diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Observation - Description.md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Observation - Description.md deleted file mode 100644 index 83b67de..0000000 --- a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Observation - Description.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,253 +0,0 @@ -# Observation & description - -## ใŒใ‚‹ใƒปใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ - -
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ใ„-Adj ใ„

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ใช-Adj

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-

+ ใŒใ‚‹ ใƒป ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹

-
- -This transforms adjective into verbs, and means "to show signs of", "to appear like". -Can be conjugated: ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ means to currently show signs, ใŒใฆใ„ใŸ means to have shown signs. - -> [!info] Example -> {ๅฝผๅฅณ|ใ‹ใฎใ˜ใ‚‡}ใฏ่™ซใ‚’{ๆ€–|ใ”ใ‚}==ใŒใ‚‹==ใ€‚ -> She seems afraid of insects. - -## ใŒใ‚Š - -
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-

ใ„-Adj ใ„

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ใช-Adj

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+ ใŒใ‚Š

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- -Expresses a personality trait (tendency to, sensitivity towards). - -> [!info] Example -> {ๅฝผ|ใ‹ใ‚Œ}ใฏใ‚’{ๆ€–|ใ”ใ‚}==ใŒใ‚Š==ใ€‚ -> He has a tendency of being scared. - -## Looks like - -### ใ‚ˆใ† - -Means that it looks like. Used from direct knowledge or experience, with a high degree of confidence. It is a more polite form of ใฟใŸใ„. - -#### ใ‚ˆใ†ใ  - -
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-

V (casual)

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ใ„-Adj

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ใช-Adj + ใช

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N + ใฎ

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+ ใ‚ˆใ†ใ 

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- -Means that it looks like, appears like, seems like. - -> [!info] Example -> {ๅญไพ›|ใ“ใฉใ‚‚}ใŒ{ๅฌ‰|ใ†ใ‚Œ}ใ—ใ„==ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ==ใ€‚ -> The kids look happy (= I can see them laughing and smiling). - -#### ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใƒปใ‚ˆใ†ใช - -
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-

V (casual)

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N + ใฎ

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+ [ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ + V] ใƒป [ใ‚ˆใ†ใช + N]

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- -Expresses "in the manner of". - -> [!info] Examples -> {ๆ–ฐๅนน็ทš|ใ—ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“}ใฎ==ใ‚ˆใ†ใช=={้€Ÿๅบฆ|ใใ|ใฉ}ใ€‚ -> Speed like a Shinkansen. -> -> ใ‚ขใƒ’ใƒซใฎ==ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ==้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€‚ -> To eat like a duck. - -### ใฟใŸใ„ - -ใฟใŸใ„ means similar to, like. Used for direct observation, with a high degree of certainty in consequence. -It is a less polite form of ใ‚ˆใ†ใ . - -#### ใฟใŸใ„ใ  - -The basic form, used with all forms of words. - -> [!info] Example -> ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆš‘ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๅค==ใฟใŸใ„ใ ==ใชใ€‚ -> It's hot today, isn't it. It looks like it's summer. - -#### ใฟใŸใ„ใซ - -
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V (casual)

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N

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+ ใฟใŸใ„ใซ + V / Adj

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- -The adverbial form. - -> [!info] Example -> ็Šฌ==ใฟใŸใ„ใซ==้ฃŸในใŸใ€‚ -> I ate like a dog. - -#### ใฟใŸใ„ใช - -
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V (casual)

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N

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+ ใฟใŸใ„ใช + N

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- -Similar to the precedent form, but when using with nouns. - -> [!info] Example -> {ๆ•…้ƒท|ใตใ‚‹|ใ•ใจ}==ใฟใŸใ„ใช==็”บใ ใ€‚ -> A city like my hometown. - -### ใฃใฝใ„ - -
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V ใพใ™

