diff --git a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Must (not).md b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Obligation.md similarity index 63% rename from ๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Must (not).md rename to ๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Obligation.md index 308506c..55a9073 100644 --- a/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Must (not).md +++ b/๐Ÿ”ฐ Grammar/Obligation.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Must & must Not +# Obligation ## ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใƒปๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ @@ -13,6 +13,28 @@ Means "needed" or "necessary". > ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒ‘ใƒณ{ๅฑ‹|ใ‚„}ใซ่กŒใ==ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„==ใ€‚ > No need to go to the bakery today. +## ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ + +Used with verbs for a meaning of "cannot do" (which cannot be your inability, but an external factor). +Used with verbs in negative form (ใชใ„) for a meaning of "cannot be avoided". +Can be used as ใ‚ใ‘ใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ or ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“. + +> [!info] Example +> {ไปŠๆ—ฅ|ใใ‚‡ใ†}ใฎ{ๅผŸ|ใŠใจใ†ใจ}ใฎ{่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅ|ใŸใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใณ}ใซ่กŒใ‹==ใชใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„==ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€{้ฃฒ|ใฎ}ใฟ{ไผš|ใ‹ใ„}ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚ +> There's no way I don't go to my younger brother's birthday today, so I won't go to the afterwork. +> +> {ๆœฌๅฝ“|ใปใ‚“ใจใ†}ใซ้ฃฒใฟไผšใซ่กŒใ==ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„==ใ‚ˆใ€‚ +> There's really no way I can go to the afterwork. + +## ใšใซใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ + +Means "can't help but do something". +Made with a verb in the negative form (ใชใ„) without the ใชใ„ ending and adding ใšใซใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„. + +> [!info] Example +> {ๆ‚ฒ|ใ‹ใช}ใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ้ฃŸใน==ใšใซใฏๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚Œใชใ„==ใ€‚ +> I'm sad so I can't help but eat ice cream. + ## Must ### ใชใใกใ‚ƒใƒปใชใใ‚ƒ @@ -52,6 +74,29 @@ In casual contexts, can be shortened as ใชใ„ใจ. > ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ{ๅ‹‰ๅผท|ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†}ใ—==ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ‘ใชใ„==ใ€‚ > I have to study today. +## ในใใ  + +Means "should do", "must do". +Used with verbs. +ใ™ใ‚‹ can be used as ใ™ใ‚‹ในใ or ใ™ในใ. + +> [!info] Example +> {ๆฅ้€ฑ|ใ‚‰ใ„ใ—ใ‚…ใ†}{่ฉฆ้จ“|ใ—ใ‘ใ‚“}ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง{ๅ‹‰ๅผท|ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†}ใ™==ในใใงใ™==ใ€‚ +> There is an exam next week, so I should study. + +## ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใชใ„ใจ + +Means "must first do". The second part becomes possible after the first one. +Used with a verb in ใฆ form, with ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใชใ„ใจ or ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใชใ„ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ. + +> [!info] Example +> {ๆ‰•|ใฏใ‚‰}==ใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใชใ„ใจ=={ๅ…ฅ|ใฏใ„}ใ‚‹ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ +> You can enter only after paying. + + +๐Ÿ› ๐Ÿ› ๐Ÿ› ๐Ÿ›  +Todo: new notions! + ### Comparing ใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ and ใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ * ==ใ„ใ‘ใชใ„== is the standardly used form. It implies a subjective view, that it would be better to do something, to avoid negative consequences (eg: brushing one's teeth, eating well, etc). @@ -96,3 +141,31 @@ Can also be used as ใชใใฆใ„ใ„. > [!info] Example > ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใง{ๆ‰‹ไผ|ใฆ|ใค}ใ‚==ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„==ใ€‚ > You don't have to help out at the restaurant today (it's okay if you don't help at the restaurant today). + +## ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใƒปในใใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ + +The contrary of ในใใ  is ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใƒปในใใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„. + +> [!info] Example +> {ๆณฅ|ใฉใ‚}ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹==ในใใงใฏใชใ„==ใ€‚ +> You should not eat mud. + + + + + + + + +# TODO + +## ใชใ„ใจ + + + + + +must do; unless/if you don't ~ + +https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84%e3%81%a8-naito-meaning/ +https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8