Update N2 notions
This commit is contained in:
3
.obsidian/community-plugins.json
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3
.obsidian/community-plugins.json
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@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
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[
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"obsidian-markdown-furigana",
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"obsidian-style-settings",
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"obsidian42-brat",
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"obsidian-opener"
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"obsidian42-brat"
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]
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9997
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-style-settings/main.js
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9997
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-style-settings/main.js
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File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"id": "obsidian-style-settings",
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"name": "Style Settings",
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"version": "1.0.8",
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"version": "1.0.9",
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"minAppVersion": "0.11.5",
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"description": "Offers controls for adjusting theme, plugin, and snippet CSS variables.",
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"author": "mgmeyers",
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File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
2450
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian42-brat/main.js
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2450
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian42-brat/main.js
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@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
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{
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"id": "obsidian42-brat",
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"name": "BRAT",
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"version": "1.0.1",
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"minAppVersion": "1.4.16",
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"version": "1.1.7",
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"minAppVersion": "1.7.2",
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"description": "Easily install a beta version of a plugin for testing.",
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"author": "TfTHacker",
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"authorUrl": "https://github.com/TfTHacker/obsidian42-brat",
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"helpUrl": "https://tfthacker.com/BRAT",
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"isDesktopOnly": false,
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"fundingUrl": {
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"Buy Me a Coffee": "https://bit.ly/o42-kofi",
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"Visit my site": "https://tfthacker.com"
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}
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}
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}
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102
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian42-brat/styles.css
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102
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian42-brat/styles.css
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@ -1,3 +1,105 @@
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.brat-modal .modal-button-container {
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margin-top: 5px !important;
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}
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.brat-modal .disabled-setting {
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opacity: 0.5;
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}
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.brat-modal .disabled-setting:hover {
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cursor: not-allowed;
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}
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/* Input validation styles */
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.brat-settings .valid-input,
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.brat-modal .valid-repository {
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border-color: var(--color-green) !important;
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}
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.brat-settings .invalid-input,
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.brat-modal .invalid-repository {
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border-color: var(--color-red) !important;
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}
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.brat-settings .validation-error,
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.brat-modal .validation-error {
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border-color: var(--color-orange) !important;
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}
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/* Version selector */
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.brat-version-selector {
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width: 100%;
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max-width: 400px;
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justify-content: left;
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}
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.brat-token-input {
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min-width: 33%;
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}
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/* Token info container styles */
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.brat-token-info {
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margin-top: 8px;
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font-size: 0.8em;
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padding: 8px;
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border-radius: 4px;
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background-color: var(--background-secondary);
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}
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/* Token status indicators */
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.brat-token-info.valid,
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.brat-token-status.valid {
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color: var(--color-green);
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}
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.brat-token-info.invalid,
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.brat-token-status.invalid {
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color: var(--color-red);
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}
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.brat-token-info.valid {
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border-left: 3px solid var(--color-green);
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}
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.brat-token-info.invalid {
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border-left: 3px solid var(--color-red);
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}
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/* Token details and status */
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.brat-token-status {
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margin-bottom: 4px;
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}
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.brat-token-details {
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margin-top: 4px;
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color: var(--text-muted);
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}
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/* Token warnings */
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.brat-token-warning {
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color: var(--color-orange);
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margin-top: 4px;
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}
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/* Token additional info */
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.brat-token-scopes,
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.brat-token-rate {
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color: var(--text-muted);
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margin-top: 2px;
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}
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/* Flex break utility */
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.brat-modal .break {
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flex-basis: 100%;
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height: 0;
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}
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/* Validation status */
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.brat-modal .validation-status-error {
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color: var(--text-error);
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}
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.brat-modal .validation-status {
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margin-top: 0.5em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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font-size: 0.8em;
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text-align: left;
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}
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@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Negative form:
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<p class="right">+ なければ</p>
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</div>
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See Conjugation [[Basics]] for verbs (the う sound transforms the the corresponding え sound).
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See Conjugation [[Basics]] for verbs (the う sound transforms to the corresponding え sound).
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Means "if". A conditional relationship without the cause-effect relationship of と.
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If A happens, then B. Situations must be hypothetical. Generally used for one-time results.
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@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ Means "if we assume that A, B".
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## もし(も)
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Used with conditional forms ば, と, たら and ても (see [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]]).
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Used with conditional forms ば, と, たら and ても (see [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも|Even if: ても・でも]]).
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もしも puts more emphasis than もし.
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> [!info] Example
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# Misc.
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## ~まい (NEW!)
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## ~まい
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~まい is the opposition of the volitional form (よう). It means "will not".
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Careful of two exceptions:
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> この{川|かわは{危|あぶ}ないようだ。ここで{泳|およぐ}ぐ==まい==。
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> This river seems dangerous. I won't swim here.
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## ~得る・~得ない (NEW!)
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## ~得る・~得ない
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{得|え}る means "able to", "possible". Can be conjugated: えない, えた, えなかった.
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Made by:
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Made by:
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⚠ Can also be read うる (on this tense only).
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## ぬ (NEW!)
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## ぬ
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It is the traditional negative form of verbs: ぬ instead of ない.
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Exceptions:
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@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Used with verbs in て form.
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> {夜|よる}ので、{歌|うた}え==ている場合じゃない==！
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> It's night, so it's no time to be singing!
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## てばかりはいられない (NEW!)
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## てばかりはいられない
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Means "can't keep doing". Can also be used as てばかりもいられない.
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@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Means "can't keep doing". Can also be used as てばかりもいられない.
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> {走|は}==ってばかりはいられない==。
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> I can't keep running.
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## ていては (NEW!)
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## ていては
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Means "if something continues". Used generally for negative outcomes.
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Only used for verbs.
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@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ Only used for verbs.
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> {酒|さけ}しかを{飲|の}ん==でいては==、{健康|けんこう}が{悪|わる}くなる。
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> If you only drink alcool, your health will worsen.
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## てならない (NEW!)
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## てならない
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Means "extremely", "can't help but to do". Usually used for natural things occuring that cannot be controlled, like feeling.
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@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Means "extremely", "can't help but to do". Usually used for natural things occur
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> この{町|まち}には{寒|さむ}く==てならない==。
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> It's extremely cold in this town.
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## てたまらない (NEW!)
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## てたまらない
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With verbs conjugated in the たい form, this means "can't help but want to".
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With other forms, this means "extremely".
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@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ With other forms, this means "extremely".
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> {留学|りゅうがく}に{行|い}きたく==てたまらない==。
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> I can't help but want to go abroad.
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## てはいられない (NEW!)
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## てはいられない
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Means "unable to", "cannot afford to".
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Only for **verbs**.
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> I bought a cake for my mother.
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>
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For casual language, ==てやる== can be used.
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For casual language, てやる can be used.
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## てくれる
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@ -68,9 +68,7 @@ Used to make a supposition. Would translate to something like "even if... is the
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> ==たとえ=={新幹線|しん|かん|せん}==でも==、１時間かかる。
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> Even if you take the Shinkansen, it will take one hour.
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# NEW
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## てでも (NEW!)
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### てでも
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Means "even if I have to". Expresses a strong determination to do something.
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# Te-Form (5) - Misc
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## て以来 (NEW!)
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## て以来
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て{以来|いらい} means "since". Not used for recent events.
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
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> {日本|にほん}に{引|ひ}っ{越|こき}し==て以来==、{帰国|きこく}していませんでした。
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> Ever since I moved to Japan, I haven't been back to my own country.
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## てこそ (NEW!)
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## てこそ
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Means "since", "only if", "unless", "until". Emphasizes on the relationship between the two parts of the sentence.
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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Means "since", "only if", "unless", "until". Emphasizes on the relationship betw
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> {先生|せんせい}にな==ってこそ==、{観点|かんてん}が{変|か}わる。
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> Only by becoming a teacher, your perspective changes.
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## てまで (NEW!)
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## てまで
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Means "to go as far as", "to do excessive effort".
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Means "to go as far as", "to do excessive effort".
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> カードゲームが{好|す}きですけど、{全部|ぜんぶ}の{給料|きゅうりょう}を{費|つい}やし==てまで==と{思|おも}わない。
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> I like card games, but I don't want to spend my entire salary on them.
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## て当然だ (NEW!)
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## て当然だ
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て{当然|とうぜん}だ means that something is natural, expected.
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@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Means "to go as far as", "to do excessive effort".
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> 私が{作|つく}ったから、{完璧|かんぺき}==で当然だ==！
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> I made it, so obviously it's perfect!
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## ては・では (NEW!)
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## ては・では
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It is used as a condition: "if", "when", "whenever". Generally expresses a negative outcome.
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は can be changed to ちゃ with verbs, and じゃ with な-adjectives and nouns.
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@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ It is used as a condition: "if", "when", "whenever". Generally expresses a negat
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> {授業|じゅぎょう}に{来|こ}なく==ては=={卒業|そつぎょう}できない。
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> If you don't come to class, you will not be able to graduate.
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## ては~ては (NEW!)
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## ては~ては
|
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Same structure as [[TeF (5) - Misc#ては・では (NEW!)]], this time only used with verbs. Means the repetition of an action or a phenomenon.
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Same structure as [[TeF (5) - Misc#ては・では]], this time only used with verbs. Means the repetition of an action or a phenomenon.
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The verbs can be in the same order or not in the two part.