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ใ„-Adj ใ„

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N

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+ ใฃใฝใ„

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- -This has the meaning of like, easy to, _-ish_. Makes a direct comparison with certainty, from the point of view of the person saying it. Close to an even more casual meaning of ใฟใŸใ„. - -> [!info] Examples -> {ๅญไพ›|ใ“|ใฉใ‚‚}==ใฃใฝใ„==ใ€‚ -> Childish. -> -> {ๅฟ˜|ใ‚ใ™}ใ‚Œ==ใฃใฝใ„==ใ€‚ -> Easy to forget. - -### ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ - -Expresses an information based on hearsay, or based on the situation, or ressemblance. This is always used bases on a source that is unknown or ambiguous. It can be similar to a guess. -Also used for something typical. - -> [!info] Examples -> ็”ท==ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„==ใ€‚ -> Typical of a man (befitting of a man). -> -> ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ{ๅ›|ใใฟ}==ใ‚‰ใ—ใใชใ„==ใ€‚ -> You aren't yourself today. - -### ใใ† - -#### ใใ†ใ  - -
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V (casual)

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ใ„-Adj

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ใช-Adj + ใ 

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N + ใ 

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+ ใใ†ใ 

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- -Means "I heard that". - -
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V ใพใ™

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ใ„-Adj ใ„

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ใช-Adj + ใ 

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+ ใใ†ใ 

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- -Means that it looks like. - -> [!info] Examples -> ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏ{้›ฃ|ใ‚€ใš}ใ—ใ„==ใ ใใ†ใ ==ใ€‚ -> The exam is said to be difficult. -> -> ใŠใ„ใ—==ใใ†ใ ==ใ€‚ -> lt looks like it is delicious. - -#### ใใ†ใซใƒปใใ†ใช - -
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V ใพใ™

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ใ„-Adj ใ„

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ใช-Adj + ใ 

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+ ใ€Œใใ†ใซใƒปใใ†ใชใ€ + NใƒปV

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- -Also means that it looks like, but connecting to nouns and verbs. - -> [!info] Example -> ้ข็™ฝ==ใใ†ใซ==ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ -> He seems like an interesting person. - -### Summing it up - -๐Ÿ›  To do: check validity. - -* ==ใ‚ˆใ†ใ == is a formal way to say that it looks like, usually from direct observation. -* ==ใฟใŸใ„== is a less formal way, used in a casual conversation. -* ==ใฃใฝใ„== is even more casual. A girl trying to be masculine would be ็”ทใฃใฝใ„. -* ==ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„== is usually used when something is typical or expected. The same girl wouldn't be either ๅฅณใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ or ็”ทใฃใฝใ„ because it's not what is expected from her. -* ==ใใ†ใ == is used for something that is hearsay or not directly observation, more as a guess. - -## ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ - -
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V (ใฆ)

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V (casual) + ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ

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ใ„-Adj + ใ„ใ

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ใช-Adj + ใซ

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N + (ใฎใ‚ˆใ†) + ใซ

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+ ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹

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- -This is used (unlike other forms that can apply to abstract similarities) exclusively for visual resemblance. - -> [!info] Example -> {ๅฝผๅฅณ|ใ‹ใฎใ˜ใ‚‡}ใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นไบบ==ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹==ใ€‚ -> She looks like she is French. - -## I heard that... - -### ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ - -Used for something you heard by someone identifiable: for example, you were told by someone. -For nouns, ใ  is placed before. - -> [!info] Example -> ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฎใ‚ซใƒฌใƒผใฏใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใ ==ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™==ใ€‚ -> The curry of this restaurant is good (someone told me). - -### ใจ่žใ„ใŸ - -Used when you heard something, but not from someone specifically identifiable: general knowledge, a rumour, etc. - -> [!info] Example -> ๅฝผใฏใƒใ‚ซ==ใจ่žใ„ใŸ==ใ€‚ -> They say he's an idiot (I've heard that he's an idiot). diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Observation - hearsay.md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Observation - hearsay.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0988dc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Observation - hearsay.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +# Observation - Hearsay + +## ใจ่žใ„ใŸ + +Used when you heard something, but not from someone specifically identifiable: general knowledge, a rumour, etc. + +> [!info] Example +> ๅฝผใฏใƒใ‚ซ==ใจ่žใ„ใŸ==ใ€‚ +> They say he's an idiot (I've heard that he's an idiot). + +## ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ + +Used for something you heard by someone identifiable: for example, you were told by someone. +For nouns, ใ  is placed before. + +> [!info] Example +> ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฎใ‚ซใƒฌใƒผใฏใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใ ==ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™==ใ€‚ +> The curry of this restaurant is good (someone told me). + +## ใ‚“ใ ใฃใฆ + +
+
+

