diff --git a/🔰 Grammar/Considering - for - as.md b/🔰 Grammar/Considering - for - as.md index 882e994..5640d33 100644 --- a/🔰 Grammar/Considering - for - as.md +++ b/🔰 Grammar/Considering - for - as.md @@ -44,71 +44,144 @@ Means "even if", "even though". > それ==にしても==、{気|き}を{付|つ}けてくください。 > Still, please be careful. - - - - - - - - - - - - -## にしたがって +## "As": Gradual change
-

V (る)

-

N

+

V + (の)

+

N + だ

-

+ にしたがって・にしたがい

+

+ につれて・にしたがって・と共に・に伴って

-### In accordance +The four following forms have the same meaning of a gradual change: +* につれて +* にしたがって +* と{共|とも}に +* に{伴|とも}って -Another difference is, +It means that when when the first part of the sentence changes, the second part changes gradually as well. -**(A)** にしたがい ( = ni shitagai) **(B)** also means “following”/ “ in accordance with” which has nothing to do with change. +> [!info] Example +> TODO -In this usage, you can express your will / intention with the following verb.  +This example works with all forms. -noun + にしたがって ( = ni shitagatte) / にしたがい ( = ni shitagai) + what is going to happen/ what you are going to do +## につれて and にしたがって -Ex. ルールに従ってください。 +In both forms, the change is natural, and is not an intentional change. When the verb expresses gradual change, both can be used. +につれて is more common and more used for personal actions. -= Ruuru ni shitagatte kudasai. +> [!info] Example +> {冬|ふゆ}が{地|ちか}づく==にしたがって・につれて=={気温|きおん}が{下|さ}がってきた。 +> As winter approaches, the temperatures have lowered. -= Please follow the rules. +## にしたがって + +This form also has the meaning of "in accordance to". It doesn't express change. It is possible to talk about intention. + +> [!info] Example +> TODO + +## に伴って + +に{伴|ともな}って also has the meaning of a an instantaneous change: when the first part changes, the second part also changes instantly. The first part is the reason of it changing. + +> [!info] Example +> TODO +> メニューが新しくなるのにともない料金も改訂します。 +> = Menyuu ga atarashiku naru noni tomonai ryoukin mo kaitei shimasu. +> = As the menu will be renewed, we are going to revise the price. + +## に共に + +に{共|とも}に has 3 other meanings. + +### Almost simultaneously + +(A) and (B) are happening almost simultaneously: As (A) changes, (B) changes with (A). / (A) and (B) are happening at the same time. + +Just like ～にともなって/ ともない ( = ~ ni tomonatte/  tomonai), you can use  とともに ( = to tomoni)  when (A) and (B) are happening at the same time or almost at the same time. + +The difference is while you use +“(A)にともなって/ともない ( = ni tomonatte/tomonai) (B)”  + +when (A) causes B, you use + +“(A)とともに ( = ~ to tomoni) (B)” +when you just state two events/actions occur at the same time. (A) and (B) don’t have to be related. +And (A) and (B) can be just actions not a change. -### Gradual change +田中さんが教室を出るとともに加藤さんが教室に入ってきた。 += Tanaka-san ga kyoushitsu wo deru to tomoni Katou-san ga kyoushitsu ni haittekita. += When Tanaka san left the classroom, Katou san came in the classroom.  +A: Tanaka-san left the classroom. +B: Kato-san entered the classroom. +(A) is not a cause for (B). (A) and (B) happened at the same time just by chance. -(A) (noun / verb) + につれて/つれ ( = ni tsurete /tsure) / にしたがって/したがい ( = ni shitagatte / shitagai) /にともなって/ともない ( = ni tomonatte / tomonai)  / とともに ( = to tomoni) + (B) -→As (A) changes,  (B) changes gradually as well. +> [!info] Example +> TODO -Ex. 夏が近づくにつれて / したがって日が長くなってきた。 +### Together with +It means the same as 一緒に = isshoni butともに( = tomoni) is much more literal. + +家族とともに新しい地でがんばっていきます。 += Kazoku to tomo ni atarashii chi de ganbatte ikimasu. +(formal message from someone who is going to move with his/her family.) += I will do my best with my family in the new location. + +> [!info] Example +> TODO + +### As well as, also + +Ms. Kittyはマギー先生とともに素晴らしい先生だ += Ms. Kitty wa Maggie Sensei to tomo ni subarashii sensei da. += Ms. Kitty is as great a teacher as Maggie Sensei. + +> [!info] Example +> TODO + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +**つれて and したがって** +The change is natural and not an intentional change. + +夏が近づくにつれて / したがって日が長くなってきた。 = Natsu ga chikazuku ni tsurete/shitagatte hi ga nagaku nattekita. - = As summer approaches, the days are getting longer. -A: Summer is approaching. (change) - -B: The days are getting longer. (gradual change) - (A) causes (B) / (A) influences (B) - As you can see ～につれて / つれ ( = ~ ni tsurete / tsure) and にしたがって / したがい ( = ~ ni shitagatte / shitagai) are interchangeable when the main verb expresses the gradual change. - They are both literal expressions so you often use them to describe natural phenomena or social situations but I would say ～につれて/つれ ( = ni tsurete/tsure) are slightly more common thus you use them for your personal stuff more. +**Another difference is,** +**(A)** にしたがい ( = ni shitagai) **(B)** also means “following”/ “ in accordance with” which has nothing to do with change. +In this usage, you can express your will / intention with the following verb. +noun + にしたがって ( = ni shitagatte) / にしたがい ( = ni shitagai) + what is going to happen/ what you are going to do -You can use にしたがい ( = ni shitagai)・したがって ( = shitagatte) but ～につれて/～につれ ( = ~ ni  tsurete/tsure) are more natural in conversation. +ルールに従ってください。 += Ruuru ni shitagatte kudasai. += Please follow the rules. @@ -116,41 +189,92 @@ You can use にしたがい ( = ni shitagai)・したがって ( = shitagatte) b -as; therefore; in accordance with; according to; consequently ~ +**にともなって** -https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%97%e3%81%9f%e3%81%8c%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6-ni-shitagatte-meaning/ -https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6 +As (A) changes, B changes gradually +As well as につれて / つれ ( = ni tsurete / tsure)  / にしたがって / したがい = ni shitagatte / shitagai) にともなって / ～にともない ( =  ~ ni tomonatte/  tomonai) are used to describe gradual change. -## につれて +人口の減少にともない労働力不足の問題が生じている。 += Jinkou no genshou ni tomonai roudouryokubusoku no mondai ga shoujite iru. +=As the population has declined, a labor shortage has arisen. -as; in proportion to; with; as… then ~ +**As (A) changes, (B) changes instantaneously: (B) changes right after (A) occurs / (A) and (B) occur simultaneously** -https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%ab%e3%81%a4%e3%82%8c%e3%81%a6-ni-tsurete-%e3%81%ab%e3%81%a4%e3%82%8c-ni-tsure-meaning/ -https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6 +(A) doesn’t have to describe change and it could be just an event or motion.    +(A) is the cause/reason for (B): (A) causes (B), Due to (A), (B) happened +(Similar expression: noun + のため ( = no tame) / Vので ( = node) / (more conversational) Vから ( = kara) ) ->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -https://maggiesensei.com/2021/02/28/how-to-use-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%82%8C%EF%BC%88%E3%81%A6%EF%BC%89-%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%EF%BC%88%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%EF%BC%89-%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA/ +メニューが新しくなるのにともない料金も改訂します。 += Menyuu ga atarashiku naru noni tomonai ryoukin mo kaitei shimasu. += As the menu will be renewed, we are going to revise the price. + +Though you are talking about the possibility of (A) and (B) happening at the same time, (B) could instantaneously change.  +You can’t use ～につれて/つれ ( = ~ ni tsurete/tsure) /～にしたがって/したがい ( = ni shitagatte/shitagai) -## と共に +**とともに ( = to tomoni) is very similar to ～にともなって/ ともない ( = ~ ni tomonatte / tomonai)** -と{共|とも}に means... - -together with; at the same time as; as well as ~ - -https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%a8%e5%85%b1%e3%81%ab-to-tomo-ni-meaning/ -https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A8%E5%85%B1%E3%81%AB +As (A) changes, (B) changes gradually +**meaning 2** +(A) and (B) are happening almost simultaneously: As (A) changes, (B) changes with (A). / (A) and (B) are happening at the same time. + +Just like ～にともなって/ ともない ( = ~ ni tomonatte/  tomonai), you can use  とともに ( = to tomoni)  when (A) and (B) are happening at the same time or almost at the same time. + +The difference is while you use +“(A)にともなって/ともない ( = ni tomonatte/tomonai) (B)”  + +when (A) causes B, you use + +“(A)とともに ( = ~ to tomoni) (B)” +when you just state two events/actions occur at the same time. (A) and (B) don’t have to be related. +And (A) and (B) can be just actions not a change. - -https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/84584/difference-between-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6-and-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6 - -https://nihongonosato.com/jlpt/n2-grammar/n2-totomoni/ - +田中さんが教室を出るとともに加藤さんが教室に入ってきた。 += Tanaka-san ga kyoushitsu wo deru to tomoni Katou-san ga kyoushitsu ni haittekita. += When Tanaka san left the classroom, Katou san came in the classroom.  +A: Tanaka-san left the classroom. +B: Kato-san entered the classroom. +(A) is not a cause for (B). (A) and (B) happened at the same time just by chance. +**together with: to do something with ~** + +It means the same as 一緒に = isshoni butともに( = tomoni) is much more literal. + +家族とともに新しい地でがんばっていきます。 += Kazoku to tomo ni atarashii chi de ganbatte ikimasu. +(formal message from someone who is going to move with his/her family.) += I will do my best with my family in the new location. + +**as well as ~ / also ~** + +Ms. Kittyはマギー先生とともに素晴らしい先生だ += Ms. Kitty wa Maggie Sensei to tomo ni subarashii sensei da. += Ms. Kitty is as great a teacher as Maggie Sensei. + +>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> +>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> +>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> +>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> +>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> +>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> +>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> +>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> +>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> + +とともに means, +1. something happens simultaneously, +2. different work or different people become together and make action in one situation. +にしたがって　means, +1. something will be done following to other matters change. +2. follow the other people +3. obey other people's opinion with no objection +につれて　means, +1. something will change according to other matters change. +If the case is '1' we can use any word, but in the case of '2' or '3' we can use only 'にしたがって'　or 'とともに' word.