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> [!info] Example
|
||||
|
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8
index.md
8
index.md
@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ Of course, since I'm _learning_ the language, I need to get inspired from differ
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* [Bunpro](https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points)
|
||||
* [JLPT Sensei](https://jlptsensei.com/#jlpt-grammar-lists)
|
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* [Maggie Sensei](https://maggiesensei.com/)
|
||||
* [Try! Series of books](https://2024.ask-books.com/tag/try/)
|
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* [Try! Series of books](https://ask-books.com/tag/try/)
|
||||
* [A Handbook of Japanese Grammar](https://www.9640.jp/nihongo/en/detail/?678)
|
||||
* [Hedgehog Japanese](https://hedgehog-japanese.com/category/grammar/)
|
||||
* [Wasabi](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/category/japanese-grammar/)
|
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* [Japanese StackExchange](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/)
|
||||
* [Guide du Japonais](https://guidedujaponais.fr/)
|
||||
* [Tofugu](https://www.tofugu.com)
|
||||
* [Imabi](https://imabi.org/table-of-contents-%e7%9b%ae%e6%ac%a1/)
|
||||
* [Tae-Kim's Guide](https://guidetojapanese.org/learn/)
|
||||
@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ In addition to those I cited, here are other resources I find useful.
|
||||
* [Jisho](https://jisho.org/), an online dictionary
|
||||
* [Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org), for its sentences database
|
||||
|
||||
### Apps
|
||||
|
||||
- [Anki](https://apps.ankiweb.net/), the spaced repetition software
|
||||
|
||||
## Any errors?
|
||||
|
||||
If you find any error, please do contact me! I wrote the examples by myself, so they might not be accurate. You can find my website in the footer of any page of this website. Thanks!
|
||||
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Means "already". More formal than もう, implies that something is too late and
|
||||
> {遅|おそ}く{起|お}きたので==すでに==バスは{出発|しゅっぱつ}してしまった。
|
||||
> I woke up late, so the bus already left.
|
||||
|
||||
## どうせ (NEW!)
|
||||
## どうせ
|
||||
|
||||
Means "anyhow", "at any rate".
|
||||
|
||||
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Means "anyhow", "at any rate".
|
||||
> ==どうせ==、{僕|ぼく}のアドバイスを{聞|き}かないんでしょう。
|
||||
> Anyhow, you won't listen to advice, right?
|
||||
|
||||
## なお (NEW!)
|
||||
## なお
|
||||
|
||||
Means "more", "in addition". Used in writing.
|
||||
Can be used:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Used with the たら form of verbs.
|
||||
> 何を{飲|の}ん==だらいいですか==。
|
||||
> What should I drink?
|
||||
|
||||
## ことだ (NEW!)
|
||||
## ことだ
|
||||
|
||||
Means "should do". It is used for suggestion or giving advice in spoken language.
|
||||
Used after verbs with a る or ない ending.
|
||||
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Used after verbs with a る or ない ending.
|
||||
> {砂糖|さとう}が{多|おお}すぎる{食|た}べ{物|もの}を{食|た}べない==ことだ==。
|
||||
> You shouldn't eat food that is too high in sugar.
|
||||
|
||||
## ようではないか (NEW!)
|
||||
## ようではないか
|
||||
|
||||
Means "why don't we", "shall we", "let's do". Used with a verb in the volitional form (おう). ではないか can be replaced by じゃないか.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
# Amounts of frequency
|
||||
|
||||
## 再び (NEW!)
|
||||
## 再び
|
||||
|
||||
{再|ふたた}び means "again", "once more".
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Used with words in negative form.
|
||||
> どうしてエアコンを{付|つ}きましたか。{今|いま}は==別に=={暑|あつ}==くない==よ。
|
||||
> Why did you turn on the AC? It's not that hot right now.
|
||||
|
||||
## わずかに (NEW!)
|
||||
## わずかに
|
||||
|
||||
Means "slightly", "only", "a little". Used at the beginning of a phrase to indicate a particularly small amount of something.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Means "no matter what".
|
||||
|
||||
## At least
|
||||
|
||||
### 少なくとも (NEW!)
|
||||
### 少なくとも
|
||||
|
||||
{少|すく}なくとも means "at least". Implies an obligation.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Means "no matter what".
|
||||
> ==少なくとも==もっと{三人|さんにん}が{必要|ひつよう}です。
|
||||
> At least three more people are required.
|
||||
|
||||
### せめて (NEW!)
|
||||
### せめて
|
||||
|
||||
Means "at least". Implies a request.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Means "at least". Implies a request.
|
||||
> ==せめて=={週|しゅう}に{一度|いちど}{勉強|べんきょう}してください。
|
||||
> Please study at least once a week.
|
||||
|
||||
## だけましだ (NEW!)
|
||||
## だけましだ
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ Means "as much as possible". なるべく is a bit softer than できるだけ.
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Means "so much... that".
|
||||
Adjectives nominalized can be used as nouns. See [[Transformation#~さ adjective as noun]] and [[Transformation#~み adjective as noun]].
|
||||
Nominalized adjectives can be used as nouns. See [[Transformation#~さ adjective as noun]] and [[Transformation#~み adjective as noun]].
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> おいしさの==あまり==、このレストラン{毎日|まいにち}行きたい。
|
||||
@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ Means "so much... that". A version of あまり that can also be used with adjec
|
||||
|
||||
## Not at all
|
||||
|
||||
### ちっとも~ない (NEW!)
|
||||
### ちっとも~ない
|
||||
|
||||
Means "not at all". Has a nuance of perhaps happening once or twice. It is casual.
|
||||
Used with a verb in the negative (ない) form.
|
||||
@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ Used with a verb in the negative (ない) form.
|
||||
> ==ちっとも=={学校|がっこう}を{休|やす}まない。
|
||||
> I never miss school.
|
||||
|
||||
### 少しも~ない (NEW!)
|
||||
### 少しも~ない
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<p class="iright">少しも + </p>
|
||||
@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ Used with a verb in the negative (ない) form.
|
||||
> そのアパートは==少しも==大きくなかった。
|
||||
> That appartment was really not big.
|
||||
|
||||
### 全く~ない (NEW!)
|
||||
### 全く~ない
|
||||
|
||||
{全|まった}く~ない means "not at all". Has a nuance of absolutely never happening.
|
||||
Used with a verb in the negative (ない) form.
|
||||
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Used with a verb in the negative (ない) form.
|
||||
> ==全く=={信|しん}じられない。
|
||||
> That is absolutely unbelievable.
|
||||
|
||||
### として~ない (NEW!)
|
||||
### として~ない
|
||||
|
||||
Means "not at all". Has a nuance of absolutely never happening.
|
||||
Insists more on the duration: "not even".
|
||||
@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ Used before a a duration, a number, etc.
|
||||
> {彼女|かのじょ}は{一日|いちにち}==として=={仕事|しごと}を{遅|おく}れなかった。
|
||||
> She has never missed a day of work, not even one day.
|
||||
|
||||
### 全然 (NEW!)
|
||||
### 全然
|
||||
|
||||
{全然|ぜんぜん} means "not at all".
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Also means "to the extent of".
|
||||
> 食べなくて{寝|ね}たい==ぐらい=={疲|つか}れています。
|
||||
> I'm tired to the extent of not eating and going to sleep.
|
||||
|
||||
## ばかり (NEW!)
|
||||
## ばかり
|
||||
|
||||
Means "about" or "approximately", when used with nouns indicating time or distance. Has the same meaning as ぐらい or ほど, but only in written form.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ See [[🔰 Particles (1)#は]].
|
||||
<p class="right">+ 程</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Like くらい, it describes an approximate amount. It focuses on a limit being reached. It translates to "about" or "to the extent".
|
||||
{程|ほど}, like くらい, it describes an approximate amount. It focuses on a limit being reached. It translates to "about" or "to the extent".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {地下鉄|ちかてつ}を{乗|の}るために、{死|し}ぬ==程=={走|はし}った。
|
||||
> In order to catch the subway, I ran to death.
|
||||
|
||||
## 一応 (NEW!)
|
||||
## 一応
|
||||
|
||||
{一応|いちおう} means "more or less", "roughly".
|
||||
Can also mean "just in case". Used to tell the minimum required amount is done.
|
||||
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Used with {少|すこ}し, means "little by little".
|
||||
> ２{個|こ}==ずつ==ください。
|
||||
> I'll take two of each please.
|
||||
|
||||
## ろくに～ない (NEW!)
|
||||
## ろくに～ない
|
||||
|
||||
Means "not enough, improperly, insufficiently". Used with a negative phrase.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
# Based on
|
||||
|
||||
## からして (NEW!)
|
||||
## からして
|
||||
|
||||
Means "based on", "judging from". Extracts a conclusion from an observation.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Also used to present an extreme example where if A is true, then of course B wil
|
||||
> もちろん{親|おや}さんはうるさい==からしたら==、{子供|こども}もうるさいです。
|
||||
> Of course if the parents are noisy, the kids will also be.
|
||||
|
||||
## をもとに・に沿って (NEW!)
|
||||
## をもとに・に沿って
|
||||
|
||||
をもとに and に{沿|そ}って mean "based on", "in accordance with". Use a source to do something, following it.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> この{教科書|きょうかしょ}==をもとに==、{練習問題|れんしゅうもんだい}を{作|つく}った。
|
||||
> Based on this text textbook, I made practice questions.
|
||||
|
||||
## に基づいて (NEW!)
|
||||
## に基づいて
|
||||
|
||||
に{基|もと}づいて means "based on". It is more formal than をもとに and に沿って.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> この{映画|えいが}は{漫画|まんが}==に基づいた==。
|
||||
> This movie was based on a manga.
|
||||
|
||||
## に応えて (NEW!)
|
||||
## に応えて
|
||||
|
||||
に{応|こた}えて means "in response to". Implies a change depending on what is necessary, suitable, etc.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> {社長|しゃちょう}の{願|ねが}う==に応えて==、{残業|ざんぎょう}をしました。
|
||||
> In reponse to my boss's request, I worked overtime.
|
||||
|
||||
## に応じて (NEW!)
|
||||
## に応じて
|
||||
|
||||
に{応|おう}じて means "in accordance with". It is less direct than に応えて.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> {社長|しゃちょう}の{願|ねが}う==に応じて==、{残業|ざんぎょう}をしました。
|
||||
> In response to my boss's request, I worked overtime. (the request might have been implicit, and not asked directly)
|
||||
|
||||
## の下で・のもとに (NEW!)
|
||||
## の下で・のもとに
|
||||
|
||||
の{下|もと}で・の{下|もと}に means "under", "on the basis of".
