diff --git a/๐ฐ Grammar/Obligation.md b/๐ฐ Grammar/Obligation.md index 57c503e..3dc20eb 100644 --- a/๐ฐ Grammar/Obligation.md +++ b/๐ฐ Grammar/Obligation.md @@ -26,17 +26,28 @@ Can be used as ใใใฏใใใชใ or ใใใซใฏใใใพใใ. > {ๆฌๅฝ|ใปใใจใ}ใซ้ฃฒใฟไผใซ่กใ==ใใใซใฏใใใชใ==ใใ > There's really no way I can go to the afterwork. -## ใใซใฏใใใใชใ +## ใชใใฆใใใ -Means "can't help but do something". -Made with a verb in the negative form (ใชใ) without the ใชใ ending and adding ใใซใฏใใใใชใ. +Means "don't have to". Used with a verb in the negative form (ใชใ), appending ใชใใฆใใใ. +Can also be used as ใชใใฆใใ. > [!info] Example -> {ๆฒ|ใใช}ใใใฎใงใขใคในใฏใชใผใ ้ฃใน==ใใซใฏๅ ฅใใใชใ==ใ -> I'm sad so I can't help but eat ice cream. +> ไปๆฅใฏใฌในใใฉใณใง{ๆไผ|ใฆ|ใค}ใ==ใชใใฆใใใ==ใ +> You don't have to help out at the restaurant today (it's okay if you don't help at the restaurant today). + +## ใฆใใใงใชใใจ + +Means "must first do". The second part becomes possible after the first one. +Used with a verb in ใฆ form, with ใใใงใชใใจ or ใใใงใชใใใใฐ. + +> [!info] Example +> {ๆ|ใฏใ}==ใฃใฆใใใงใชใใจ=={ๅ ฅ|ใฏใ}ใใใงใใใใจใ +> You can enter only after paying. ## ใใจ as "should do" +### ใใจ +
V (dictionary)
@@ -51,7 +62,16 @@ Means "should do". Mostly used to set rules. > ใใใซ{่ป|ใใใพ}ใ{ๆญข|ใจ}ใใชใ==ใใจ==ใงใใ > Don't park your car here. -## ใใจใฏใชใ +### ใใจใซใชใฃใฆใใ + +This form is used to express rules or expectations. +Used with dictionary (ใ) and negative (ใชใ) form of verbs. + +> [!info] Examples +> {ๆ|ใใณ}ใง้ฃในใชใ==ใใจใซใชใฃใฆใใ==ใ +> You're not supposed to eat with your fingers. + +### ใใจใฏใชใ This has two meanings: * it is not necessary to @@ -63,57 +83,19 @@ Used with a verb in the dictionary form. > {่ตฐ|ใฏใ}ใ==ใใจใฏใชใ==ใใพใ {ๆ้|ใใใ}ใใใใ > There's no need to run. There's still time. -## ใใจใซใชใฃใฆใใ +## ๅฟ ใ -This form is used to express rules or expectations. -Used with dictionary (ใ) and negative (ใชใ) form of verbs. - -> [!info] Examples -> {ๆ|ใใณ}ใง้ฃในใชใ==ใใจใซใชใฃใฆใใ==ใ -> You're not supposed to eat with your fingers. - -## Must - -### ใชใใกใใปใชใใ - -Only used on casual spoken conversations. -This form is used with the negative form of a verb (ใชใ), and adding ใชใใกใ and optionally one of the following ending: ใ ใ, ใใใชใ, ใใใพใใ, ใชใใชใ, ใชใใพใใ. - -ใชใใกใ is the shortened form of ใชใใฆใฏ. -ใชใใ is the shortened form of ใชใใใฐ. +{ๅฟ |ใใชใ}ใ means certainly, definitely. Expresses an obligation. > [!info] Example -> {ๆญฏ|ใฏ}ใ{็ฃจ|ใฟใ}ใ==ใชใใกใใใใชใ==ใ -> I must brush my teeth. +> ๆๆฅใฎ{ๆๆฅญ|ใใ |ใใใ}==ๅฟ ใ==ๆฅใฆใใ ใใใ +> Please be sure to attend tomorrow's class. -### ใชใใฆใฏใใใใชใใปใชใใชใใ - -Also formed with the negative form of a verb. - -> [!info] Example -> ไป{้ |ใใ}ใใญใ{ๅฏ|ใญ}ใซ่กใ==ใชใใฆใฏใใใชใ==ใ -> It's late now. I have to go to sleep. - -### ใชใใใฐใใใใชใใปใชใใชใใ - -Also formed with the negative form of a verb. - -> [!info] Example -> {ไบๅๆ|ใใใใ}ใงใฏ{้|ใใ}ใใซใ==ใชใใใฐใชใใชใ==ใ -> You have to be quiet in the office. - -### ใชใใจใใใชใ - -Also formed with the negative form of a verb. -In casual