123 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
123 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
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# Only, just
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## だけ
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Means "only", "just".
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> [!info] Example
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> {一|ひと}つ==だけ==ください。
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> Only one, please.
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## だけでなく
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な・である</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N (である)</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ だけでなく(て) ... (も)</p>
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</div>
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Means "not only A but also B".
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Can also be used as だけではなく.
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> [!info] Example
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> この{都市|とし}は大きい==だけでなく==、きれいでもある。
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> This city is not only big, it's also pretty.
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## きり
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V (た)</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ きり・っきり</p>
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</div>
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Used with a noun, it means "only".
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> [!info] Example
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> このバスで{一度|いちど}==きり=={乗|の}った。
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Used with a verb, it means "since", "after", "even since".
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> [!info] Example
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>
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Using it as っきり is more casual.
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only; just; since; after ~
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https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%e3%81%8d%e3%82%8a-kiri-meaning/
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https://japanesequizzes.com/all-about-japanese-particles-%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A-kiri/
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https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A
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https://yasuwangblog.com/kkiri-en/
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## ばかり
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Means "only" or "nothing but", and can convey surprise or negative judgment depending on the context.
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Used with nouns and verbs.
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> [!info] Examples
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> この{国|くに}の{春|はる}は雨==ばかり==だ！
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> In this country, there's nothing but rain in spring.
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>
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> うちの{子供|こども}はテレビ==ばかり==見てる。
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> My child does nothing but watching TV.
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## ばかりで
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ ばかりで</p>
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</div>
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Used to say "only" with a negative meaning.
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> [!info] Examples
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> 彼は{有名|ゆうめい}な==ばかりで=={面白|おもしろ}くない。
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> He's only famous but not interesting.
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## ばかりでなく
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<div class="usage">
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<div class="left">
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<p><span class="box">V</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">い-Adj</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">な-Adj + な</span></p>
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<p><span class="box">N</span></p>
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</div>
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<p class="right">+ ばかりでなく... (も)</p>
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</div>
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Means "not only A but also B".
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> [!info] Examples
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> 彼女は{綺麗|きれい}==ばかりでなく=={天才|てんさい}もあるです。
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> She's not only beautiful, she's also a genius.
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## Summing it up
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"Only" can be said with:
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* ==だけ==
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* ==きり==
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* ==ばかり==
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"Not only" can be said with:
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* ==だけでなく==
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* ==ばかりでなく==
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differences => https://cotoacademy.com/how-to-say-only-just-in-japanese-dake-shika-nai-bakari-whats-the-difference/
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https://bunpro.jp/grammar_points/%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B
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https://www.reddit.com/r/Japaneselanguage/comments/1747tsd/difference_between_%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91_and_%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A/
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