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Made with a verb in the negative form (ない) without the ない ending and add
|
||||
> {悲|かな}しいのでアイスクリーム食べ==ずには入れれない==。
|
||||
> I'm sad so I can't help but eat ice cream.
|
||||
|
||||
## ないではいられない (NEW!)
|
||||
## ないではいられない
|
||||
|
||||
This means "cannot help doing something". Has the same nuance as ずにはいられない。
|
||||
Made with a verb in the negative form (ない) without the ない ending and adding ではいられない.
|
||||
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Made with a verb in the negative form (ない) without the ない ending and add
|
||||
> ゲームをし==ないではいられない==。
|
||||
> I can't help but play games.
|
||||
|
||||
## ざるを得ない (NEW!)
|
||||
## ざるを得ない
|
||||
|
||||
ざるを{得|え}ない means "can't help doing". Implies that it is not the first choice, but that there is no other option available.
|
||||
Made with a verb in the negative form (ない) and adding ざるを得ない.
|
||||
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Exception: する becomes せ.
|
||||
<p class="right">+ もかまわない・もかまいません</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Means "it doesn't matter if", "I don't mind".
|
||||
ても{構|かま}わない means "it doesn't matter if", "I don't mind".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> ここで{座|すわ}==っても構いません==か。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
## Certain
|
||||
|
||||
### に決まっている (NEW!)
|
||||
### に決まっている
|
||||
|
||||
に{決|き}まっている means "certain that". It is casual.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
|
||||
> {絶対|ぜったい}に来る==に違いない==。
|
||||
> He's definitely coming.
|
||||
|
||||
### に相違ない (NEW!)
|
||||
### に相違ない
|
||||
|
||||
に{相|そう}{違|い}ない means "certain that". It is very formal.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
|
||||
> 彼女は{必|かなら}ず{悲|かな}しい==に相違ない==。
|
||||
> I'm certain that she's sad.
|
||||
|
||||
## Uncertain: というものではない (NEW!)
|
||||
## Uncertain: というものではない
|
||||
|
||||
Means "there is no guarantee that", "not necessarily".
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
|
||||
> この１３時間{飛行|ひこう}で{座|すわ}り==っぱなし==でした。
|
||||
> I sat the entire time on this 13 hours flight.
|
||||
|
||||
## ~かねる (NEW!)
|
||||
## ~かねる
|
||||
|
||||
~かねる means "unable to do", due to an external circumstance. It is polite.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
|
||||
> ごめんなさい、それをでき==かねます==。
|
||||
> I'm sorry, I cannot do that.
|
||||
|
||||
## ~っこない (NEW!)
|
||||
## ~っこない
|
||||
|
||||
~っこない means that something is not possible.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -146,15 +146,15 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
|
||||
> {全然|ぜんぜん}{勉強|べんきょう}しなかった。。。{合格|ごうかく}し==っこない==よ。
|
||||
> I did not study at all... There's no way I'll pass.
|
||||
|
||||
## ~抜く (NEW!)
|
||||
## ~抜く
|
||||
|
||||
~{抜|ぬく}く means to do something to the end, or completely. The nuance is that someone tried hard and has made an effort to achieve this result.
|
||||
~{抜|ぬ}く means to do something to the end, or completely. The nuance is that someone tried hard and has made an effort to achieve this result.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> それは{毎日|まいにち}やり==抜く=={無理|むり}ですよ。
|
||||
> You cannot do this every day.
|
||||
|
||||
## ~給え (NEW!)
|
||||
## ~給え
|
||||
|
||||
~{給|たま}え is used for a light order. It is used by someone of higher rank to someone of lower rank.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
|
||||
> ここに{座|すわ}り==給え==。
|
||||
> Seat here.
|
||||
|
||||
## ~つつ(も) (NEW!)
|
||||
## ~つつ(も)
|
||||
|
||||
~つつ means that something happens at the same time as another action. Adding も adds the meaning of "even": "even while doing".
|
||||
|
||||
@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ It focuses on the end of the action rather than the process.
|
||||
> 食べ==つつ==、飲みましょう。
|
||||
> While eating, let's drink.
|
||||
|
||||
## ~つつある (NEW!)
|
||||
## ~つつある
|
||||
|
||||
~つつある means that something is in an ongoing process or action, in a similar manner as てくる.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
## より
|
||||
|
||||
With the following pattern, it means that A is "more" Adj "than" B.
|
||||
With the following pattern, it means that A is "more" something "than" B.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<p class="r">AはB +</p>
|
||||
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ With the following pattern, it means that A is "more" Adj "than" B.
|
||||
> 電車は車==より=={速|はや}いです。
|
||||
> Trains are faster than cars.
|
||||
|
||||
Do not confuse with [[🔰 Particles (2)#より (NEW!)]].
|
||||
Do not confuse with [[🔰 Particles (2)#より]].
|
||||
|
||||
## より(も)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ See also [[Amounts#ほど]].
|
||||
> {中国|ちゅうごく}{料理|りょうり}は{韓国|かんこく}{料理|りょうり}==ほど=={辛|から}く==ない==です。
|
||||
> Korean food is spicier than Chinese food.
|
||||
|
||||
## ならまだしも (NEW!)
|
||||
## ならまだしも
|
||||
|
||||
Means that A is okay, but B is not. "Rather", "instead".
|
||||
|
||||
@ -128,18 +128,18 @@ Means that A is okay, but B is not. "Rather", "instead".
|
||||
> {寒|さむ}いだけ==ならまだしも==、{雨|あめ}が{降|ふ}ているから行きたくない。
|
||||
> It would be fine if it was just cold, but since it's raining I don't want to go.
|
||||
|
||||
## に限る (NEW!)
|
||||
## に限る
|
||||
|
||||
Means "the best is".
|
||||
に{限|かぎ}る means "the best is".
|
||||
Used with verbs and nouns.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> パンなら、フランス==に限る==。
|
||||
> Bread is best in France.
|
||||
|
||||
## に越したことはない (NEW!)
|
||||
## に越したことはない
|
||||
|
||||
に{越|こし}したことはない means "there's nothing better than...". Implies that is nice to reach it.
|
||||
に{越|こし}したことはない means "there's nothing better than...". Implies that it is nice to reach it.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {健康|けんこう}のために{早|はや}く{寝|ね}る==に越したことはない==。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Used to introduce a new topic of conversation. Translates to "by the way".
|
||||
> ==ところで==、車の{修理|しゅうり}はどう。
|
||||
> By the way, how are the repairs for your car?
|
||||
|
||||
## By the way: ちなみに (NEW!)
|
||||
## By the way: ちなみに
|
||||
|
||||
Used to provide a new information on the current topic of conversation. Translates to "by the way".
|
||||
|
||||
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Used to provide a new information on the current topic of conversation. Translat
|
||||
> {駅|えき}に行くつもりです。==ちなみに==、駅の{前|まえ}には{新|あたら}しいレストランが{開|あけた}けたと言われた。
|
||||
> I'm going to the train station. By the way, I heard that a new restaurant has opened in front of the station.
|
||||
|
||||
## Come to think of it: そう言えば (NEW!)
|
||||
## Come to think of it: そう言えば
|
||||
|
||||
Used to talk about a topic connected to the previous one, as something that is remembered.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
# Consequence
|
||||
|
||||
## に関わる (NEW!)
|
||||
## に関わる
|
||||
|
||||
に{関|かか}わる means "to affect", "to be involved". Used with nouns that express something influential.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> {命|いのち}==に関わる=={事故|じこ}がありました。
|
||||
> There was a life-threatening incident.
|
||||
|
||||
## がきっかけで・をきっかけに (NEW!)
|
||||
## がきっかけで・をきっかけに
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Means "to take advantage of", "because of", "as an opportunity to". It is a comm
|
||||
> {彼女|かのじょ}と{出会|であ}ったの==がきっかけで==、ポップ{音楽|おんがく}が{好|す}き{始|はじ}まった。
|
||||
> After meeting her, I started liking pop music.
|
||||
|
||||
## を契機に (NEW!)
|
||||
## を契機に
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Means "to take advantage of", "because of", "as an opportunity to". It is a comm
|
||||
> {戦争|せんそう}==を契機に==、{人々|ひとびと}は{家|いえ}を{失|うしな}った。
|
||||
> As a result of the war, people lost their homes.
|
||||
|
||||
## そうすると (NEW!)
|
||||
## そうすると
|
||||
|
||||
Means "having done that". Used for something where there is no control, or to confirm an information.
|
||||
Used at the beginning of a phrase.
|
||||
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Used at the beginning of a phrase.
|
||||
> ゆっくり{食|た}べてみて。==そうすると==、おいしくなる。
|
||||
> Try eating slower. Doing that, it will taste better.
|
||||
|
||||
## 甲斐がある (NEW!)
|
||||
## 甲斐がある
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Means "named", "called".
|
||||
> {台風|たいふう}が来る==という==ニュース。
|
||||
> A news that a typhoon is coming.
|
||||
|
||||
## いわゆる (NEW!)
|
||||
## いわゆる
|
||||
|
||||
Means "called".