V

+

ใ„-Adj

+

ใช-Adj + ใช

+

N + ใช

+
+

+ ใ‚“ใ ใฃใฆใƒปใ‚“ใงใ™ใฃใฆ

+
+ +Used to quote something that you heard in a casual conversation. +๐Ÿ›  nuance with ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹? +Similar in the quotation sense to [[Description#ใฃใฆใƒปใฃใฆ่จ€ใ†ใƒปใจ่จ€ใ†|ใฃใฆ]], but here the nuance is that the information is new or unexpected. + +> [!info] Example +> ใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ผใƒณใƒใƒณใŒ{ๅ‹|ใ‹}ใ—ใŸ==ใ‚“ใ ใฃใฆ==! +> Argentina won the world cup! (you just saw it on TV but you were doing something else and are surprised) + +## ใใ†ใ  + +
+
+

V (casual)

+

ใ„-Adj

+

ใช-Adj + ใ 

+

N + ใ 

+
+

+ ใใ†ใ 

+
+ +Means "I heard that". +Do not confuse with [[Observation - looking like#ใใ†ใ ]]. + +> [!info] Examples +> ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏ{้›ฃ|ใ‚€ใš}ใ—ใ„==ใ ใใ†ใ ==ใ€‚ +> The exam is said to be difficult. + +## ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ  + +It is used for hearsay. Has a nuance of being sure of the validity. +Can also be used for a meaning close to "this means". +More formal than ใใ†ใ . +Can be used as ==ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ == or ==ใจใฎใ“ใจใ ==. A more casual version is ==ใฃใฆใ“ใจใ ==. + +> [!info] Examples +> {ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถ|ใ›ใ‚“|ใ‚‚ใ‚“|ใ‹}ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€{ไปŠๅนด|ใ“ใจใ—}ใฎ{ๅค|ใชใค}ใฏ{ๆœ€้ซ˜|ใ•ใ„ใ“ใ†}{ๆš‘|ใ‚ใค}ใใชใ‚‹==ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™==ใ€‚ +> According to the experts, this summer will be the hottest ever. + +## Summing it up + +๐Ÿ›  Todo: understand the nuances. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Observation - looking like.md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Observation - looking like.md index 2cd0bdb..49948ca 100644 --- a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Observation - looking like.md +++ b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Observation - looking like.md @@ -122,18 +122,6 @@ Also used for something typical. ### ใใ†ใ  -
-
-

V (casual)

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ใ„-Adj

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ใช-Adj + ใ 

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N + ใ 

-
-

+ ใใ†ใ 

-
- -Means "I heard that". -

V ใพใ™

@@ -144,11 +132,9 @@ Means "I heard that".
Means that it looks like. +Do not confuse with [[Observation - hearsay#ใใ†ใ ]]. -> [!info] Examples -> ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏ{้›ฃ|ใ‚€ใš}ใ—ใ„==ใ ใใ†ใ ==ใ€‚ -> The exam is said to be difficult. -> +> [!info] Examples > ใŠใ„ใ—==ใใ†ใ ==ใ€‚ > lt looks like it is delicious.