contexts, can be shortened as ใชใใจ. - -> [!info] Example -> ไปๆฅใฏ{ๅๅผท|ในใใใใ}ใ==ใชใใจใใใชใ==ใ -> I have to study today. +## ในใ ### ในใใ -Means "should do", "must do". +Means "should do", "must do". Compared to the [[Obligation - ใชใใใฐใปใชใใจ]] forms and ๅฟ ใ, it has a nuance of being less universally logical. It is defined by the speaker's own logic. Used with verbs. ใใ can be used as ใใในใ or ใในใ. @@ -121,64 +103,6 @@ Used with verbs. > {ๆฅ้ฑ|ใใใใ ใ}{่ฉฆ้จ|ใใใ}ใใใใฎใง{ๅๅผท|ในใใใใ}ใ==ในใใงใ==ใ > There is an exam next week, so I should study. -## ใฆใใใงใชใใจ - -Means "must first do". The second part becomes possible after the first one. -Used with a verb in ใฆ form, with ใใใงใชใใจ or ใใใงใชใใใใฐ. - -> [!info] Example -> {ๆ|ใฏใ}==ใฃใฆใใใงใชใใจ=={ๅ ฅ|ใฏใ}ใใใงใใใใจใ -> You can enter only after paying. - - -๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ -Todo: new notions! - -### Comparing ใใใชใ and ใชใใชใ - -* ==ใใใชใ== is the standardly used form. It implies a subjective view, that it would be better to do something, to avoid negative consequences (eg: brushing one's teeth, eating well, etc). -* ==ใชใใชใ== is usually more formal or in written form. It implies a is more objective view, something that has to be done because there's no other way (eg: respecting the law, paying taxes, etc). - -### Comparing ใชใใฆใฏ, ใชใใใฐ and ใชใใจ - -ใชใใฆใฏ and ใชใใใฐ are generally interchangeable in speech. However: -* ==ใชใใฆใฏ== is generally used when there is _no penalty_ for not complying. -* ==ใชใใใฐ== is generally used when there _is a penalty_ for not complying. -* ==ใชใใจ== is lighter and does not imply that there can or cannot be penalty. Its construction is based on the [[Conditional#ใจ]] particle, and should be based on knowledge or experience. - -## Must not - -#### ใใกใใปใใใใใ ใใปใใใชใใปใใใพใใใ - -Only used on casual spoken conversations. ใใใพใใ is a bit more formal. -This form is used with a V-ใฆ, depending on the ending: -* with ใฆ, ใกใ is used. -* with ใง, ใใ is used. - -> [!info] Examples -> ใใฎ{่ฑ|ใฏใช}ใ้ฃใน==ใกใใ ใ==ใ -> Don't eat those flowers. -> -> {่ฑ็ถ|ใ|ใณใ}ใฎๆฐดใ{้ฃฒ|ใฎ}ใ==ใใใใใชใ==ใ -> Don't drink the water of the flower vase. - -### ใฆใฏใใใชใ - -Used in a more formal or written manner. Used with a V-ใฆ. - -> [!info] Example -> {้้|ใฆใค|ใฉใ}ใซ{ๆญฉ|ใใ}ใ==ใฆใฏใใใพใใ==ใ -> Do not walk on the railroad. - -### ใชใใฆใใใ - -Means "don't have to". Used with a verb in the negative form (ใชใ), appending ใชใใฆใใใ. -Can also be used as ใชใใฆใใ. - -> [!info] Example -> ไปๆฅใฏใฌในใใฉใณใง{ๆไผ|ใฆ|ใค}ใ==ใชใใฆใใใ==ใ -> You don't have to help out at the restaurant today (it's okay if you don't help at the restaurant today). - ### ในใใงใฏใชใใปในใใใใชใ The contrary of ในใใ is ในใใงใฏใชใใปในใใใใชใ. @@ -187,45 +111,23 @@ The contrary of ในใใ is ในใใงใฏใชใใปในใใใใชใ. > {ๆณฅ|ใฉใ}ใ้ฃในใ==ในใใงใฏใชใ==ใ > You should not eat mud. - - - - -## ใฆใๆงใใชใ +## ใฏใใ ใปใฏใใใชใV (ใฆ)
-ใ-Adj ใ ใใฆ
ใช-Adj + ใง
-N + ใง
+V
+ใ-Adj
+ใช-Adj + ใช
+N + ใฎ
+ ใใใพใใชใใปใใใพใใพใใ
++ ใฏใใ ใป ใฏใใใชใ