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
# Emphasis
|
||||
|
||||
## に限って (NEW!)
|
||||
## に限って
|
||||
|
||||
に{限|かぎ}って means "particularly when", "only when".
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> このレストランは{金曜日|きにょうび==に限って==、{特別|とくべつな{食|た}べ{物|もの}を{作|つ}る。
|
||||
> This restaurant only makes special food on Fridays.
|
||||
|
||||
## ことに (NEW!)
|
||||
## ことに
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Means "particularly", "especially". Used to describe and emphasize the speaker's
|
||||
> こんなに{長|なが}い{間|あいだ}{彼|かれ}から{連絡|れんらく}があった==ことに=={驚|おどろ}きました。
|
||||
> I was surprised to hear from him after such a long time.
|
||||
|
||||
## それなら (NEW!)
|
||||
## それなら
|
||||
|
||||
Means "if that's the case". Highlights the previous statement.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Means "if that's the case". Highlights the previous statement.
|
||||
> {今週|こんしゅう}{忙|いそが}しいんでしょうか。==それなら==、{来週|らいしゅう}はどうですか。
|
||||
> You're busy this week, right? Then, what about the next one?
|
||||
|
||||
## だって (NEW!)
|
||||
## だって
|
||||
|
||||
Means "even someone". It is informal.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ With verbs and adjectives, かどうか is placed before.
|
||||
> {勝|かつ}かどうか==は別として==、{試合|しあい}をやってみたい。
|
||||
> Whether we win or not, I want to play the game.
|
||||
|
||||
## を除いて (NEW!)
|
||||
## を除いて
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Means "also", "as well". Means that both N1 and N2 are true (and should share a
|
||||
> {母|はは}はポルトガル{語|ご}==も==できれ==ば==スペイン{語|ご}==も=={話|はな}せる。
|
||||
> My mother can speak Portuguese as well as Spanish.
|
||||
|
||||
## おまけに (NEW!)
|
||||
## おまけに
|
||||
|
||||
Means "in addition". Used for emphasis for similar qualities (positive, negative). Used orally.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Means "in addition". Used for emphasis for similar qualities (positive, negative
|
||||
> {暑|あつ}くて==おまけに==エアコンが{壊|こわ}れてしまった。
|
||||
> It was hot, and to make matters worse, the air conditioning broke.
|
||||
|
||||
## しかも (NEW!)
|
||||
## しかも
|
||||
|
||||
Means "moreover", "what's more". Talks about a same subject, for objective information, implying that A and B exist at the same time. It is similar to おまけに, but used for writing.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Means "moreover", "what's more". Talks about a same subject, for objective infor
|
||||
> この{家|いえ}は{狭|せま}い==上に=={家賃|やちん}は{高|たか}すぎる。
|
||||
> This house is small, and the rent is too expensive.
|
||||
|
||||
## その上 (NEW!)
|
||||
## その上
|
||||
|
||||
その{上|うえ} means "besides", "in addition". Means the same as 上に, but with two separate sentences.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Means "moreover", "what's more". Talks about a same subject, for objective infor
|
||||
> この{家|いえ}は{狭|せま}い。==その上==、{家賃|やちん}は{高|たか}すぎる。
|
||||
> This house is small. In addition, the rent is too expensive.
|
||||
|
||||
## に加えて (NEW!)
|
||||
## に加えて
|
||||
|
||||
に{加|くわ}えて means "in addition to". It is formal, and often used in business settings.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Means "not only but also", "not to mention". The most common form.
|
||||
> このゲームセンターにはゲーム==はもちろん==ボウリング==も==あります。
|
||||
> This game center not only has games but also bowling.
|
||||
|
||||
### はもとより (NEW!)
|
||||
### はもとより
|
||||
|
||||
Means "not only but also". Similar meaning than はもちろん. Conveys a sense of continuity. Used mostly in writing.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Means "instead" or "rather".
|
||||
<p class="right">+ 代わりに</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
{代|か}わりに means "instead of", "in exchange for". Generally used about things.
|
||||
{代|か}わりに means "instead of", "in exchange for". Generally used to talk about things.
|
||||
Does not have a notion of replacing in a temporal transition, more like a one off occurrence.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Examples
|
||||
|
||||
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ This particles means "and" or "with". Used for a list that is exhaustive. Connec
|
||||
> フランス語==と==スペイン語を習っています。
|
||||
> I am learning French and Spanish.
|
||||
|
||||
### 及び (NEW!)
|
||||
### 及び
|
||||
|
||||
{及|およ}び means "and", like と. Used in formal settings.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> お金がないのでカフェ**や**レストラン==など=={払|はら}えない。
|
||||
> I can't pay things like cafes or restaurant (etc.) because I have no money.
|
||||
|
||||
### といった (NEW!)
|
||||
### といった
|
||||
|
||||
Used to describe typical examples: "things as", "like", "such as". It is casual. It has the same meaning as など.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ It can be used to emphasize something when used at the end of a sentence.
|
||||
> 言ってない==し==！
|
||||
> I never said that!
|
||||
|
||||
### やら~やら (NEW!)
|
||||
### やら~やら
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Used with a noun.
|
||||
> 台風==により==、出かけられない。
|
||||
> Because of the typhoon, I cannot go out.
|
||||
|
||||
## 次第で (NEW!)
|
||||
## 次第で
|
||||
|
||||
{次第|しだい}で means "depending on". The difference with によって is that the options are limited and quantifiable.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Means "just as", "precisely". Can be written as 通り.
|
||||
> {計画|けいかく}==どおり=={間|ま}に{合|あ}った。
|
||||
> We arrived on time as planned.
|
||||
|
||||
## だけは (NEW!)
|
||||
## だけは
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
# Natural, expected
|
||||
|
||||
## 当然だ (NEW!)
|
||||
## 当然だ
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
@ -27,13 +27,13 @@
|
||||
<p class="r">+ は・も + 当然だ</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
も{当然|とうぜん}だ means "it is only natural", "no wonder".
|
||||
{当然|とうぜん}だ means "it is only natural", "no wonder".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Examples
|
||||
> {彼女|かのじょ}に{負|ま}けた==のは当然だ==、プロだから。
|
||||
> It's no wonder I lost to her, she's a pro.
|
||||
|
||||
## のももっともだ (NEW!)
|
||||
## のももっともだ
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Means "no wonder", "is only natural".
|
||||
> {超自然的|ちょうしぜんてき}があるから、その{話|はなし}は{信|しん}じられない==のはもっともだ==。
|
||||
> There's supernatural elements, so it's only natural that this story is hard to believe.
|
||||
|
||||
## ものだ (NEW!)
|
||||
## ものだ
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Means "normally" or "should". Used to describe conventions, common sense, or wha
|
||||
> {毎日|まいにち}２{回|かい}{歯|は}を{磨|みが}く==ものだ==。
|
||||
> You're supposed to brush your teeth twice a day.
|
||||
|
||||
## だけのことはある (NEW!)
|
||||
## だけのことはある
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Means "as expected", "not surprising". Often used with [[Adverbs#さすが|さ
|
||||
> {彼女|かのじょ}は{上手|じょうず}ですね。さすが{毎日|まいにち}{練習|れんしゅう}==だけのことはある==なあ。
|
||||
> She's very good. As expected from someone who trains everyday.
|
||||
|
||||
## と考えられる (NEW!)
|
||||
## と考えられる
|
||||
|
||||
と{考|かんが}えられる means "is thought to be", "can be considered as". Used to convey an objective or widely spread opinion, contrary to と思われる.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Means "as expected", "not surprising". Often used with [[Adverbs#さすが|さ
|
||||
> タバコは{健康|けんこう}に{悪|わる}い==と考えられています==。
|
||||
> Tobacco is considered bad for one's health.
|
||||
|
||||
## だけに (NEW!)
|
||||
## だけに
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ The contrary of べきだ is べきではない・べきじゃない.
|
||||
> そんあ==はずがありません==。
|
||||
> This cannot be true.
|
||||
|
||||
## ねばならない (NEW!)
|
||||
## ねばならない
|
||||
|
||||
Means "must", "have to". Made by removing the ない verb ending and replacing it by ねばならない. It is a formal and literary structure.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Similar in the quotation sense to [[Description#って・って言う・と言
|
||||
|
||||
## と聞いた
|
||||
|
||||
Used for something you heard by someone identifiable: for example, you were told by someone.
