japaneselanguage/comments/1747tsd/difference_between_%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91_and_%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A/

🔰 Grammar/Opposition.md

@@ -37,3 +37,55 @@ It can also be used to soften your assertion.
 > [!info] Example
 > {明日|あした}に行きたい==けど==。
 > I'd like to go tomorrow... (but I don't want to cause any inconvenience).
+
+## (ん・の)(だけど・ですけど)
+
+🛠 what is the nuance?
+
+but; however; although; regarding ~
+
+https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a0%e3%81%91%e3%81%a9-dakedo-meaning/
+https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9-%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%8C
+
+## に反して
+
+に{反|はん}して means "contrary to". Opposes the first noun to the rest of the sentence.
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {常識|じょうしき}==に反して==、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。
+> Contrary to common sense, he did not study.
+
+## ながらも
+
+Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else.
+See also [[Time#ながら]].
+
+> [!info] Example
+> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
+> Although I am sick, I'm planning to go to party.
+
+## 割に
+
+<div class="usage">
+<div class="left">
+	<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
+	<p><span class="box">N + の</span></p>
+</div>
+	<p class="right">+ 割に</p>
+</div>
+
+{割|わり}に means "considering A, B".
+
+> [!info] Example
+> 
+
+considering ~; for ~; despite ~
+
+https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e5%89%b2%e3%81%ab-%e3%82%8f%e3%82%8a%e3%81%ab-wari-ni-meaning/
+https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB
+
+
+🛠 check [[Connectors - even if]]
+lots of things are similar