|
||||
と{聞|きい}いた is used for something you heard by someone identifiable: for example, you were told by someone.
|
||||
Mostly used formally.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Mostly used formally.
|
||||
|
||||
## と言われている
|
||||
|
||||
Used when you heard something, but not from someone specifically identifiable: general knowledge, a rumour, etc.
|
||||
と{言|い}われている is used when you heard something, but not from someone specifically identifiable: general knowledge, a rumour, etc.
|
||||
For nouns, だ is placed before.
|
||||
Mostly used formally.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Used with nouns. With verbs, ところ is added before.
|
||||
> {天気予報|てんきよほう}==によると=={今日|きょう}は{雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}るようだ。
|
||||
> According to the weather forecast, it's supposed to snow today.
|
||||
|
||||
## とか(で) (NEW!)
|
||||
## とか(で)
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ This is used (unlike other forms that can apply to abstract similarities) exclus
|
||||
> {彼女|かのじょ}はフランス人==に見える==。
|
||||
> She looks like she is French.
|
||||
|
||||
## かのよう{だ・に・な} (NEW!)
|
||||
## かのよう{だ・に・な}
|
||||
|
||||
Means "as if", "just like".
|
||||
Use かのうようだ if it is ending the sentence, かのうように before a verb, かのような before a noun.
|
||||
@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ Use かのうようだ if it is ending the sentence, かのうように before a
|
||||
> このゲームは{現実|げんじつ}==かのようだ==。
|
||||
> This game is just like reality.
|
||||
|
||||
## どうやら (NEW!)
|
||||
## どうやら
|
||||
|
||||
Means "it seems like", used with notions like ようだ or らしい.
|
||||
Used at the beginning of a phrase.
|
||||
@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ Used at the beginning of a phrase.
|
||||
> ==どうやら=={離婚|りこん}したようだ。
|
||||
> Apparently they got divorced.
|
||||
|
||||
## げ (NEW!)
|
||||
## げ
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
# Observation
|
||||
|
||||
## ところを見ると (NEW!)
|
||||
## ところを見ると
|
||||
|
||||
ところを{見|み}ると means "judging from".
|
||||
Used with verbs.
|
||||
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Used with verbs.
|
||||
> ヘルメットを{被|かぶ}ている==ところを見ると==、{自転車|じてんしゃ}で{来|き}ました。
|
||||
> Judging from the fact that he's wearing a helmet, he must have come by bicycle.
|
||||
|
||||
## からすると・からすれば (NEW!)
|
||||
## からすると・からすれば
|
||||
|
||||
Means "judging from", "considering".
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Can also be used as だけではなく.
|
||||
> この{都市|とし}は大きい==だけでなく==、きれいでもある。
|
||||
> This city is not only big, it's also pretty.
|
||||
|
||||
## のみ (NEW!)
|
||||
## のみ
|
||||
|
||||
It is a more formal, written version of だけ. It is only used with nouns.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Can also be used as ばかりか, for a slightly stronger effect.
|
||||
> 彼女は{綺麗|きれい}==ばかりでなく=={天才|てんさい}もあるです。
|
||||
> She's not only beautiful, she's also a genius.
|
||||
|
||||
## に限らず (NEW!)
|
||||
## に限らず
|
||||
|
||||
に{限|かぎ}らず means "not only A, but also B".
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> この{店|みせ}は{平日|へいじつ}==に限らず==、{週末|しゅうまつ}も{営業|えいぎょう}している。
|
||||
> This store is open not only on weekdays but also on weekends.
|
||||
|
||||
## のみならず (NEW!)
|
||||
## のみならず
|
||||
|
||||
Means "not only, but also".
|
||||
|
||||
@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Used with a verb in て form.
|
||||
> {僕|ぼく}の{犬|いぬ}は{鳴|な}け==てばかりいる==。
|
||||
> My dog is always barking.
|
||||
|
||||
## でしかない (NEW!)
|
||||
## でしかない
|
||||
|
||||
Means "nothing but" or "no more than". More often than not conveys a negative nuance.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> {彼|かれ}は{子供|こども}==でしかない==。
|
||||
> He nothing more than a child.
|
||||
|
||||
## に過ぎない (NEW!)
|
||||
## に過ぎない
|
||||
|
||||
に{過|す}ぎない means "just", "no more than". Used for something that is not of great quality, quantity or level.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Means "although". Puts a nuance to the first statement describing that it is not
|
||||
> {彼|かれ}は{医者|いしゃ}==といっても==、あまり{頭|あたま}が{良|よ}くない。
|
||||
> He may be a doctor, but he is not very smart.
|
||||
|
||||
## にも関わらず (NEW!)
|
||||
## にも関わらず
|
||||
|
||||
にも{関|かか}わらず means "regardless", "despite".
|
||||
|
||||
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Means "although". Puts a nuance to the first statement describing that it is not
|
||||
> {危険|きけん}==にもかかわらず==、{彼|かれ}はまだそれをやった。
|
||||
> Despite the danger, he still did it.
|
||||
|
||||
## ものの (NEW!)
|
||||
## ものの
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Means "although", "even though". It is formal. Similar to のに. The first part
|
||||
> {今日|きょう}は{晴|は}れた==ものの==とても{寒|さむ}い。
|
||||
> It is sunny today, but very cold.
|
||||
|
||||
## もっとも (NEW!)
|
||||
## もっとも
|
||||
|
||||
Means "although", "but". Connects two phrases. Used in literature.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Means "despite", "even tough". Has a negative connotation when a situation is no
|
||||
## ながらも
|
||||
|
||||
Means "even while", "despite". It is used to express that while something is one state, something else. Cannot be used for an hypothesis: it is something that is happening right now.
|
||||
See also [[Time#ながら]].
|
||||
See also [[Time - during#ながら]].
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {病気|びょうき}==ながらも==、パーティーに行くつもりです。
|
||||
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ It is used to talk about an unexpected result, that is contradictory to the prec
|
||||
> {自転車|じてんしゃ}の{乗|の}り{方|かた}を{忘|わす}れるはありえないと{思|おも}っていた。==ところが==すっかり{忘|わす}れた。
|
||||
> I thought it was impossible to forget how to ride a bike. However, I completely forgot.
|
||||
|
||||
## からと言って (NEW!)
|
||||
## からと言って
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ It is used to talk about an unexpected result, that is contradictory to the prec
|
||||
> {年上|としうえ}だ==からといって=={正|ただ}しいとは{限|かぎ}りません。
|
||||
> Just because you're older doesn't mean you're right.
|
||||
|
||||
## ことにはならない (NEW!)
|
||||
## ことにはならない
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ Means "just because... doesn't mean that". Used at the end of a sentence.
|
||||
> {卒業|そつぎょう}だからといって今すぐ{就職|しゅうしょく}できます==ことにはならい==。
|
||||
> Just because you graduated doesn't mean you can get a job right away.
|
||||
|
||||
## とも (NEW!)
|
||||
## とも
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Means "even if", "no matter". Similar to ても ([[TeF (4) - even if]]). Used in
|
||||
> {辛|から}く==とも==、{全部|ぜんぶ}{食|た}べるつもりであった。
|
||||
> Even if it was spicy, I planned to eat it all.
|
||||
|
||||
## にせよ・にしろ (NEW!)
|
||||
## にせよ・にしろ
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
|
||||
に{対|たい}して.
|
||||
See [[Towards#In contrast to]].
|
||||
|
||||
## 逆に (NEW!)
|
||||
## 逆に
|
||||
|
||||
{逆|ぎゃく}に means "on the contrary". Means that it is the opposite of something else.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ See [[Towards#In contrast to]].
|
||||
> {人|ひと}が{大体|だいたい}ウサギが{好|す}き==逆に=={彼|かれ}は{嫌|きら}い。
|
||||
> Most people like rabbits, but on the contrary he hates them.
|
||||
|
||||
## かえって (NEW!)
|
||||
## かえって
|
||||
|
||||
Means "on the contrary", "rather". Used for bad results, contrary to what was expected.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Means "on the contrary", "rather". Used for bad results, contrary to what was ex
|
||||
> {薬|くすり}を{飲|の}んだら==却って=={調子|ちょうし}が{悪|わる}くなった。
|
||||
> Despite drinking medicine, on the contrary my condition got worse.
|
||||
|
||||
## 反面 (NEW!)
|
||||
## 反面
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Also used between two phrases as その反面.
|
||||
> スープはおいしい==反面==、ちょっと{冷|つめ}たい。
|
||||
> The soup is good but a bit cold.
|
||||
|
||||
## 一方で (NEW!)
|
||||
## 一方で
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Also used between two phrases as その反面.
|
||||
> その{犬|いぬ}は{大|おお}きい==一方で==、とても{穏|おだ}やかと{親切|しんせつ}です。
|
||||
> The dog is big, but on the other hand he is very calm and kind.
|
||||
|
||||
## に関わらず (NEW!)
|
||||
## に関わらず
|
||||
|
||||
に{関|かか}わらず means "regardless", "no matter".
|
||||
|
||||
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Also used between two phrases as その反面.
|
||||
> ここは{年齢|ねんれい}==に関わらず==、{誰|だれ}でも{歓迎|かんげい}します。
|
||||
> Everyone is welcome here, regardless of age.
|
||||
|
||||
## を問わず (NEW!)
|
||||
## を問わず
|
||||
|
||||
を{問|と}わず means "regardless of".
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> {年齢|ねんれい}==を問わず==、{誰|だれ}でも{歓迎|かんげい}する。
|
||||
> Everyone is welcome, regardless of age.
|
||||
|
||||
## それなのに (NEW!)
|
||||
## それなのに
|
||||
|
||||
Means "and yet".
|
||||
Used to combine two sentences, appearing at the start of the second one.
|
||||
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Used to combine two sentences, appearing at the start of the second one.
|
||||
> {同僚|どうりょ}が{風邪|かぜ}をひいた。==それなのに==、{事務所|じむしょ}に{行|い}くつもりです。
|
||||
> My colleague has a cold. And yet, he plans to go to the office.
|
||||
|
||||
## それにしても (NEW!)
|
||||
## それにしても
|
||||
|
||||
Means "even so", "nevertheless".
|
||||
|
||||
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Means "even so", "nevertheless".
|
||||
> {毎日|まいにち}{頑張|がんば}る、==それにしても==まだ{下手|へた}です。
|
||||
> I try my best every day, but I'm still not very good.
|
||||
|
||||
## はともかく (NEW!)
|
||||
## はともかく
|
||||
|
||||
Means "setting aside", "apart from". Can be completed by として.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> この服は値段==はともかく==、完璧です。
|
||||
> These clothes are perfect, regardless of their price.
|
||||
|
||||
## どころか (NEW!)
|
||||
## どころか
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ Means "far from", "anything but". Negates what comes before and emphases what co
|
||||
> {好|す}きな==どころか==、{事実|じじつ}は{嫌|きら}いだった。
|
||||
> Far from liking it, truth is that I hated it.
|
||||
|
||||
## どころではない (NEW!)
|
||||
## どころではない
|
||||
|
||||
Means "not the time for", "far from", "out of the question". Means that something is not ideal.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
# Point of view
|
||||
|
||||
## にしたら・にすれば (NEW!)
|
||||
## にしたら・にすれば
|
||||
|
||||
Means "from the point of view of", "from the perspective of".
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> 猫==にとって=={睡眠|すい|みん}は{大切|たいせつ}です。
|
||||
> Sleeping is important for cats.
|
||||
|
||||
## の上で・上の (NEW!)
|
||||
## の上で・上の
|
||||
|
||||
の{上|うえ}で・{上|うえ}の means "according to", "from the point of view of". Used for rules, information, data, etc.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> {規則|きそく}==の上で==はタバコを{吸|す}うは{禁止|きんし}です。
|
||||
> According to the rules, smoking is prohibited.
|
||||
|
||||
## 上: from the standpoint of (NEW!)
|
||||
## 上: from the standpoint of
|
||||
|
||||
Attached to a noun, {上|じょう} means "from the standpoint of".
|
||||
|
||||
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Attached to a noun, {上|じょう} means "from the standpoint of".
|
||||
> {法律|ほうりつ}==上==、それは{禁止|きんし}です。
|
||||
> Legally, that is prohibited.
|
||||
|
||||
## ものがある (NEW!)
|
||||
## ものがある
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Means "there is something". Used to express subjective opinion.
|
||||
> この{車|くるま}には{怪|あや}しい==ものがある==。
|
||||
> There's something suspicious about this car.
|
||||
|
||||
## から見ると (NEW!)
|
||||
## から見ると
|
||||
|
||||
から{見|み}ると means "from the point of view of", "by the look of". Used for objective judgment, based on a situation.
|
||||
Also used as から見れば, からみて or からみたら.
|
||||
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Also used as から見れば, からみて or からみたら.
|
||||
> {先生|せんせい}==からみると==、{学生|がくせい}は{怠|なま}け{者|もの}すぎる。
|
||||
> From the teacher's point of view, the students are too lazy.
|
||||
|
||||
## から言うと (NEW!)
|
||||
## から言うと
|
||||
|
||||
から{言|い}うと means "from the point of view of", "by the look of". Used for more subjective judgment, so cannot be used with people.
|
||||
Also used as から言えば or から言って.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Means "cannot". This form implies a strong impossibility. Used with negative ver
|
||||
> {苦|にが}い{食|たべ}べ{物|もの}は==とても==食べられ==ない==。
|
||||
> I cannot eat bitter food.
|
||||
|
||||
## ものか・もんか (NEW!)
|
||||
## ものか・もんか
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Used with verbs in dictionary form.
|
||||
> {説明書|せつめいしょ}を{読|よ}む==しかない==な。
|
||||
> I guess I have no choice but to read to manual.
|
||||
|
||||
## よりほかない・にほかならない (NEW!)
|
||||
## よりほかない・にほかならない
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Used to list one or more possible options.
|
||||
> ジュース==でも==お茶==でも==飲もうか。
|
||||
> Shall we drink something like a juice or tea?
|
||||
|
||||
⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも]].
|
||||
⚠ Do not confuse with [[TeF (4) - even if#Even if ても・でも|Even if: ても・でも]].
|
||||
|
||||
## かどうか
|
||||
|
||||
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> ジュース==か何か=={飲|の}もうか。
|
||||
> Shall we drink something like a juice?
|
||||
|
||||
## ようか~まいか (NEW!)
|
||||
## ようか~まいか
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ This is used to give a choice between a limited set of two options. It is casual
|
||||
> 何が食べたい。ラーメン==それとも==カレーか。
|
||||
> What do you want to eat? Ramen or curry?
|
||||
|
||||
## あるいは (NEW!)
|
||||
## あるいは
|
||||
|
||||
Means "or", "perhaps". Mostly used in written form. Can be used orally, if the difference between the two options is large.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Can be used as もしかしたら, もしかすると and もしかして.
|
||||
> ==もしかして=={今日|きょう}も{郵便局員|ゆうびんきょくいん}が来ません==かもしれない==。
|
||||
> Perhaps the postman will not come today either.
|
||||
|
||||
## かねない (NEW!)
|
||||
## かねない
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Means "possibly", "might", "could be". Usually used for negative outcomes. Mostl
|
||||
> この{道|みち}は{危|あぶ}ないので{事故|じこ}が{起|お}き==かねない==。
|
||||
> This road is dangerous, so an accident might happen.
|
||||
|
||||
## 恐らく (NEW!)
|
||||
## 恐らく
|
||||
|
||||
{恐|おそ}らく means "probably", "perhaps". Placed at the beginning of a phrase. Implies a high probability.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Means "not impossible to", "it is not that". Used with negative forms.
|
||||
> 本を{読|よ}ま==ないことはない==ですが、{最近|さいきん}は{暇|ひま}がない。
|
||||
> It's not that I don't read books, it's just that I don't have free time these days.
|
||||
|
||||
## 恐れがある (NEW!)
|
||||
## 恐れがある
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Means "not impossible to", "it is not that". Used with negative forms.
|
||||
> また{地震|じしん}の==恐らくがある==。{気|き}を{付|つ}けて。
|
||||
> There will probably be another earthquake. Please be careful.
|
||||
|
||||
## ようでは (NEW!)
|
||||
## ようでは
|
||||
|
||||
Means "if". Used when the result would be bad.
|
||||
Used with verbs.
|
||||
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Used with verbs.
|
||||
> {化|ば}け{物|もの}が{来|く}る==ようでは==、あなたを{食|た}べちゃうよ。
|
||||
> If a monster comes, it will eat you.
|
||||
|
||||
## ものなら (NEW!)
|
||||
## ものなら
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Means "if A were possible, then B". Implies that A is either impossible or unlik
|
||||
> {合格|ごうかく}できる==ものなら==、{世界中|せかいじゅう}{一番|いちばん}うれしいなあ。
|
||||
> If I could pass, I would be the happiest in the world (but it is unlikely I'll pass).
|
||||
|
||||
## ないことには～ない (NEW!)
|
||||
## ないことには～ない
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Means "unless you do something".
|
||||
> {運転|うんてん}{免許|めんきょ}を{持|も}った==ないことには=={運転|うんてん}できない。
|
||||
> You can't drive unless you have a driving licence.
|
||||
|
||||
## にしろ~にしろ (NEW!)
|
||||
## にしろ~にしろ
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ Means "whether... or". Can be used as にせろ~にせろ or にしても~にし
|
||||
> {動物|どうぶつ}==にしろ=={植物|しょくぶつ}==にしろ==、その{物質|ぶっしつ}は{危険|きけん}です。
|
||||
> Whether animals or plants, the substance is dangerous.
|
||||
|
||||
## なくはない・なくもない (NEW!)
|
||||
## なくはない・なくもない
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ This particle when added to the end of a sentence meaning "right?".
|
||||
* ==ではないか==・==じゃないか== invites or suggests an action.
|
||||
* ==ね== asks an agreement or a confirmation.
|
||||
|
||||
## ことか (NEW!)
|
||||
## ことか
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ See also [[Connectors - in order to#ために]].
|
||||
|
||||
See also [[Certainty#わけがない]].
|
||||
|
||||
## からこそ (NEW!)
|
||||
## からこそ
|
||||
|
||||
Means "precisely because". Made with the [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because|から]] and [[🔰 Particles (2)#こそ|こそ]] particles, to emphasize the reason.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ Means "precisely because". Made with the [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because|から]] a
|
||||
|
||||
⚠ Uses the same rules as [[🔰 Particles (2)#Because|から]].
|
||||
|
||||
## ことだから (NEW!)
|
||||
## ことだから
|
||||
|
||||
Means "exactly because". Usually used to talk about something characteristic to someone.
|
||||
Used with nouns + の.
|
||||
@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ Used with nouns + の.
|
||||
> {彼女|かのじょ}==のことだから==、{必|かなら}ず{来|き}ます。
|
||||
> It's precisely because it's her that I'm sure she'll come.
|
||||
|
||||
## につき (NEW!)
|
||||
## につき
|
||||
|
||||
Means "due to". Used when a change happens. It is formal.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ Means "due to". Used when a change happens. It is formal.
|
||||
> {年次|ねんじ}{休業|きゅうぎょう}==につき==、セールが{開催|かいさい}{中|ちゅう}。
|
||||
> Due to the annual closure, a sale is being held.
|
||||
|
||||
## もの・もん (NEW!)
|
||||
## もの・もん
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ Means "because". It is usually casual.
|
||||
> {具合|ぐあい}が{悪|わる}い。。。{臭|くさ}い==んだもの==。
|
||||
> I don't feel well... because something stinks.
|
||||
|
||||
## ものだから (NEW!)
|
||||
## ものだから
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ Means "because of". Used for positive contexts, like "thanks to".
|
||||
> あなたの==おかげで=={勝|か}った。
|
||||
> We won because of you.
|
||||
|
||||
### だけあって (NEW!)
|
||||
### だけあって
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Means "because of". Mostly used for negative contexts, to blame, etc.
|
||||
> あなたの==せいで=={負|ま}けた。
|
||||
> We lost because of you.
|
||||
|
||||
### ばかりに (NEW!)
|
||||
### ばかりに
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ Means "simply because". Usually used for negative results.
|
||||
All three patterns mean "because A... obviously B". They have slight differences.
|
||||
Used when talking about things like decision, judgement, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
### 上は (NEW!)
|
||||
### 上は
|
||||
|
||||
{上|うえ}は is the most formal form.
|
||||
Used with verbs (る, た forms).
|
||||
@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ Used with verbs (る, た forms).
|
||||
> {先生|せんせい}が{言|い}った==上は=={必|かなら}ずする。
|
||||
> Since the teacher said it, I will definitely do it.
|
||||
|
||||
### 以上は (NEW!)
|
||||
### 以上は
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ Only with this form, both parts of the sentence can talk about different persons
|
||||
> {彼|かれ}がまだ{来|き}ません==以上は==、{今|いま}{帰|かえ}ります。
|
||||
> Since he still have not come, I'm going home now.
|
||||
|
||||
### からには (NEW!)
|
||||
### からには
|
||||
|
||||
It is used in conversations. Can only be used for talking about oneself. Generally used for positive results.
|
||||
Used with verbs.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ It is used with verbs by removing the ます and adding なさい. In casual con
|
||||
## ように言う
|
||||
|
||||
It means "to tell", "to request", "to order".
|
||||
It is form by added ように{言|い}う to a verb. The verb {頼|たの}む can be used for requests, while {命|めい}じる can be used for order. The verb {言|い}う can tell the three meanings depending on the tone. Other similar verbs can be used ({注意|ちゅうい}する, {進|すす}む, etc).
|
||||
It is form by adding ように{言|い}う to a verb. The verb {頼|たの}む can be used for requests, while {命|めい}じる can be used for order. The verb {言|い}う can tell the three meanings depending on the tone. Other similar verbs can be used ({注意|ちゅうい}する, {進|すす}む, etc).
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {子供|こども}にお{菓子|か|し}を食べない==ように言った==。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Used with verbs that expresses change.
|
||||
> {禁煙|きんえん}の{場所|ばしょ}は{増|ふ}えている==一方です==。
|
||||
> The number of places where smoking is prohibited keeps increasing.
|
||||
|
||||
## ばかりだ (NEW!)
|
||||
## ばかりだ
|
||||
|
||||
Means "to continue to", in a negative direction. Used with verbs in the dictionary form (る), that describe a form of change. Can also be used as ばっかり, ばっか, ばかし, and ばっかし instead of ばかり.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Means "this means", "known as", "because".
|
||||
## において・における
|
||||
|
||||
Means "in", "at", "regarding".
|
||||
Used with nouns. Is used in formal language.
|
||||
Used with nouns. It is used in formal language.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {冬|ふゆ}==において=={雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}る。
|
||||
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> {面接|めんせつ}==について==はいつがよろしいでしょうか。
|
||||
> Regarding the interview, when would be a good time?
|
||||
|
||||
## をめぐって (NEW!)
|
||||
## をめぐって
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Means "concerning", "in regard to". It has the same meaning as について.
|
||||
> 田中さん==をめぐって==、いろんな{噂|うわさ}がある。
|
||||
> There are many rumours concerning Tanaka-san.
|
||||
|
||||
## というものだ (NEW!)
|
||||
## というものだ
|
||||
|
||||
Means "concerning", "something called". Used for explanations or morals.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Means "in other words". Used after a first phrase for an alternative explanation
|
||||
> この{映画|えいが}は１２０分、==つまり==２時です。
|
||||
> This movie is 120 minutes, that is to say 2 hours.
|
||||
|
||||
## ということは (NEW!)
|
||||
## ということは
|
||||
|
||||
Means "that is to say", "in other words". Used when the answer needs thinking. つまり is more direct.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Means "in other words". More formal than つまり.
|
||||
> この{映画|えいが}は１２０分、==すなわち==２時です。
|
||||
> This movie is 120 minutes, that is to say 2 hours.
|
||||
|
||||
## 要するに (NEW!)
|
||||
## 要するに
|
||||
|
||||
{要|よう}するに means "in summary". It is placed at the beginning of the sentence.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ Means "such as", "things like". It is used to give examples or to show emphasis.
|
||||
> {虫|むし}が{好|すき}きです。==例えば=={蝉|せみ}です。
|
||||
> I like insect. For example, cicadas.
|
||||
|
||||
## ものだ・ものではない (NEW!)
|
||||
## ものだ・ものではない
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ Means "such as", "things like". It is used to give examples or to show emphasis.
|
||||
> {車|くるま}はいつも{高|たか}い==ものだ==。
|
||||
> Cars are always expensive.
|
||||
|
||||
## というふうに (NEW!)
|
||||
## というふうに
|
||||
|
||||
Means "as if to say", "in such a way that", "like". Used to describe the manner in which something is done, give examples.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ Means "as if to say", "in such a way that", "like". Used to describe the manner
|
||||
> {彼|かれ}は{泥棒|どろぼう}==というふうに=={立|た}ち{去|さ}ってしました。
|
||||
> He departed like a thief.
|
||||
|
||||
## ふうに (NEW!)
|
||||
## ふうに
|
||||
|
||||
Means "in the way of".
|
||||
Used after words like こんな, そんな, あんな, どんな and verbs.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
# Thanks
|
||||
|
||||
## せっかく (NEW!)
|
||||
## せっかく
|
||||
|
||||
Means "with trouble", "thank you for the trouble", etc.
|
||||
Used at the beginning of a phrase.
|
||||
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Used at the beginning of a phrase.
|
||||
> ==せっかく==ケーキを{持|も}てきてくれてありがとう。
|
||||
> Thank you for bringing the cake.
|
||||
|
||||
## 幸い・幸いなことに (NEW!)
|
||||
## 幸い・幸いなことに
|
||||
|
||||
{幸|さいわ}い・{幸|さいわ}いなことに means "luckily", "fortunately".
|
||||
Used at the beginning of a phrase.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Used by combining to a verb.
|
||||
> 今ご{飯|はん}を作る==ところ==です。
|
||||
> I'm about to make dinner.
|
||||
|
||||
## かと思ったら (NEW!)
|
||||
## かと思ったら
|
||||
|
||||
かと{思|おも}ったら means "just when".
|
||||
Can also be used as かと思うと and かと思えば.
|
||||
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Used with a verb in the past (た) form.
|
||||
> スーパーに{行|い}った==かと思ったら==、{雪|ゆき}が{降|ふ}り{出|だ}した。
|
||||
> Just as I went to the supermarket, it started snowing.
|
||||
|
||||
## か~ないかのうちに (NEW!)
|
||||
## か~ないかのうちに
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Used with a verb in the past (た) form.
|
||||
> {彼|かれ}は{電車|でんしゃ}が{駅|えき}に{着|つ}く==か=={着|つ}かない==かのうちに=={走|はし}り{始|はじ}めた。
|
||||
> He started running as soon as the train arrived at the station.
|
||||
|
||||
## 次第 (NEW!)
|
||||
## 次第
|
||||
|
||||
{次第|しだい} means "as soon as". Made by removing the ます stem of a verb.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ With に at the end, it means "gradually".
|
||||
> {彼|かれ}は==次第に=={上手|じょうず}になってきた。
|
||||
> He's gradually gotten better.
|
||||
|
||||
## 直ちに (NEW!)
|
||||
## 直ちに
|
||||
|
||||
{直|ただ}ちに means "immediately", "at once".
|
||||
|
||||
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ With に at the end, it means "gradually".
|
||||
> ==直ちに=={出|で}かけなきゃ！
|
||||
> I need to get going right now!
|
||||
|
||||
## ところに (NEW!)
|
||||
## ところに
|
||||
|
||||
Means "at the time", "when", "while", "just as". Used with verbs in the ている form.
|
||||
Focuses on the scene or situation rather than the action.
|
||||
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Focuses on the scene or situation rather than the action.
|
||||
> ばかばかしいことをしていた==ところに==、{先輩|せんぱい}{入|はい}りました。
|
||||
> While I was doing something stupid, my senior came in.
|
||||
|
||||
## 一気に (NEW!)
|
||||
## 一気に
|
||||
|
||||
{一気|いっき}に means "at once", "all at once" and "instantly", "right away".
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Means "while", "at the same time". The difference with ながら is that here th
|
||||
> スーパーに行く==ついでに==、おにぎりを{買|か}ってくれませんか。
|
||||
> While you're going to the supermarket, could you bring onigiri?
|
||||
|
||||
## と同時に (NEW!)
|
||||
## と同時に
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ Means "while". The nuance is that the time is optimal and should be taken advant
|
||||
> {晴|は}れる==うちに=={散歩|さんぽ}しましょう。
|
||||
> Let's take a walk while the weather is nice.
|
||||
|
||||
## 限り (NEW!)
|
||||
## 限り
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Used at the beginning of a phrase.
|
||||
> ==ついに== {新|あたら}しい{地下鉄|ちかてつ}が{出来上|で|き|あ}がった。
|
||||
> At last, the new subway was completed.
|
||||
|
||||
## あげく (NEW!)
|
||||
## あげく
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Means "in the end", "finally". Implies a negative result, despite effort given.
|
||||
> {一緒|いっしょ}に{暮|く}らした==あげく==、{別|わか}れることに{決|き}めました。
|
||||
> After living together, we decided to break up.
|
||||
|
||||
## いよいよ (NEW!)
|
||||
## いよいよ
|
||||
|
||||
Means "finally". Explains that something finally happened (after preparation, waiting, etc).
|
||||
Used at the beginning of a phrase.
|
||||
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Used at the beginning of a phrase.
|
||||
> ==いよいよ=={作|つく}り{終|お}わりました。
|
||||
> I finally finished it.
|
||||
|
||||
## 末に (NEW!)
|
||||
## 末に
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ The way the intervals are counted between these two grammar structure is differe
|
||||
> ２日==おきに== =３日==ごとに== = every three days = every third day
|
||||
> ●○○●○○●○○●
|
||||
|
||||
## につけ (NEW!)
|
||||
## につけ
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This means "suddenly", "unexpectedly", "unintentionally". Emphasis is on the lac
|
||||
> ==ふと=={通|とお}りに１０００円を{見|み}つけた。
|
||||
> I found 1000 yen on the street by chance.
|
||||
|
||||
## いきなり (NEW!)
|
||||
## いきなり
|
||||
|
||||
Means "suddenly". Used before a phrase containing an action. It implies something that is more surprising than with 急に, puts more emotion into it.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Means "through", "from... until". Indicates that something happens over a period
|
||||
> {朝|あさ}==から=={夜|よる}==にかかて==ゲームしたい。
|
||||
> I want to play games from morning to night.
|
||||
|
||||
## にわたって (NEW!)
|
||||
## にわたって
|
||||
|
||||
Means "throughout", "over (a period)". It is formal.
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ Used with nouns measuring time.
|
||||
> ３{年|ねん}==ぶりに==ブラジルを{戻|もど}ります。
|
||||
> For the first time in 3 years, I'm returning to Brazil.
|
||||
|
||||
## に先立ち (NEW!)
|
||||
## に先立ち
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Also used as に先立つ when a second noun follows a first one.
|
||||
> {面接|めんせつ}の==上で==、{連絡|れんらく}します。
|
||||
> We will contact you after the interview.
|
||||
|
||||
## にあたって (NEW!)
|
||||
## にあたって
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ Used with verbs and nouns.
|
||||
> {試験|しけん}を{受|う}ける==にあたって==、{鉛筆|えんぴつ}と{消|け}しゴムを{持|も}ってきてください。
|
||||
> Please bring a pencil and an eraser in preparation for the test.
|
||||
|
||||
## に際して (NEW!)
|
||||
## に際して
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="left">
|
||||
@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ Used with verbs and nouns.
|
||||
> {試験|しけん}を{受|う}ける==に際して==、{静|しず}かにしてください。
|
||||
> During the test, please be quiet.
|
||||
|
||||
## とっくに (NEW!)
|
||||
## とっくに
|
||||
|
||||
Means "long ago", "a long time ago".
|
||||
|
||||
@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ Means "long ago", "a long time ago".
|
||||
> {彼女|かのじょ}は==とっくに=={帰|かえ}ってしまった。
|
||||
> She went home long ago.
|
||||
|
||||
## やがて (NEW!)
|
||||
## やがて
|
||||
|
||||
Means "before long", "eventually".
|
||||
|
||||
@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ Means "before long", "eventually".
|
||||
> ==やがて==この{新|あたら}しいゲームは{売|う}り{出|だ}すはずです。
|
||||
> This new game should be put on sale soon.
|
||||
|
||||
## ところだった (NEW!)
|
||||
## ところだった
|
||||
|
||||
Means "almost", "about to", "almost happened". Used with a verb (る) by adding ところだった.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> この{建物|たてもの}は{南|みなみ}==向き==です。
|
||||
> This building is facing south.
|
||||
|
||||
## に向かって・に向けて (NEW!)
|
||||
## に向かって・に向けて
|
||||
|
||||
に{向|む}かって means "to face", "towards".
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ It is a bit more formal than ないで. Used more often in written form than な
|
||||
> 毎日食べ==ずに==出かける。
|
||||
> Everyday, I go out without eating.
|
||||
|
||||
## ずに済む・なくて済む (NEW!)
|
||||
## ずに済む・なくて済む
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ It is a bit more formal than ないで. Used more often in written form than な
|
||||
> {天才|てんさい}ので、彼は{勉強|べんきょう}==せずに済んだ=={合格|ごうかく}できました。
|
||||
> He passed the exam without having to study, since he's a genius.
|
||||
|
||||
## ことなく (NEW!)
|
||||
## ことなく
|
||||
|
||||
Means "without doing". Implies that it is regretful that it happened.
|
||||
Used with a verb (dictionary form).
|
||||
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Used with a verb (dictionary form).
|
||||
> {私|わたし}が{作|つく}ったケーキを{食|た}べる==ことなく=={友達|ともだち}は{帰|かえ}ってしまた。
|
||||
> My friend went home without eating the cake I made.
|
||||
|
||||
## 抜きで・抜きにして (NEW!)
|
||||
## 抜きで・抜きにして
|
||||
|
||||
{抜|ぬ}きにして・{抜|ぬ}きで means "without".
|
||||
Used with nouns.
|
||||
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Used with nouns.
|
||||
> {彼女|かのじょ}==抜きで==何もできない。
|
||||
> I can't do anything without her.
|
||||
|
||||
## もかまわず (NEW!)
|
||||
## もかまわず
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="usage">
|
||||
<div class="">
|
||||
|
||||
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ When a sentence is negative, は is usually used instead of が and を.
|
||||
> 肉==は==食べません。
|
||||
> I don't eat meat.
|
||||
|
||||
When used with a noun that is a number or an amount, it takes the meaning of "at least" or "around". Can be mixed with [[Amounts#くらい]].
|
||||
When used with a noun that is a number or an amount, it takes the meaning of "at least" or "around". Can be mixed with [[Amounts#くらい・ぐらい]].
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {毎週|まいしゅう}２{回|かい}==は=={映画館|えいがかん}に行きます。
|
||||
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ It is also used for making a contrast.
|
||||
In a noun modifying clause, は becomes が.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {彼|かれ}はラメんを{作|つく}。
|
||||
> {彼|かれ}はラメんを{作|つく}った。
|
||||
> He made ramen.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> {彼|かれ}==が=={作|つく}ったラメんはおいしいです。
|
||||
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ The first sentence would most likely be the answer to "where are you from?", whi
|
||||
This particle is used for the target of the action of a verb.
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Examples
|
||||
> ケーキ==を==作る。
|
||||
> ケーキ==を=={作|つく}る。
|
||||
> I prepare a cake.
|
||||
|
||||
## に
|
||||
|
||||
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Means "until" or "to".
|
||||
These two particles are frequently used together. It means "from X to Y".
|
||||
|
||||
> [!info] Example
|
||||
> {朝|あさ}に６時==から==７時==まで==電車で{通|かよ}うっています。
|
||||
> {朝|あさ}に６時==から==７時==まで=={電車|でんしゃ}で{通|かよ}うっています。
|
||||
> I commute by train from 6am to 7am.
|
||||
|
||||
## っけ
|
||||
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Means "even", "not even" (with negative verbs).
|
||||
|
||||
⚠ With conditional verbs, it means "only". See [[State#さえ～ば]].
|
||||
|
||||
## にて (NEW!)
|
||||
## にて
|
||||
|
||||
This particle is a formal version of [[🔰 Particles (1)#で]], and is used the same way.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ This particle is a formal version of [[🔰 Particles (1)#で]], and is used the
|
||||
> {電話|でんわ}==にて=={連絡|れんらく}ください。
|
||||
> Please contact us by phone.
|
||||
|
||||
## より (NEW!)
|
||||
## より
|
||||
|
||||
It is a more formal form of から ([[#From, since]]).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user